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Topic: Nanking Massacre

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Nanking

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	Black Sun: The Nanking Massacre
		The total destruction of Nanking was seen by the Japanese government as being crucial in breaking the spirit of China's population.
		The policy of starving Nanking's population into submission is carried out by soldiers who regularly bathe their faces in bowls of fresh egg yolk whilst bragging about their "kills" for the day.
		Nanking soon becomes a charnel house of a city which at night is illuminated by flame and inhabited by cannibals and killers.
	www.heroic-cinema.com /reviews/blacksun (726 words)

	Nanking Massacre - 20th Century Genocides
		The six weeks of carnage would become known as the Rape of Nanking and represented the single worst atrocity during the World War II era in either the European or Pacific theaters of war.
		The actual military invasion of Nanking was preceded by a tough battle at Shanghai that began in the summer of 1937.
		Those who were not killed on the spot were taken to the outskirts of the city and forced to dig their own graves, large rectangular pits that would be filled with decapitated corpses resulting from killing contests the Japanese held among themselves.
	www.unitedhumanrights.org /Genocide/nanking_massacre.htm (1238 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The Nanking Massacre, commonly known as "The Rape of Nanking", refers to the most well-known of the war crimes committed by the Japanese military carried out by Japanese troops in and around Nanjing (also known in English as Nanking), China, after it fell to the Imperial Japanese Army on December 13, 1937.
		Historians who define the Nanking Massacre as having started from the time the Japanese army entered Jiangsu province push the beginning of the massacre to around mid-November to early December (Suzhou fell on November 19), and stretch the end of the massacre to late March 1938.
		The death toll of 300,000 is the official estimate engraved on the stone wall at the entrance of the "Memorial Hall for Compatriot Victims of the Japanese Military's Nanking Massacre" in Nanjing.
	www.gamecheatz.net /games.php?title=Nanking_Massacre (4752 words)

	Nanjing Massacre and the Tokyo War Crimes Trial
		Works by the Japanese documenting the Nanking Massacre climaxed with the appearance of Katsuichi Honda's series of articles, "The Journey to China", published in Asahi Shinbun (Nov.,1971), which were based on interviews with the survivors of the Massacre.
		The Nanking Massacre was described as a minor incident which occurred because the Japanese soldiers were too frustrated by the strong resistance from the Chinese Army.
		The Nanking Massacre came into focus again when an interview with Shintaro Ishihara, the most popular contemporary writer in Japan (co-author of "The Japan that Can Say No") and the most flamboyant member of the Diet, was published in the October issue of Playboy Magazine.
	www.cnd.org /NJMassacre/nj.html (5454 words)

	Modern History Sourcebook: The Nanking Massacre, 1937
		The Japanese occupation of Nanking, the capital of the Republic of China, lead to one of the greatest horrors of the century.
		The capture of Nanking was the most overwhelming defeat suffered by the Chinese and one of the most tragic military debacles in the history of modern warfare.
		In attempting to defend Nanking the Chinese allowed themselves to be surrounded and then systematically slaughtered....
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/mod/nanking.html (1086 words)

	The other Holocaust of World War II
		The Nanking Massacre is the forgotten massacre of World War II.
		While on the long journey to Nanking, the Japanese soldiers seeked revenge on the Chinese, for the deaths of their fellow friends that died in the two month battle.
		Nanking, is one of the greatest literary, artistic, and political centers that China has ever had.
	www.ccds.charlotte.nc.us /History/China/03/roth/roth.htm (1083 words)

	Before the Massacre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		With Beijing under siege, Nanking had been made the capital of China, accounting for some of this increase; but the greater portion had come from refugees who had fled to the city from the dangerous northern countryside.
		In the autumn of 1937, Japanese war planes began bombing Nanking, concentrating their efforts on the downtown areas, which were most densely populated by civilians.
		It was on this day that the six-week stretch of atrocities against the civilian population of Nanking began.
	www.bergen.org /AAST/Projects/ChinaHistory/background.htm (250 words)

	The Nanking Atrocities: Fact and Fable
		Rabe, a German national who remained in Nanking after the leaders of the Nationalist government and military had fled the city, leaving their subordinates behind, was head of the International Committee for the Nanking Safety Zone.
		The third "Nanking Incident" was the attack on foreign legations by the Nationalist Army under Chiang Kai-shek in March 1927.
		According to the official figures released by the municipal authorities of Nanking, the population of the city was 1,006,968 in December 1936 and 308,546 in August 1938.
	www.wellesley.edu /Polisci/wj/China/Nanjing/nanjing2.html (8197 words)

	BBC News \| ASIA-PACIFIC \| Nanking massacre denied
		The meeting, titled The Verification of the Rape of Nanking: The Biggest Lie of the 20th Century, was organised by a nationalist group and held in a public museum in Osaka.
		It believes the events in Nanking were part of a war and that soldiers, not civilians, were killed.
		Many people are ignorant of the facts of the Nanking massacre she says, as it has only recently been mentioned in school history text books.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/asia-pacific/615457.stm (565 words)

	A Revisionist's View of the Nanking Massacre - Asia Finest Discussion Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		With the Japanese occupation of Nanking, peaceful civic life was immediately restored and the number of residents coming back to the city increased day by day until it reached 250,000, exceeding the size of the city's population at the time of its fall.
		Lu Su, who allegedly witnessed Japanese massacre of Chinese civilians and the villages in the vicinity of the Mo-Fu-Shan Hill and in the Ts'ao Hsieh-Hsia District, gave 57,418 as the number of the victims.
		All the Japanese, including newspaper reporters and news cameramen, who were then in Nanking, admit that a large number of plain-clothes Chinese soldiers (unlawful belligerents) were executed by the Japanese troops, but unanimously assert that there were no large-scale or systematic atrocities committed against civilians.
	www.asiafinest.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=22341 (2039 words)

	Penguin Reading Guides \| The Rape of Nanking \| Iris Chang
		The death toll was staggering, far exceeding that of the American raids on Tokyo (an estimated 80,000-120,0000) and even the combined death toll of the two atomic blasts at Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the end of 1945 (estimated at 140,000 and 70,000 respectively).
		While the Rape of Nanking represents one of the worst instances of mass extermination in the annals of world history it is also one of the most obscure.
		The Rape of Nanking is, indeed, a desperate attempt to salvage the memory of the countless souls lost in that bloodbath, but it is also a cautionary tale for anyone lulled into a false sense of national security.
	us.penguingroup.com /static/rguides/us/rape_of_nanking.html (2477 words)

	The Rape of Nanking: Press Release
		The Nanking Massacre began on December 13, 1937 when the Japanese Imperial Army captured Nanking (Nanjing), which was then China's capital.
		The Nanking Massacre, following hard on the capture of Shanghai, was the first bloodbath in Japan's occupation of China and the first mass slaughter of World War II, during which an estimated 30 million Chinese were killed.
		The authors wrote The Rape of Nanking "to honor history and to answer any attempt to deny or change it." Published in Chicago by Innovative Publishing Group and distributed nationally by Triumph Books, the book is dedicated to the memory of the nearly 370,000 people who were killed in the Nanking massacre.
	www.tribo.org /nanking/pressrelease.html (967 words)

	Review of The Rape of Nanking: The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II
		The Rape of Nanking In December, 1937, the Chinese army abandoned Nanking (Nanjing), the Nationalist capital, and the Japanese army occupied the city without a fight.
		The notorious "Rape of Nanking" that immediately ensued began as a wholesale murder of Chinese prisoners of war and civilian men on pretext that they were fleeing soldiers who had discarded their uniforms.
		Yet the Rape of Nanking was not committed by impersonal or distant perpetrators, nor was its intent genocidal.
	www.ess.uwe.ac.uk /genocide/reviewswc3.htm (2046 words)

	There was no Nanking Massacre. - Asia Finest Discussion Forum
		Ishimura was in Nanking in the summer of 1944, as second lieutenant of the Japanese army.
		The first reason is that the population of Nanking was 200,000 at the time of its fall, and that it increased to 250,000 after the first month of the Japanese occupation.
		As a result, all the remaining residents of Nanking and refugees from the outskirts were within the Safety Zone before the arrival of the Japanese army.
	www.asiafinest.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=53787 (4994 words)

	Japanese Textbook Treatment of the Nanking Massacre
		This is known as the Great Nanking Massacre Incident, and the Chinese authorities assert that more than 300,000 people were slaughtered.
		In addition, from around 1940 on, a three-pronged campaign to burn, kill, and plunder was set in motion against anti-Japanese strongholds in northern China, and it had a devastating impact on the lives and the livelihoods of the Chinese masses.
		In the few weeks before and after the occupation the number of deaths, including combatants, is estimated to have been at least one hundred and several tens of thousands.
	www.wellesley.edu /Polisci/wj/China/Nanjing/nanjing3.html (799 words)

	[KFCC] Black Sun: The Nanking Massacre Review
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		Review: BLACK SUN: THE NANKING MASSACRE is not the conventional exploitation movie you would expect from Tun Fei Mou, director of MEN BEHIND THE SUN, the infamously violent exploitation movie.
		BLACK SUN: THE NANKING MASSACRE is a really good way for people, who like Asian films and are not familiar with the event, to learn about it.
	www.kfccinema.com /reviews/horror/nankingmassacre/nankingmassacre.html (796 words)

	The Rape of Nanking (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		It is for the crimes against the women of Nanking that this tragedy is most notorious.
		Over the six weeks of the massacre, in addition to the murder of about 300,000 civilians, the Japanese troops raped over 20,000 women, most of whom were murdered thereafter.
		One outstandingly revolting account is of several soldiers who, after raping and killing a pregnant woman, presented her fetus on a bayonet to their commanding officer, who replied with laughter.
	www.bergen.org /AAST/Projects/ChinaHistory/rape.html (233 words)

	Gendercide Watch: The Nanjing Massacre
		The Nanjing Massacre, also known as "The Rape of Nanking," is a rare example of simultaneous gendercides against women and men.
		She notes that "it is impossible to determine the exact number of women raped in Nanking.
		Eventually the genocidal rampage was replaced by a brutal occupation conducted under a puppet authority, the "Nanking Self-Government Committee." Life began to return to the city, and its population eventually re-stabilized at around 700,000, two-thirds of the prewar population.
	www.gendercide.org /case_nanking.html (2334 words)

	The Militant - March 6, 2000 -- Chinese protest Japanese denial of Nanking massacre
		SAN FRANCISCO--Around 500 students, government officials, and a few survivors of the Nanjing massacre gathered at a war memorial in Nanjing (formerly Nanking), China, January 24 to protest a rightist conference held at the International Peace Center in Osaka, Japan.
		Debate over the Rape of Nanking, the campaign for compensation of the so-called "comfort women"--Korean women forced into prostitution for Japanese soldiers during World War II--and the brutality of Japan's occupation of China and Korea has intensified as Japan's rulers prepare to again defend their interests with force.
		Yasuhiko Yoshida's Group to Rectify One-Sided War Exhibitions was a sponsor of the January 25 "Verification of the Rape of Nanking: The Biggest Lie of the 20th Century" conference.
	www.themilitant.com /2000/6409/640963.html (959 words)

	YouTube - THE "NANKING MASSACRE" IS THE FALSE ACCUSATION
		This newsfilm is 'Nanking',produced by T This newsfilm is 'Nanking',produced by TOHO Film Production,made by Shigeru Shirai belonging to TOHO culture cinema department,filmed in Nanking from 14.December.1937 to early in January.1938,shown as a full-length documentary film in Japanese theatres in 1938.The film was found in Beijing in 1995.
		The so-called 'Nanking Massacre' is the case wherein a large number of the citizens of Nanking and the captives have been alleged to have been murdered during the six weeks' occupation period under the Japanese Army, from December 13 immediately after the fall of Nanking through the beginning of February of 1938.
		This is the investigation of the war damage in Nanking made by Lewis S. Smythe, professor of Sociology, Nanking University and his Chinese assistants.
	youtube.com /watch?v=CsuZrhYxC1E (1027 words)

	Japanese version of Nanjing Massacre
		Works by the Japanese documenting the Nanjing Massacre climaxed with the appearance of Katsuichi Honda's series of articles, "The Journey to China", published in Asahi Simbun (Nov.,1971), which were based on interviews with the survivors of the Massacre.
		The Nanjing Massacre was described as a minor incident which occurred because the Japanese soldiers were too frustrated by the strong resistance from the Chinese Army.
		The Nanjing Massacre came into focus again when an interview with Shintaro Ishihara, the most popular contemporary writer in Japan and the most flamboyant member of the Diet, was published in the October issue of Playboy Magazine.
	www.centurychina.com /wiihist/njmassac/nmjapv.htm (841 words)

	Talk:Nanking Massacre - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nanking Massacre is part of WikiProject Japan, a project to improve all Japan-related articles.
		This is because a genocide doesn't have to be a massacre and vice versa.
		I would argue that the UN would indeed accept Nanking as genocide were it to occur today, but I choose not to argue that point, since the organization of knowledge not law is the reason the genocide category should be kept.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Nanking_Massacre (7941 words)

	Johns Hopkins Magazine -- November 1997
		The Japanese invasion of the Chinese capital of Nanking came at the midpoint of its war against China, which began in 1931 with the seizure of Manchuria and ended in 1945; during that period an estimated 10 million to 30 million Chinese perished, according to the Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal, and Chinese war historians.
		Meeting the massacre's survivors face to face, she says quietly, was both the best part of her trip, and the worst.
		Interest in the Nanking massacre has risen markedly in the last few years; that's partially due to the efforts of a new generation of Chinese-Americans--activists who are intent on getting the word out through books, documentaries, and symposiums.
	www.jhu.edu /~jhumag/1197web/nanking.html (4247 words)

	Nanking: A Black Hole in History
		Chang’s book was not the first nonfiction account of the Nanking massacre, though it was certainly one of the most thorough.
		Departing from the style of her first two books, Nanking looks at the massacre through the eyes of a teenaged English girl, and an old Chinese survivor.
		Hayder’s publishing history seems choppy — her US publisher dropped her over Nanking and it took her more than a year to find a replacement (“The move to Grove Atlantic was because they wanted to publish ‘The Devil’ as a more literary novel”).
	www.cobrapost.com /documents/nanking(1).html (809 words)

	Nanking pg.4
		Certain words were replaced, such as "aggression" with "advancing." The entire massacre was re-labeled a "minor incident," or the "Nanking Incident." The Japanese history books even claimed that the massacre occurred because Japanese soldiers were frustrated with the strength of the Chinese army.
		In 1990, Japanese government officials formally denied the Nanking Massacre by stating that it was a lie.
		As a result of both the dying witnesses and the fiftieth anniversary of the Massacre, there have been many efforts to raise awareness of the Nanking Massacre around the world.
	www.gotrain.com /dan/nanking4.htm (817 words)

	EastSouthWestNorth: Contesting the Nanking Massacre in Hong Kong
		Tong SIngzi sealed all the roads from Nanking to the north of the Yangtze River and he destroyed all the ferries.
		Nanking was a "strategic dead-end" and should not have been defended.
		Nanking is the capital of the country, and the site of the grave of the founding father of the republic, Sun Yat-sen. If they let Nanking go without a fight, maybe all of China will not forgive Chiang Kai-shek.
	www.zonaeuropa.com /20050421_2.htm (2212 words)

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