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Topic: Nanocrystal

	Nanocrystal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A nanocrystal is a crystalline material with dimensions measured in nanometers; a nanoparticle with a structure that is mostly crystalline.
		Nanocrystals are also of interest since they often provide single domain crystalline systems that can be studied to provide information that can help explain the behaviour of macroscopic samples of similar materials, without the complicating presence of grain boundaries and other defects.
		Nanocrystals made with zeolite are used as a filter to turn crude oil onto diesel fuel at an ExxonMobil oil refinery in Louisiana, a method cheaper than the conventional way.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nanocrystal (222 words)

	nanocrystal.fr
		nanocarbone nanotechnologies carbone nanochips nanocomposites nanocrystal nanocrystals nanotechnologie, nanotubes nanotube fullerenes.
		nanocarbone nanotechnologies, carbone nanochips nanocomposites nanocrystal nanocrystals nanotechnologie nanotubes nanotube fullerenes, nanocarbone nanotechnologies carbone nanochips nanocomposites nanocrystal nanocrystals nanotechnologie, nanotubes nanotube fullerenes.
		nanocarbone nanotechnologies, carbone nanochips nanocomposites nanocrystal nanocrystals nanotechnologie nanotubes nanotube fullerenes carbone.
	www.nanocrystal.fr (147 words)

	Multi-bit nanocrystal memory patent invention
		Nanocrystals may be employed in storing small amounts of electrical charge, even being able to store a single, or a small number, of atoms.
		In accordance with the present invention, a nanocrystal layer is used in the construction of a dual bit nonvolatile memory structure.
		The method forms a memory cell gate using a plurality of offset trenches to expose and remove a portion of a nanocrystal layer to develop a nanocrystal gate area having at least one dimension that is smaller than current photolithography resolution limits.
	www.freshpatents.com /Multi-bit-nanocrystal-memory-dt20060608ptan20060121673.php (1196 words)

	Organo Luminescent semiconductor nanocrystal probes for biological applications and process for making and using such ...
		By use of the term "semiconductor nanocrystal" is meant a nanometer crystal or nanocrystal of Group II-VI and Group III-V semiconductor compounds capable of emitting electromagnetic radiation upon excitation, although the use of Group IV semiconductors such as germanium or silicon, or the use of organic semiconductors, may be feasible under certain conditions.
		One form in which the semiconductor nanocrystal may be linked to an affinity molecule via a linking agent is by coating the semiconductor nanocrystal with a thin layer of glass, such as silica (SiO.sub.x where x=1-2), using a linking agent such as a substituted silane, e.g., 3-mercaptopropyl-trimethoxy silane to link the nanocrystal to the glass.
		The luminescent semiconductor nanocrystal compound may then be redissolved in water, and in a variety of buffer solutions to prepare it for linking it to an affinity molecule to form the organo luminescent semiconductor nanocrystal probe of the invention to treat a biological material to determine the presence or absence of a detectable substance.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5990479.html (5435 words)

	Finding the art behind the science of nanocrystal synthesis
		As a physicist specializing in superconductivity, he was particularly interested in studying the electron behavior in nanocrystals in hopes of gaining better control over the physical properties of materials.
		Since a stable electrochemical potential is crucial for forming well-shaped nanocrystals, scientists using this method often found themselves struggling to control solution concentrations and to time the right moment to stop the reaction.
		With large quantities of these nanocrystals in hand, scientists are now concentrating on exploring their unique physical and chemical properties.
	www.anl.gov /Media_Center/Explorer/Fall_2004/feature_Nanocrystal.html (1663 words)

	Burn Prevention
		A study in toxic epidermal necrolysis patients reported nanocrystal silver to be as effective as silver nitrate in controlling infection.
		In summary to date, clinical studies on burns have demonstrated that use of the nanocrystal silver delivery system is either better or at least as effective an antimicrobial as the currently used silver compounds.
		The donor site studies comparing nanocrystal silver versus xeroform also compared, a moist healing used with the silver dressing with a dry environment seen with xeroform making it difficult to determine what component of the silver or the moisture was responsible.
	www.burnsurgery.com /Modules/nano/sec6.htm (1327 words)

	IBM Research \| IBM Research \| selfassembly \| Nanocrystal FLASH Memory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Nanocrystal dimensions are templated by a self-assembled polymer film, providing a manufacturable solution to achieving uniformly-sized and –spaced nanocrystals.
		Silicon nanocrystal arrays are formed between the device polysilicon gate and silicon substrate, and are electrically-isolated by control- and program-oxides.
		Arrays of uniformly-sized 20 nanometer diameter silicon nanocrystals (patterned using self assembly) are embedded between the device gate and silicon substrate.
	domino.research.ibm.com /comm/research_projects.nsf/pages/selfassembly.nxtalFLASH.html (313 words)

	Elan: NanoCrystal® Technology
		NanoCrystal particles are small particles of drug substance, typically less than 1000 nanometers (nm) in diameter, which are produced by milling the drug substance using a proprietary, wet-milling technique.
		The NanoCrystal particles of the drug are stabilized against agglomeration by surface adsorption of selected GRAS (Generally Regarded As Safe) stabilizers.
		NanoCrystal technology represents both an enabling technology for evaluating new chemical entities that exhibit poor water solubility and also a valuable tool for optimizing the performance of established drugs.
	www.elan.com /EDT/nanocrystal_technology (682 words)

	Nanocrystal
		The shape of the nanocrystal must be such to minimize the free energy, or 'surface tension'.
		This is why nanocrystals are compact structures resembling spheres as close as possible and as allowed by the crystalline order and the total number of atoms within a nanocrystal.
		Nanocrystals can be used as a building blocks for nanostructured materials ('bottom-up' approach).
	nanoatlas.ifs.hr /nanocrystal.html (227 words)

	Elan Licenses Its NanoCrystal Technology to Roche - News Item
		NanoCrystal technology can improve the bioavailability of drugs by transforming them into nanometer-sized particles that can be used to create more effective and convenient dosage forms such as tablets, capsules, liquids, and powders.
		NanoCrystal technology has the potential to rescue a significant percentage of these chemical compounds.
		The NanoCrystal technology is protected by 85 issued U.S. patents and 48 pending patents.
	www.azonano.com /details.asp?ArticleID=813 (504 words)

	Research News: Sunny Future for Nanocrystal Solar Cells
		These dual nanocrystal solar cells are as cheap and easy to make as solar cells made from organic polymers and offer the added advantage of being stable in air because they contain no organic materials.
		Alivisatos is a leading authority on nanocrystals and a co-author of the Science paper.
		Sintering the nanocrystals was found to significantly enhance the performance of these films.
	www.lbl.gov /Science-Articles/Archive/MSD-nanocrystal-solar-cells.html (1105 words)

	Molecular Torch
		Report: NAND and NOR Nanocrystal Flash Memory, July 2006: "Development effort in Nanocrystal memory cells is ongoing with at least 5 of the top 10 flash memory suppliers as well as in several embedded memory suppliers and a significant number of universities and labs..
		Lanthanide-based nanocrystals have shown great potential to be used as luminescent materials but their biological applications have been limited because most of the nanocrystals synthesized so far are not water soluble or biocompatible.
		Chitosan is found to cap the nanocrystals during the synthesis process, which renders them water soluble and biocompatible, and provides functional groups such as hydroxyl and amino groups for further attachment of biomolecules.
	www.moleculartorch.com (11420 words)

	Organo luminescent semiconductor nanocrystal probes for biological applications and process for making and using such ...
		The compound is linked to an affinity molecule to form a semiconductor nanocrystal probe capable of bonding with a detectable substance.
		Further described are processes for respectively: making the semiconductor nanocrystal compound; making the semiconductor nanocrystal probe; and using the probe to determine the presence of a detectable substance in a material.
		Formation of such core/shell nanocrystals is described more fully in a publication by one of us with others entitled "Epitaxial Growth of Highly Luminescent CdSe/CdS Core/Shell Nanocrystals with Photostability and Electronic Accessibility", by Peng, Schiamp, Kadavanich, and Alivisatos, published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, Volume 119, No. 30.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6699723.html (3956 words)

	Monkeysign » Nanocrystal solar cells — 65% efficiency possible? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		According to the press release accompanying the article, this development could push efficiencies as high as 65% (though no such claim is made in the article itself).
		Nozik theorized that, because of certain fundamental differences between quantum dots and bulk semiconductors, as well as between excitons and electron-hole pairs, impact ionization should be much more effective in nanocrystals.
		Not only that, but it is built on the back of an as-yet unproven nanocrystal technology — if the underlying technology never gets out of the laboratory, neither will this one unless it can be adapted to other quantum dot processes.
	blog.monkeysign.net /monkeysign/2005/05/nanocrystal_sol.html (1107 words)

	Laser Focus World - Nanocrystal research targets optoelectronic components (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Luminescence in nanocrystals is observed to be blue-shifted in proportion to size and generally more efficient than luminescence in bulk materials.
		In an excited semiconductor nanocrystal, both the electron and the hole are spatially confined and are thus at higher potential energy levels than they would be in bulk crystalline material.
		In the case of silicon nanocrystals, excitonic luminescence can easily be observed at room temperature in the near-IR (approximately 700 to 800 nm) that is hundreds of times brighter than the approximately 1100-nm-wavelength bulk luminescence at cryogenic temperatures.
	lfw.pennnet.com /articles/article_display.cfm?Section=ARCHI&C=Feat&ARTICLE_ID=212430 (1993 words)

	Report: NAND and NOR Nanocrystal Flash Memory, July 2006
		Development effort in Nanocrystal memory cells is ongoing with at least 5 of the top 10 flash memory suppliers as well as in several embedded memory suppliers and a significant number of universities and labs..
		Nanocrystal storage is being forecast by some as a technology for the 45 nm technology node or beyond as an extension of the floating gate or trapping site storage flash memories.
		Current effort can be found in metal nanocrystals, high-k dielectric constant oxide replacement materials, and in novel vertical gate devices using nanocrystals.
	www.memorystrategies.com /report/focused/nanocrystal.htm (338 words)

	Pumping energy to nanocrystals from a quantum well \| The Newsbulletin \| June 10, 2004
		The released energy is non-radiatively transferred to the nanocrystal quantum dots - shown as red spheres at the top of the system.
		The nanocrystal quantum dots (red spheres) are covered by the stabilizing layer of organic molecules shown in the image as white "cones." The transferred energy is released as optical radiation, indicated by the red glow.
		The nanocrystal quantum dot research is funded by DOE's Office of Basics Energy Sciences, the Laboratory's Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT) and by the Los Alamos Laboratory-Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program.
	www.lanl.gov /orgs/pa/newsbulletin/2004/06/10/text02.shtml (668 words)

	Available Technologies: Controlled Assembly of Nanocrystal/Organic Composites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Top view of a Berkeley Lab composite film, in which nanocrystals are partially embedded in a polymer matrix with a high degree of dispersion.
		In the Berkeley Lab approach, the nanocrystals may be fully stripped of surfactant and the films still display optimal dispersion.
		A variety of nanocrystals, organic matrices, and substrates can be used and the nanocrystals can be of any shape.
	www.lbl.gov /Tech-Transfer/techs/lbnl1941.html (283 words)

	Abbott ordains Elan to marry Tricor and Crestor
		Elan's NanoCrystal technology can be utilised in a combination product to optimise bioavailability and absorption in patients, particularly of poorly water-soluble compounds, making it an attractive choice for Abbott and AstraZeneca, whose Tricor and Crestor respectively both treat adults with high cholesterol.
		This is accomplished with NanoCrystal particles, which are typically less than 1,000 nanometres in diameter and are produced by milling the drug substance using Elan's wet-milling technique.
		The NanoCrystal particles of the drug are stabilized against agglomeration by surface adsorption of selected GRAS (Generally Regarded As Safe) stabilisers, so the result is an aqueous dispersion of the drug substance that behaves like a solution, a NanoCrystal colloidal dispersion, which can be processed into finished dosage forms for all routes of administration.
	www.drugresearcher.com /news/ng.asp?n=68996-abbott-elan-nanocrystal-tricor-crestor (851 words)

	Electricity controls nanocrystal shape
		Their findings, published in the March 3 edition of the Journal of the American Chemical Society, provide a practical method of generating large quantities of architecture-controlled nanocrystals, such as superconductors, ferromagnets and noble metals.
		Traditional methods of fabricating nanocrystals involve rapidly injecting chemicals into a heated solution at high temperatures.
		With large quantities of these nanocrystals in hand, scientists are exploring their unique physical and chemical properties.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-03/dnl-ecn031704.php (585 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		QL 139 NanoCrystal (Tranquility of the Vale) (35)
		QL 139 NanoCrystal (Tranquility of the Vale) (38)
		QL 129 NanoCrystal (Talon of the Roc) (07)
	webpages.charter.net /dhubach/nanos.html (5303 words)

	Colloidal nanocrystal synthesis and the organic-inorganic interface
		Colloidal nanocrystals are nanometer-sized, solution-grown inorganic particles stabilized by a layer of surfactants attached to their surface.
		The inorganic cores exhibit useful properties controlled by composition as well as size and shape, while the surfactant coating ensures that these structures are easy to fabricate and process.
		It is this combination of features that makes colloidal nanocrystals attractive and promising building blocks for advanced materials and devices.
	repositories.cdlib.org /lbnl/LBNL-57729 (156 words)

	R. L. Whetten Group
		The main focus of the group deals with the synthesis and characterization of nanometer scale crystalline molecules (nanocrystals), and highly oriented molecular (Au, Ag) nanocrystalline arrays.
		Research into the properties of nanometer-scale single crystallites has recently matured into a field that is both fundamental and wide-ranging, although a major source of motivation arises from natural phenomena and from technological questions concerning ultimate limits on the miniaturization of solid-state device elements.
		The electronic, optical and magnetic properties of nanocrystals are modified from those of extended solids by the quantum size effects, which arise from the discreteness of the energy level structure and finiteness of the number of electrons within a band.
	www.physics.gatech.edu /research/whetten (1181 words)

	Biospace.com
		NanoCrystal technology may enhance the clinical performance of poorly water-soluble drugs by transforming them into nanometer-sized particles.
		More information about Elan's NanoCrystal technology is available at www.nanocrystal.com.
		Elan Pharma International Ltd. is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Elan Corporation, plc, which is a neuroscience-based biotechnology company that is focused on discovering, developing, manufacturing and marketing advanced therapies in neurology, autoimmune diseases, and severe pain.
	www.biospace.com /news_story.aspx?StoryID=15815420&full=1 (520 words)

	Elan and EntreMed Execute License Agreement for Proprietary NanoCrystal(R) Technology
		Under the terms of the License Agreement, Elan is eligible to receive payments upon the achievement of certain clinical, manufacturing, and regulatory milestones.
		Elan's NanoCrystal Technology is part of a suite of technologies which Elan's Drug Technologies business offers to third party clients.
		Panzem(R) Nanocrystal Colloidal Dispersion (Panzem(R) NCD), an oral liquid formulation, has been shown in pre-clinical studies to significantly increase the drug's bioavailability, which is expected to result in enhanced drug levels of 2ME2 in patients.
	www.prnewswire.com /cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/01-10-2006/0004245764&EDATE= (931 words)

	The Krauss Group: Research: Single PbSe Nanocrystal Spectroscopy
		Ensemble measurements of nanocrystals are broadened due to a distribution in particle size and limit the information obtainable about nanocrystal properties.
		By investigating single nanocrystals, insights into their photophysics have been achieved and new material properties have been observed, such as narrow emission linewidths and a "blinking" behavior of the photoluminescence.
		Optical microscopy of single lead salt nanocrystals can provide new understanding of fundamental nanocrystal physics and will have implications for the use of these materials in future technological applications.
	www.chem.rochester.edu /~krauss/research/jeff.htm (159 words)

	Services (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Nanocrystal Technology Ltd. Partnership (NCT) is the first to accomplish the confinement of a single atom (a "Quantum Confined Atom - QCA") within a nanocrystal cage of size between 2 to 10 nanometers.
		In 1993, Dr Rameshwar Bhargava, based on his early experiments, postulated that confinement of a single atom (ion) will result in a dramatic non-linear enhancement of the luminescent properties of a single atom.
		It will result in novel optical and magnetic devices, and is expected to become a formidable branch of nanotechnology.
	www.nanocrystals.com /NTC.html (170 words)

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