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Topic: Nanocrystalline silicon

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	Amorphous silicon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Silicon is normally tetrahedrally bonded to four neighboring silicon atoms.
		Amorphous silicon is used as the active layer in thin-film transistors (TFTs) which are most widely used in large-area electronics applications, mainly for liquid-crystal displays (LCDs).
		Amorphous silicon is receiving much more attention at the present time because of the potential for roll-to-roll processing, whereby circuits are literally printed onto long sheets of plastic or metal foils.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hydrogenated_amorphous_silicon (394 words)

	nanocrystalline silicon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si) is similar to amorphous silicon (a-Si), in that it has an amorphous phase.
		This is in contrast to polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) which consists solely of crystalline silicon grains, separated by grain boundaries.
		One of the most important advantages of nanocrystalline silicon, however, is that it has increased stability over a-Si, one of the reasons being because of its lower hydrogen concentration.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Nanocrystalline_silicon.html (285 words)

	Smallest silicon particles light way for new sensors, materials
		Nanocrystalline silicon gets its name from nanometer, which is one-billionth of a meter, or about 100,000 times smaller than the width of a human hair.
		Using white light of moderate intensity from a tungsten source, Buriak and her team created excitons in the laboratory by exposing wafers made of nanocrystalline silicon to the light for 30 to 60 minutes in the presence of alkenes or alkynes, chemicals compounds that contain hydrogen and carbon.
		Her research group is now looking at ways to use the light-promoted reaction to stabilize and tailor nanocrystalline silicon to develop nano-scale structures such as wires and flat sheets.
	news.uns.purdue.edu /UNS/html4ever/010924.Buriak.nanocrystal.html (1132 words)

	United States Patent: 6,574,144 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The memory cells are described as floating gate transistors wherein the floating gate is fabricated using a conductive layer of nanocrystalline silicon particles.
		The nanocrystalline silicon particles are in contact such that a charge stored on the floating gate is shared between the particles.
		These nanocrystalline silicon films are quite conductive even when intrinsic and can be made more conductive by the appropriate doping as is done with larger grain polysilicon films currently used as the gate structure in flash memories.
	web.engr.oregonstate.edu /~flf/6574144.html (4821 words)

	Research News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Although porous silicon is identical in makeup to the silicon used in many microelectronics and computing applications, its surface contains tiny pores through which some forms of the material can absorb and emit light.
		Using white light of moderate intensity from a tungsten source, Buriak and her team created excitons by exposing wafers made of nanocrystalline silicon to the light for 3060 min in the presence of alkenes or alkynes.
		In this highly reactive state, the nanocrystalline silicon reacts with the compounds to create a carbonsilicon bond that produces a stabilizing coat.
	www.mrs.org /publications/bulletin/researchnews/dec01/05.html (288 words)

	Nanocrystalline silicon shapes up (July 2002) - News - nanotechweb.org
		Silicon has been used to make electronic components and displays for over 30 years, but scientists have never fully understood how the element switches between its amorphous and nanocrystalline forms during manufacture.
		Sheets of amorphous silicon are easier and cheaper to make than nanocrystalline silicon, so this form is widely used for applications where large areas of silicon are needed, including displays and solar cells.
		When they compared scanning electron micrographs of the silicon deposits with the simulation, they found that the results were very similar, supporting their theory.
	www.nanotechweb.org /articles/news/1/7/6/1 (497 words)

	Smallest Silicon Particles Light Way For New Sensors, Materials (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Porous Silicon Lights Way For New Analytical Devices (May 21, 1999) -- Porous silicon, a roughed-up version of the material that paved the way for the computer industry, is now smoothing the way for new types of chemical and medical analyses, including...
		Silicon Solution Could Lead To A Truly Long-life Battery (May 12, 2005) -- Using some of the same manufacturing techniques that produce microchips, researchers have created a porous-silicon diode that may lead to improved betavoltaics.
		Silicon Solution Could Lead To A Truly Long-life Battery (May 28, 2005) -- Using some of the same manufacturing techniques that produce microchips, researchers have created a porous-silicon diode that may lead to improved betavoltaics.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2001/09/010926065805.htm (1165 words)

	Nanocrystalline silicon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This is in contrast to polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) which consists solely of crystalline silicon grains, separated bygrain boundaries.
		One of the most importantadvantages of nanocrystalline silicon, however, is that it has increased stability over a-Si, one of the reasons being because ofits lower hydrogen concentration.
		Although it currently cannot attain the mobility that poly-Si can, it has the advantage overpoly-Si that it is easier to fabricate, as it can be deposited using conventional low temperature a-Si deposition techniques,such as PECVD, as opposed to laser annealing orhigh temperature processes, in the case of poly-Si.
	www.therfcc.org /nanocrystalline-silicon-147544.html (230 words)

	May 2003 JMR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Diamond composites with nanocrystalline cubic silicon carbide bonding were sintered from diamond/amorphous silicon mixtures under high pressure and high temperature (p = 5 GPa and temperatures up to 1673 K).
		This was followed by the formation of nanocrystalline silicon carbide from the reaction between the silicon and diamond after silicon melting.
		Refinement of the x-ray diffraction patterns of composites with the Rietveld method revealed that considerable microstrain (0.3-0.5%) remained within the nanocrystalline silicon carbide grains.
	www.mrs.org /publications/jmr/jmra/2003/may/022.html (202 words)

	First light for pure silicon (May 2003) - News - PhysicsWeb
		Silicon dominates the microelectronics industry but it is not used in optoelectronics applications because it is believed that it does not emit light efficiently.
		Previous research on improving silicon light emission has focused on porous silicon, nanocrystalline silicon and silicon doped with rare-earth metals such as erbium and cerium.
		The internal light efficiency is the ratio of the number of photons that are spontaneously emitted inside the sample and the total internal recombination rate per unit area.
	physicsweb.org /article/news/7/5/6 (365 words)

	United States Patent: 6,300,193 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The method of claim 1 wherein fabricating a floating gate comprising a conductive film of nanocrystalline silicon particles comprises a conductive film of nanocrystalline silicon particles embedded in the first insulating layer.
		The primary advantage of a nanocrystalline film floating gate is that these nanoscale particles have a larger bandgap than bulk silicon due to confinement in the small particles.
		Using these silicon nanocrystals in a conductive film is distinctly different than other techniques of using isolated silicon nanocrystals to observe trapping of single electrons on these isolated crystals, as described above.
	web.engr.oregonstate.edu /~flf/6300193.html (4395 words)

	C&EN: TODAY'S HEADLINES - NANOCRYSTALLINE SILICON
		Procedures for converting the disordered form to nanocrystalline forms are known, yet the techniques are not applicable to some technologies, and the mechanism governing the transition has remained the subject of debate for some 30 years.
		Thin-film transistors used in liquid-crystal displays also benefit from nanocrystalline Si, but for that application the material is prepared via laser methods.
		Exposing amorphous silicon (left) to H atoms causes structural rearrangements, indicated by arrows, that reduce bond strain (red and blue lines) and lead to nanoscale crystallization (middle).
	pubs.acs.org /cen/topstory/8027/8027notw2.html (302 words)

	cell nanocrystalline solar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		are investigating mixed-phase solar cell materials -- a mixture of clusters of nanocrystalline silicon embedded in an...
		are investigating mixed-phase solar cell materials - a mixture of clusters of nanocrystalline silicon embedded in an amorphous...
		a mixture of clusters of nanocrystalline silicon embedded in an...
	www.greenhouse-supplies.com /solar/cell-nanocrystalline-solar.html (2272 words)

	Nanocrystalline silicon - Definition up Erdmond.Com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		silicon (nc-Si) is similar to amorphous_silicon (a-Si), in that it has an amorphous phase.
		This is in contrast to polycrystalline_silicon (poly-Si) which consists solely of crystalline silicon grains, separated by grain boundaries.
		It also shows increased absorption in the red and infrared wavelengths, which make it an important material for use in a-Si solar_cells.
	www.erdmond.com /Nanocrystalline_silicon.html (281 words)

	Silicate mystery cleared up (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Silicon in nanocrystalline materials could play a role in the nuclear industry
		Australian researchers have shed light on the role of silicon in nanocrystalline materials that can selectively extract ions from radioactive waste.
		Using a series of diffraction, NMR and thermogravimetric experiments, Luca’s team found that antimony pyrochlores doped with silicate contain silicon, not in lattice sites or on the surface of the nanoparticles, but in the hexagonal tunnels in the pyrochlore structure.
	chemistry.rsc.org /Publishing/ChemTech/Volume/2005/2/CY0050200T6b.asp (235 words)

	EETimes.com - Litho process hardens porous silicon
		The discovery of porous silicon's light-absorbing and -emitting properties prompted researchers to attempt to use light to internally transmit data inside chips, instead of encoding data in electron streams or depending on external gallium arsenide chips to translate electricity into light.
		However, porous silicon proved to be too unstable to be commercialized, since many normal environmental chemicals — such as oxygen and humidity — corrode the porous silicon, thereby nixing its light-absorption and -emitting capabilities.
		In the lab, Buriak demonstrated how the porous silicon chips can be patterned into defined areas that prompt specific chemical reactions on different parts of the chip, enabling the integration of light-emitting devices on silicon chips for applications in optoelectronics and bioanalysis.
	www.eetimes.com /story/OEG20011015S0066 (999 words)

	Title page for ETD etd-11222004-115911
		The mechanism of the CTR reaction in the current system was investigated from different aspects.
		The results supported previous investigations which suggested that the CTR reaction is a multi-step process that involves silicon monoxide (SiO) vapor as a reaction intermediate.
		The kinetics of the CTR reaction was investigated by isothermal weight loss study and by the study which determined the amount of SiC formed via quantitative X- ray diffraction (QXRD) analysis.
	etd.gatech.edu /theses/available/etd-11222004-115911 (226 words)

	Current Projects
		Current effort focuses on housing liver hepatocyte cells in nanocrystalline silicon wafers for artificial liver, tissue-based biosensors, and parmaceutical evaluation and discovery.
		This project is performed in collaboration with the research group of William Trogler in the UCSD Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry.
		This project is performed in collaboration with the research group of Yukiko Goda in the UCSD department of Biology.
	chem-faculty.ucsd.edu /sailor/research/currentProjects.htm (376 words)

	Publications
		``Theory of the Photoluminescence Spectra of Porous Silicon", George C. John and Vijay A. Singh, Phys.
		``Radiative Processes in Nanocrystalline Silicon", Vijay A. Singh and G.C. John, in Physics of Semiconductor Nanostructures, ed.
		``A Phenomenological Study of the Si-H Infrared Spectra in Porous and Amorphous Silicon'', Manish Kapoor and Vijay A. Singh, Mod.
	home.iitk.ac.in /~vsingh/nano/pub_list/pub_list.html (676 words)

	Press Release (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		March 1, 2000, Pittsburgh, PA-Just published the Materials Research Society (MRS), Microcrystalline and Nanocrystalline Semiconductors-1998, the fifth in the series, documents symposium reports from the 1998 MRS Fall Meeting in Boston, MA, and contains 89 papers, 569 pages.
		For example, the electrical, optical and chemical properties may be dominated by surface- and grain-boundary phenomena, and quantization can alter the electronic states.
		Topics include: light emission from nanocrystalline silicon; properties of nanocrystalline semiconductors; synthesis and spectroscopy of nanocrystalline semiconductors; synthesis and properties of microcrystalline and nanocrystalline semiconductors; oxide and chalcogenide semiconductors; and microcrystalline and polycrystalline semiconductors.
	www.mrs.org /press/536.html (243 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Silicon nanocrystals and defects produced by silicon and silicon-and-gold implantation in silica
		Grain-growth kinetics in a nanocrystalline 2 yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals ceramic with a silica-based glassy phase
		Thermal stability of nanocrystalline nickel-18 at.% tungsten alloy investigated with the tomographic atom probe
	www.garfield.library.upenn.edu /histcomp/nano-materials/index-17.html (6288 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Deposition of nanocrystalline silicon mediated by ultrathin aluminum underlayers by PCVD and sputter-deposition at 500 K
		Applicability of Raman scattering for the characterization of nanocrystalline silicon
		Nanocrystalline Ni-3.6 at.% P and its transformation sequence studied by atom-probe field-ion microscopy
	www.garfield.library.upenn.edu /histcomp/nano-c_combined/index-11.html (6038 words)

	Publications
		Gate dielectrics for thin film transistors of nanocrystalline silicon deposited at 150°C
		Nanocrystalline Silicon Thin Film Transistors With 50-nm Thick Deposited Channel Layer, 10 cm
		Thermal oxide of polycrystalline silicon on steel foil as a thin-film transistor gate dielectric
	www.princeton.edu /~wagner/publications.htm (941 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		MAGNETOSTRICTION AND ITS TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE IN FECUNBSIB NANOCRYSTALLINE ALLOY
		The luminescence of nanocrystalline ZnO particles: the mechanism of the ultraviolet and visible emission
		Vasilevskaya TN; Zakharchenya RI Structure of nanocrystalline gamma-modification of aluminum dioxide alloyed with chromium (gamma-Al2O3:Cr) cations according to the scattering data of X-rays at low and medium angles
	garfield.library.upenn.edu /histcomp/nano-materials/index-aus-15.html (5359 words)

	Find in a Library: Amorphous and nanocrystalline silicon-based films--2003 Symposium held April 22-25, 2003, San ...
		Find in a Library: Amorphous and nanocrystalline silicon-based films--2003 Symposium held April 22-25, 2003, San Francisco, California, U.S.A. Search:
		Amorphous and nanocrystalline silicon-based films--2003 Symposium held April 22-25, 2003, San Francisco, California, U.S.A. by John Robert Abelson
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/f44d023510b10202a19afeb4da09e526.html (81 words)

	University of Florida - Materials Science&Engineering
		30) Elastic Softening in Nanocrystalline Silicon, S. Phillpot, D. Wolf and J. Lutsko, MRS Symposium Proceeding, 153, 33-38 (1989).
		76) Amorphous Structure of Grain Boundaries and Grain Junctions in Nanocrystalline Silicon by Molecular -Dynamics Simulation, P. Keblinski, S. Phillpot, D. Wolf and H. Gleiter, Acta Materialia 45, 987-998 (1997).
		7) Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Materials by Atomistic Simulation, MRS Symposium on Nanocrystalline Materials, Boston MA, Dec 1996.
	phillpot.mse.ufl.edu /people/publications.html (4848 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Nanocrystalline Pt thin films, obtained via metal organic chemical vapor deposition on quartz and CaF2 substrates: an investigation of their chemico-physical properties
		Synthesis and characterization of submicrospherical silica particles uniformly coated with nanocrystalline yttria stabilized zirconia
		Synthesis of nanocrystalline MoSe2 by sonochemical reaction of Se with Mo(CO)(6)
	www.garfield.library.upenn.edu /histcomp/nano-c_combined/index-lcs-20.html (6380 words)

	Szlufarska, Izabela (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Crossover of indentation response in nanocrystalline silicon carbide: multimillion-atom molecular dynamics simulations, I.
		A crossover in the mechanical response of nanocrystalline ceramics, I.
		A Molecular Dynamics Study of Nanoindentation of Amorphous Silicon Carbide, I.
	www.engr.wisc.edu /mse/faculty/szlufarska_izabela.html (362 words)

	MRS Online Publications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Optical and Structural Characterization of Nanocrystalline Silicon Superlattices:
		Impact of Erbium-Doped Silicon Nanocrystals on the Properties of Polyphenylene
		Silicon Dioxide Layers: A Promising Approach for a
	www.mrs.org /publications/epubs/proceedings/fall2000/f (1580 words)

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