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Topic: Nanoparticle

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	NIOSH Topic : Nanotechnology : Nanoparticle Information Library (NIL) : About \| CDC/NIOSH
		Information concerning nanoparticles to which workers may be exposed, including the associated physical and chemical characteristics of those particles, is of major interest to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
		The Nanoparticle Information Library (NIL) was developed as part of the new NIOSH research focus on nanotechnology and occupational health.
		It is expected to positively impact the course of future research, especially in regard to the health and safety of workers.
	www.cdc.gov /niosh/topics/nanotech/NIL.html (369 words)

	Nanoparticle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nanoparticles are of great scientific interest as they are effectively a bridge between bulk materials and atomic or molecular structures.
		The interesting and sometimes unexpected properties of nanoparticles is partly due to the aspects of the surface of the material dominating the properties in lieu of the bulk properties.
		Suspensions of nanoparticles are possible because the interaction of the particle surface with the solvent is strong enough to overcome differences in density which usually result in a material either sinking or floating in a liquid.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nanoparticle (565 words)

	Encyclopedia: Nanoparticle
		The integration of the noble-metallic nanoparticle reagent, an effective enhancer for the fluorescence signal, with the fluorophore mediated sensors has enabled to lower the detection limit significantly.
		The transferring of the lone pair electrons in the fluorophore normally used for self-quenching to the metallic nanoparticle was demonstrated to enhance the emission fluorescence.
		Metallic nanoparticle reagent (MNPR) was studied in the cardiac marker biosensors for rapid heart attack diagnosis and prognosis.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Nanoparticle (1158 words)

	Daniel L. Feldheim: Optical and electronic properties of metal nanoparticle arrays (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		First, metal nanoparticle aggregates display rich optical behaviors that are distinctly different from a corresponding collection of individual particles or the extended solid.
		Indeed, nanoparticle linear and nonlinear optical properties, hyperpolarizabilities, and electric field enhancement factors have been found to depend strongly on these parameters.
		In this respect, metal nanoparticles are potentially powerful minimum electronic device components because their surfaces can be modified using a number of well developed and relatively routine chemical attachment strategies.
	www.ncsu.edu /chemistry/dlf/opticalprop.html (575 words)

	Plasmon Nanoparticle Research
		PRPs are metallic (silver or gold) nanoparticles, typically 40–100 nm in diameter, which scatter optical light elastically with remarkable efficiency because of a collective resonance of the conduction electrons in the metal (i.e., the surface plasmon resonance).
		The scattered light signal from the nanoparticles is collected by the optical microscope and passed either to an imaging CCD detector, or to a spectrometer.
		We have characterized a number of nanoparticles shapes and sizes including both Au and Ag spheres, Ag tetrahedrons and pentagons, and homogeneous and composite nanorods of Au, Ag and Ni (publications).
	physics.ucsd.edu /~drs/plasmon_research_home.htm (691 words)

	UMHS Press Release: Nanoparticles transport cancer-killing drug into tumor cells
		Nanoparticle treatment also proved to be far less toxic to mice in the study than the anticancer drug alone.
		Before they began to study the effects of targeted nanoparticle therapy on cancer, U-M scientists injected dendrimers with fluorescent tags into the bloodstream of laboratory mice to determine where they would be retained in the body.
		The nanoparticles did not appear to generate an immune response in mice in the study.
	www.med.umich.edu /opm/newspage/2005/nanoparticles.htm (1166 words)

	BFRL: NANOPARTICLE DISPERSION
		Also, these nanoparticles would likely enhance the stiffness and toughness of polymeric materials, for example, in applications in which mar resistance is important.
		In this research, dispersion techniques and measurement methods related to the use of semiconductor nanoparticles in polymeric building materials will be developed using a combination of light and neutron scattering metrologies.
		Because of the effects, both beneficial and detrimental, that nanoparticles can have on material performance, bulk and nanoscale testing will be used to evaluate mechanical and optical properties as a function of dispersion.
	www.bfrl.nist.gov /nanoscience/BFRL_Nanoparticles.htm (368 words)

	Spin-on Nanoparticle Tin Oxide
		Nanoparticle films were produced by spin-coating a colloidal suspension of Sb-doped tin oxide onto a microhotplate.
		The motivation of these experiments is to test the compatibility of spin-on nanoparticle sensing films with microhotplate sensor technology, to assess the sensitivity, reproducibility, and stability of the films, and to characterize the temperature programmed sensing (TPS) response in different gas environments.
		The nanoparticle film is produced by spinning on a colloidal dispersion of 10 nm antimony-doped tin oxide (15 percent) particles in water obtained from Alfa Aesar[4,5].
	www.cstl.nist.gov /div836/836.04/SensorProj/nanoparticles.html (807 words)

	UB Reporter: UB scientists develop non-release nanoparticle to deliver photodynamic cancer therapy
		A key feature of the nanoparticle developed at UB, which measures about 35 nanometers, is the size of its pores, which the UB scientists designed to range between just.5 and 1.0 nanometers.
		That's critical because when laser light activates the photosensitizing drugs inside the nanoparticle, the drugs pass on the excess energy to molecular oxygen, converting it to singlet oxygen, which is highly toxic to cells.
		The ceramic-based nanoparticle is a member of a new class of materials known as Organically Modified Silica—or ORMOSIL—known for their extreme stability.
	www.buffalo.edu /reporter/vol34/vol34n32/articles/PrasadRoy.html (492 words)

	Scientists strike gold in nanoparticle research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		In drug discovery, gold nanoparticles are attracting interest because they have been shown to enhance the native signals of chemical constituents in cells, and can be designed to detect conformation changes in proteins.
		Meanwhile, for drug delivery, gold nanoparticles are being used to deliver protein-based drugs, and are of particular utility because the particles can carry multiple active groups.
		One of the keys to understanding the size-dependent properties and applications of nanoparticles is generating libraries of particles with different sizes for physical study.
	www.drugresearcher.com /news/news-ng.asp?n=62352-nanoparticles-drug-delivery-nanomaterials (462 words)

	Nanoparticle Symposium May 2003/ Abstracts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Gold nanoparticles labels have gained considerable interests in the development of ligand-binding assays (immunoassays, hybridization tests) because many analytical methods are suitable for their quantitative detection, e.g., colorimetric absorption spectrophotometry, microgravimetry, scanning force microscopy, surface plasmon resonance...
		It has been demonstrated [1], that single domain magnetic nanoparticles can be used as magnetic labels for the detection of the binding of antibodies by measuring the relaxation of their magnetization after switching off a magnetizing field, a method that is also called magnetorelaxometry (MRX).
		For magnetic nanoparticles optimally adapted for Néel relaxation, equation (1) is a stringent condition since real ferrofluids consist of a mixture of particles having a size distribution as well as an anisotropy distribution.
	www.ipht-jena.de /BEREICH_3/molnano/nanoparticles2003/abstract.html (7153 words)

	News: Nanoparticle to be used in trial treating advanced solid cancers - myDNA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Once inside, the nanoparticle, which the researchers call a "immunolipoplex," will deliver its payload - the p53 gene whose protein helps to signal cells to self-destruct when they have the kind of genetic damage characterized by cancer and by cancer therapies.
		They also say that the nanoparticle is of a small uniform size and consistency, and has been proven to work in animals bearing tumor.
		Similar promising results were seen when the nanoparticles were combined with chemotherapy to treat animal models of melanoma and aggressive breast cancer.
	www.mydna.com /resources/news/200508/news_20050824_nanopa.html (730 words)

	Requicha: Nanoparticle Manipulation by Mechanical Pushing
		Patterns of colloidal nanoparticles can be constructed by SPM manipulation, and have several potential applications that are worth investigating.
		It also shows that nanoparticle manipulation operations can be executed reliably with an AFM in ambient conditions, and can be monitored in real time, by using the strategies and special-purpose control software we have developed.
		Our experiments show that gold nanoparticles manipulated with an AFM on a mica surface are mechanically pushed by the repulsive forces between tip and particle.
	www.foresight.org /Conferences/MNT6/Abstracts/Requicha/index.html (802 words)

	Silicon nanoparticle microcrystal nonlinear optical devices - Patent 6456423
		a silicon nanoparticle microcrystal, said microcrystal emitting a beam of the second harmonic of incident radiation beam when the incident radiation beam is in a range of incident radiation having a wavelength from about 600-1000 nm, and emitting another beam up shifted from a frequency of the second harmonic of incident radiation.
		Silicon nanoparticles are formed by slowly advancing the wafer in the etchent at a (.about.1 mm per hour) to produce a large meniscus-like area.
		The optical nonlinearity of the silicon nanoparticle microcrystals is suitable in applications to measure external electric fields in general and fields within the body of microelectronics and power microelectronics devices.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6456423.html (6018 words)

	Laser Controls Nanoparticle Growth - May, 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		The researchers believe that the size, shape and spatial distribution of the particles also can be controlled by changing deposition conditions, such as the atomic beam flux and the substrate temperature, and by changing the laser excitation parameters, such as wavelength and power.
		For example, the latter tends to produce nanoparticles of varying diameters, which obscures the size-dependent properties that are essential to many applications.
		The manipulation of the shape, size or size distribution of nanoparticles has been demonstrated before, but it has required high-power lasers and typically is performed after the particles have been formed.
	www.photonics.com /spectra/research/read.asp?preaid=51 (609 words)

	Nanoparticles Technology,nanopowder,Pacific Nanotechnology,Nanotechnology,probe microscopy
		An Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) allows you to directly visualize the three dimensional topography of nanoparticles, as well as to measure nanoparticle size and volume distributions.
		The main objective of this paper is to focus on AFM nanoparticle analysis data interpretation.
		Nanoflat substrates are specially prepared for the attachment/fixing of many sizes and shapes of nanoparticles, in order to image these particle dispersions with an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM).
	nanoparticles.pacificnano.com (406 words)

	The Change Mariner: New NanoParticle fingerprint technology boosts fight against crime
		Only one billionth of a metre in length, each nanoparticle has a sticky surface which enables it to attach itself tightly to the oily residue left by a fingertip.
		Nanoparticle technology has already been used by "nuisance control" officers to prevent vandals defacing buildings with graffiti.
		There has also been interest from the US where police in Texas and Florida are hoping nanoparticle technology will increase their clear-up rate for all types of crime.
	www.changemariner.com /a/001718.html (335 words)

	Ultrafast Investigations of Desorption at Nanoparticle Surfaces
		We are currently working towards using femtosecond laser pulses to probe the dynamics of photoinduced desorption from supported nanoparticle surfaces.
		We intend to explore this size dependence and its impact on the molecular dynamics at nanoparticle surfaces.
		On nanoparticle surfaces, an increasing band gap with decreasing particle size could extend electron lifetimes at energies in better overlap with a fixed p* orbital.
	www.chemistry.bnl.gov /SciandTech/SCD/ultrafast_investigations_of_deso.htm (674 words)

	IBN Pioneers Breakthrough Method in Nanoparticle Synthesis
		Previous attempts at synthesizing such nanoparticles created particles that were limited in the type of structure, degree of structural ordering and range of pore sizes.
		Nanoparticles of varying size and structure may be created to act as carriers for drugs, genes and proteins.
		In addition, these porous nanoparticles can be used to host quantum dots and magnetic nanoparticles for bioimaging and quantum device applications.
	www.physorg.com /news3346.html (720 words)

	icWales - Nanoparticle inhaler research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		The Welsh School of Pharmacy, at Cardiff University, is developing new nanoparticle formulations for inhalers to improve how proteins - such as insulin - are delivered into the lung.
		Nanoparticles are tiny "vessels", far smaller than a human cell, which are capable of carrying and delivering precise doses of medicines into specific areas of the body.
		Dr Birchall and colleague Dr Glyn Taylor are preparing the drug in a nanoparticle form in a bid to ensure that the correct dose reaches the lungs and the drug retains its stability.
	icwales.icnetwork.co.uk /0100news/0200wales/tm_objectid=15467571%26method=full%26siteid=50082%26headline=nanoparticle%2dinhaler%2dresearch-name_page.html (303 words)

	DNA Nanoparticle Assembly and Diagnostics
		Following capture, silver is plated onto the nanoparticles, bridging the gap between the two electrodes and thus allowing current flow.
		The surface-bound nanoparticle probe-based assay with the chemoresponsive diffraction grating signal transduction scheme results in an experimentally-simple DNA detection protocol, displaying attributes of both detection methodologies - the high sensitivity and selectivity afforded by nanoparticle probes and the experimental simplicity, wavelength-dependent resonant enhancement features, and miniaturization potential provided by the diffraction-based sensing technology.
		Magnetic separation of the complexed probes and target followed by dehybridization of the oligonucleotides on the nanoparticle probe surface allows one to determine the presence of the target protein by identifying the oligonucleotide sequence released from the nanoparticle probe (Figure 3-2).
	www.chem.northwestern.edu /~mkngrp/BioNanomaterials2003rev1.htm (1732 words)

	Nanoparticle cancer-fighter entering clinical trials \| Betterhumans > News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		The first clinical trial of a nanoparticle that restores a tumor-busting gene is expected to start this September.
		Once inside, the nanoparticle, which the researchers call a "immunolipoplex," will deliver its payload—the p53 gene whose protein helps to signal cells to self-destruct when they have the kind of genetic damage characterized by cancer and by cancer therapies.
		The researchers think that that immunolipoplex is an advance over viral vectors used to deliver gene therapy because it doesn’t produce the kinds of immune responses seen with disabled viruses.
	www.betterhumans.com /News/4511/Default.aspx (386 words)

	Hiroshima University Research Center for Nanoparticle Synthesis and Its Application (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Ultrafine particles or nanoparticles (sizes between a few nm to 100 nm) are of interest, because the chemical and physical behavior of the particles are unprecedented and remarkably different from those in bulk form.
		It is well known that using unagglomerated particles with narrow size distribution is the preferred state for applications and technologies, especially for compacting or sintering particles.
		Large number techniques for the preparations of nanoparticles that satisfy this requirement have been developed via gas and liquid phase routes.
	home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp /aerosol/npc/gaiyo-e.html (383 words)

	Novel Therapeutic Advances Utilizing the Nanoparticle Platform (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Nanoparticle technology holds promise as a clinically viable means of achieving drug solubilization, improving drug-to-tumor delivery over currently available delivery vehicles, minimizing drug resistance, and limiting toxicity.
		An albumin-stabilized nanoparticle formulation of paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) was approved in January 2005 by the US Food and Drug Administration, after a Phase III clinical trial demonstrated that nab-paclitaxel was superior to polyethoxylated castor oil–formulated paclitaxel for treatment of metastatic breast cancer.
		Efficacy, tolerability, safety, and cost information about nanoparticle delivery systems will be of broad interest to practitioners involved in the care of patients with cancer.
	www.cecity.com /ce-bin/owa/pkg_disclaimer_html.display?ip_mode=secure&ip_test_id=8667&ip_company_code=AKH&ip_cookie= (817 words)

	PRESS RELEASE Introgen's Nanoparticle Formulation of Mda-7/IL-24 Shows Promise in Preclinical Models of Lung Cancer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		The data reported in the publication are the first to evaluate the anti-cancer effects of delivering the mda-7 gene using the nanoparticle technology.
		These nanoparticles were then assessed for their impact on tumor growth, metastasis, vasculature and programmed cell death in mice implanted with human or mouse lung tumors.
		The mda-7 gene was discovered by the laboratory of Dr. Paul B. Fisher, professor of clinical pathology and the Michael and Stella Chernow Urological Cancer Research Scientist in the Departments of Neurological Surgery, Pathology and Urology at Columbia University.
	www.marketwire.com /mw/release_html_b1?release_id=82811 (738 words)

	Dan Feldheim: Nanoparticle Electronics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		However, before their full potential as nanoscale devices can be realized, the role of surface-bound organic capping ligands in determining basic electron transport characteristics of nanoparticles must be understood fully.
		Future work will continue to assess the sensitivity of electron transport in nanoscale systems to chemical events which occur either on the nanoparticle surface (see figure at top left) or in close proximity to the nanoparticle (top right).
		In the short term, we are interested in defining the reproducibility in device characteristics and studying the effects of molecule—receptor interactions on electron transport in metal nanoparticles.
	www.ncsu.edu /chemistry/dlf/nanoparticle.html (355 words)

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