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Topic: Nanoprobe

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	Nanoprobe - Memory Alpha, the Star Trek Wiki
		Nanoprobes are microscopic robotic devices designed by the Borg for the primary purpose of assimilation.
		Nanoprobes can also be modified to attack specific cells which contain a virus or some other disease and so help the patient recover.
		In 2375, Seven of Nine encoded some of her nanoprobes to assimilate the synthehol molecules in Kadi Ambassador Tomin's bloodstream, allowing him to recover from his intoxication in time to return to his people.
	memory-alpha.org /en/wiki/Nanoprobe (327 words)

	GRC \| 's NanoProbe Technology
		Beyond this, the NanoProbe Technology is a prerequisite for the deployment of many other related GRC initiatives such as the Spoofarino end-user source IP spoofing test, and several future editions of the LeakTest personal firewall testing tool.
		Our NanoProbe Technology employs its "bit-level" hand crafted NanoProbe generation capability to launch IP packets carrying source IP addresses which are both deliberately known, and unknown, to the host's protective firewall and/or NAT router.
		The NanoProbe Technology, which operates by creating and maintaining an active connection to the probe target throughout the testing, renders this new system absolutely spoof proof through the use of the RSVP Agent system.
	www.grc.com /np/np.htm (2297 words)

	Cornell News: Nanoprobe STMs
		They have built and tested an array of microscopic STM "nanoprobes" manufactured on the surface of an ordinary silicon chip.
		In the Cornell nanoprobe array, the needles and the structures that move them up and down are tiny "nanomachines" manufactured on the surface of a silicon chip.
		Nanoprobe arrays could store data by depositing small bumps made up of a few atoms -- or perhaps even single atoms -- on a surface to represent binary bits.
	www.news.cornell.edu /releases/March98/nanoprobe.bs.html (1054 words)

	Theories
		This nanoprobe would be be about the size of the head of a pen.
		The purposes of a nanoprobe would be to complete minute changes in hardwear that would be too small for human hands or tools to correct.
		The nanoprobes not only can either activate or apply the catalyst to activate alien DNA, but they can also be used to bridge the computer to the human cells and act as a translator to bridge the computer programing to the human programing.
	www.angelfire.com /sc2/PSIGUFO/nanoprobe.html (718 words)

	Nanoprobes uses nanaotech for nano discovery, nano enhancement, & nano repair
		The nanoprobe process is an ultra-sensitive detection tool, allowing direct analysis of samples for a wide variety of applications.
		As a part of the emerging science of nanotechnology, nanoprobes are ripe with promise for detection and in coming years - enhancement and/or repair.
		Nanoprobe depected in the future, traveling among red blood cells.
	www.nanoprobes.net (277 words)

	Argonne Center for Nanoscale Materials: X-Ray Microscopy
		The nanoprobe being built for the Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM) will advance the state of the art by providing a hard X-ray microscopy beamline with the highest spatial resolution in the world.
		The nanoprobe will cover the spectral range of 3-30 keV, and the working distance between the focusing optics and the sample will typically be in the range of 10-20 mm.
		In summary, a hard X-ray nanoprobe provides advantages such as being noninvasive and quantitative, requiring minimal sample preparation, giving suboptical spatial resolution, having the ability to penetrate inside a sample and study its internal structure, and having enhanced ability to study processes in situ.
	nano.anl.gov /research/nanoprobe.html (581 words)

	Nanoprobes uses nanaotech for nano discovery, nano enhancement, & nano repair
		The nanoprobe process is an ultra-sensitive detection tool, allowing direct analysis of samples for a wide variety of applications.
		As a part of the emerging science of nanotechnology, nanoprobes are ripe with promise for detection and in coming years - enhancement and/or repair.
		Nanoprobe depected in the future, traveling among red blood cells.
	www.nanoprobes.net /index.html (277 words)

	World’s Most Precise 'Hard X-Ray' Nanoprobe Activated (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Marking a major step forward in using X-rays to study some of the smallest phenomena in nature, the world’s first “hard X-ray” nanoprobe beamline was activated on March 15, 2005.
		The unique nanoprobe is one of the featured instruments at the new Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM), a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) user facility at Argonne National Laboratory.
		CNM researchers expect to soon be using the X-ray nanoprobe to study individual atoms, molecules, and the unique physical interactions that occur at the nanoscale, where features are measured in nanometers.
	www.physorg.com /news4169.html (447 words)

	ORNL nanoprobe creates world of new possibilities
		ORNL's nanoprobe, which is based on a light scattering technique, can detect and analyze chemicals, explosives, drugs and more at a theoretical single-molecule level.
		With the SERS nanoprobe, the laser light creates rapid oscillations of the electrons in the silver nanoparticles, which produce an enormous electromagnetic field that contributes to increase the Raman scattering signal.
		This may consist of physically removing the sample and diluting it in a liquid containing silver nanoparticles; however, this practice is unnecessary with the ORNL nanoprobe.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-07/drnl-onc071404.php (438 words)

	Multipoint nanoprobe
		The nanoprobe as recited in claim 1, wherein the conductive lines each have a thickness and a width, which are 300 nm, or less.
		The nanoprobe as recited in claim 8, wherein the pitch is less than or equal to 600 nm.
		The nanoprobe as recited in claim 10, wherein the conductive lines each have a thickness and a width, which are 300 nm, or less.
	www.newsdrip.com /975/multipoint_nanoprobe_6975124.html (1292 words)

	Michigan Engineering \| CoE and U-M Launch Exploration of Inner Space
		Artist's rendering of nanoprobes studded with molecules that are injected into a cell and bind to ions to reveal the patterns of ion exchange that make the cell function.
		The nanoprobes, small enough to fit inside a cell without interrupting its normal functions, will measure the activity of crucial metal ions like zinc and copper as the cell works.
		Ann Marie Sastry, the project co-leader, and associate professor of mechanical and biomedical engineering, said that modeling the experiment beforehand using simulations developed with Christian Lastoskie, associate professor of civil and environmental engineering, is key in developing a probe that won’t be too aggressive or too passive about capturing ions.
	www.engin.umich.edu /news/nanoprobe (1019 words)

	Optical and MRI multifunctional nanoprobe for targeting gliomas.
		A multifunctional nanoprobe capable of targeting glioma cells, detectable by both magnetic resonance imaging and fluorescence microscopy, was developed.
		The nanoprobe was synthesized by coating iron oxide nanoparticles with covalently bound bifunctional poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) polymer, which were subsequently functionalized with chlorotoxin and the near-infrared fluorescing molecule Cy5.5.
		Such a nanoprobe could potentially be used to image resections of glioma brain tumors in real time and to correlate preoperative diagnostic images with intraoperative pathology at cellular-level resolution.
	braintumors.researchtoday.net /archive/2/6/288.htm (209 words)

	Big project reveals secrets of tiny materials
		Central to the CNM is a hard X-ray nanoprobe beamline at the APS that will be dedicated to nanomaterials research.
		The hard X-ray nanoprobe will have a resolution of 30 nanometers (about 1/2,000 the diameter of a human hair) and will have the highest spatial resolution of any hard X-ray facility in the world.
		DOE approved an Argonne proposal in May 2002 for CNM instrumentation and has added funding for the center and the nanoprobe to the department's fiscal year 2003 budget request.
	www.eurekalert.org /features/doe/2004-12/dnl-bpr031804.php (776 words)

	Vo-Dinh: Advanced Nanosensors and Nanoprobes
		These antibody nanoprobes were prepared from quartz optical fibers which were pulled in a fiber puller to extremely small dimensions (10-100 nm range).
		The optical fiber nanoprobe was mounted on a micropipette holder.
		The nanoprobe was then moved into the cell, inside the cell membrane and extending a short way into the cytoplasm, but care was taken not to penetrate the nuclear envelope.
	www.foresight.org /Conferences/MNT6/Abstracts/Vo-Dinh/index.html (1529 words)

	GRC \| The NanoProbe RSVP Agent Technology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Upon receipt of the client's ACK, the NanoProbe server utilizes the GENESIS technology to cryptographically authenticate the received ACK and, presuming that the ACK is valid, to create an active client connection.
		To exploit the "man in the middle" (MITM) position, and cause the NanoProbe server to test the security of an unsuspecting client, a fake RSVP Agent would be somehow inserted into the network flow so that ALL network traffic flowing to and from the client could be examined and perhaps modified by the MITM.
		This is further complicated by the fact that the NanoProbe server utilizes a new technology called "differential IP analysis" which originates testing packets from multiple IP addresses to analyze the client's responses to IP addresses with which it has no existing relationship.
	www.grc.com /np/rsvptech.htm (2585 words)

	NanoProbe
		NanoProbe's most important assets are its research facilities and design team.
		Nanoprobe does not specialise in individually designed molecules, but can produce small production runs.
		NanoProbe specialises in smaller and less motile Surveillance Drones.
	hjem.get2net.dk /Zacharov/Data0034.html (1351 words)

	March 2004 NSLS-II Workshop: Nanoprobe/Imaging Breakout Session
		Cecilia Sanchez-Hanke welcomed the participants and gave a comprehensive overview of the imaging and nanoprobe sections in the NSLS-II proposal.
		He pointed out the use of KB mirrors to focus the beam to 86 nm (vertical) and 83 nm (horizontal=source size).
		He pointed out that probably will be good to have two beamlines dedicated for nanoprobe, an ID beamline and a BM where with the gain in brightness and flux from NSLS-II will allow to perform a lot of experiments and "screen" the samples.
	www.bnl.gov /nsls2/old_workshops/NSLS-II/summary_nanoprobe.asp (862 words)

	Xradia Announces $2.0M Contract for Hard X-ray Nanoprobe Instrument
		The contract calls for the participation in the design and engineering of a high resolution hard x-ray nanoprobe instrument (NPI) for 30nm high-resolution elemental and structural analysis using scanning probe and full-field transmission x-ray microscopy.
		The NPI will be installed at the Hard X-ray Nanoprobe Beamline at Argonne's Advanced Photon Source (APS) as part of a joint development effort between the CNM and APS.
		High resolution x-ray microscopy is of growing importance for research and industry in such diverse fields as alternative energy, advanced semiconductor development, bio technology and life sciences, advanced materials and nanotechnology.
	www.nsti.org /press/PRshow.html?id=1087 (597 words)

	Duke Comprehensive Cancer Center - Radiation Oncology
		The nanoprobe utilizes the specificity and selectivity of the DNA hairpin probe sequence to detect a specific target DNA sequence of interest.
		Upon hybridization of a complementary target DNA sequence to the nanoprobe, the stem-loop configuration is disrupted, causing the Raman label to physically separate from the metal nanoparticle, thus quenching the SERS signal.
		The usefulness and potential application of the plasmonics nanoprobe for diagnosis is demonstrated using the gag gene sequence of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1).
	cancer.duke.edu /modules/RadOnc9/members.php?action=abstract&id=50144&LName=&PE_iID=836988 (270 words)

	GRC \| Steve Gibson's WebZone: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A consequence of the NanoProbe RSVP Agent technology (see next item) is the need to open a server to the Internet to accept inbound RSVP client-authentication connections.
		As required for many of the things I have planned for GRC (LeakTest v2, NanoProbe tests, RSVP, Spoofarino and more) the now mature NanoProbe technology was moved from the NanoProbe RandD server to the main production GRC.COM server.
		Many, which still await completion, have been dependent upon the creation and deployment of the NanoProbe technology which is now solidly running on the grc.com servers.
	www.grc.com /stevegibson.htm (4440 words)

	MachineDesign.com: Nanoprobe will find explosives and drugs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In contrast, laser light emerging from the SERS nanoprobe creates rapid oscillations of the electrons in the silver nanoparticles.
		The nanoprobe works with any surface to induce the SERS effect.
		"Also, the small scale of the nanoprobe demonstrates the potential for detection in such nanoscale environments as at the intracellular level," he adds.
	www.machinedesign.com /ASP/viewSelectedArticle.asp?strArticleId=57197&strSite=MDSite&Screen=CURRENTISSUE (269 words)

	Xradia Awarded Contract for Hard X-ray Nanoprobe Instrument
		The contract calls for the participation in the design and engineering of a high resolution hard x-ray nanoprobe instrument (NPI) for 30nm high-resolution elemental and structural analysis using scanning probe and full-field transmission x-ray microscopy.
		The NPI will be installed at the Hard X-ray Nanoprobe Beamline at Argonne's Advanced Photon Source (APS) as part of a joint development effort between the CNM and APS.
		High resolution x-ray microscopy is of growing importance for research and industry in such diverse fields as alternative energy, advanced semiconductor development, bio technology and life sciences, advanced materials and nanotechnology.
	www.azonano.com /news.asp?newsID=2394 (462 words)

	Mice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Comparison: 0.5 mm (0.5PSB) Nanoprobe (left) compared to standard 0.5VB probe body and the tip of a ball-point pen (top).
		Nanoprobe with 5 cm handle for acute blood flow mapping in mice.
		Nanoprobe on mouse renal artery (right) and waveform of conscious renal blood flow day 1 after implant.
	www.transonic.com /mice.shtml (145 words)

	EETimes.com - ORNL nanoprobe promises on-the-spot toxin IDs
		Also, because the nanoprobe is so small, we think it may eventually be used to detect individual molecules at the intracellular level," said Oak Ridge corporate fellow Tuan Vo-Dinh, who led the team that developed the nanoprobe at the Tennessee lab.
		According to Vo-Dinh, the team is engineering the nanoprobe into a device the size of a shoebox and is adapting its technologies to such applications as homeland security, environmental monitoring, medical diagnostics and forensic analysis.
		The nanoprobe leverages a common lab technique known as the surface-enhanced Raman scattering effect.
	www.eetimes.com /showArticle.jhtml?articleID=23904933 (770 words)

	UC Irvine to develop cancer-fighting nanoprobe, Small Times - May 14, 2003
		May 14, 2003 -- The National Institutes of Health has given a $1.4 million grant to the University of California, Irvine, to develop a nanoscale probe that detects and treats cancerous tumors in humans, according to a university news release.
		Researchers say the optical nanoprobe could help pinpoint microscopic changes before they turn into advanced cancer, and might avoid traditional biopsies.
		Four teams with individuals from several of the university's schools and centers will focus on creating techniques for high-speed, high-resolution imaging; creating probes from silicon and polymers; and conducting animal and human tests.
	www.smalltimes.com /articles/stm_print_screen.cfm?ARTICLE_ID=268721 (156 words)

	OhioLINK ETD: YE, KUNTAO
		The optical nanoprobe device is based on a nanoprobe fabrication process recently developed by collaborators at the University of Cincinnati.
		In the design of CMOS compatible photodetection circuitry, new circuits have been developed to allow detection of the extremely low optical signal which is expected from optical nanoprobes.
		By integrating the nanoprobe and photodetection circuits we expect to significantly enhance the feasibility of integrated optical nanoprobe technologies for application that could benefit from a compact NSOM system.
	www.ohiolink.edu /etd/view.cgi?ucin1152058262 (273 words)

	Hard X-ray Nanoprobe Based on Refractive X-ray Lenses - ESRF
		Today, a variety of X-ray optics is capable of generating beams with a lateral beam size in the range of 100 nm and below.
		(b) Nanoprobe setup: the X-ray beam is focused onto the sample by two crossed nanofocusing lenses.
		During the first commissioning phase of the scanning microscope at beamline ID13 the nanobeam was characterised.
	www.esrf.eu /UsersAndScience/Publications/Highlights/2005/SCM/SCM9 (857 words)

	ScienceDaily: Nanoprobe To Be Developed For A 'Fantastic Voyage' In The Human Body, Finding And Treating Deadly Tumors
		Nanoprobe To Be Developed For A 'Fantastic Voyage' In The Human Body, Finding And Treating Deadly Tumors
		Science Daily — A UC Irvine research team has received a five-year, $1.4 million National Institutes of Health grant to develop a microscopic probe for detecting and treating pre-cancerous and malignant tumors in humans.
		An optical nanoprobe could help pinpoint those changes before they turn into advanced cancer.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2003/05/030509085108.htm (708 words)

	Abstract
		A hard x-ray nanoprobe beamline is being developed at the Advanced Photon Source (APS).
		It uses x-ray fluorescence for trace-element mapping and spectroscopy; x-ray diffraction to obtain local structural information such as crystallographic phase, strain texture, and x-ray transmission in phase; and absorption to image internal structures of complex devices [1].
		The high-precision positioning mechanisms for the nanoprobe presented here consist of the following major component groups: a granite base with vibration isolators, an optomechanical instrument vacuum chamber, a robotic detector manipulator for microdiffraction, an in situ optical microscope, and a translation-stage system for a transmission imaging detector [2].
	www.aspe.net /aspe_member/php/abstracts/absdisplay.php?Abstract_ID=2006 (234 words)

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