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	Nanowire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The nanowires could be used, in a near future, as components of nanotechnology to create electrical circuits out of compounds that are capable of being formed into extremely small circuits.
		A suspended nanowire is a wire in vacuum chamber held at the extremities.
		Another way to produce a suspended nanowire is to indent the tip of an STM in the surface, of a metal near the melting point, and retract it.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nanowire (1331 words)

	Nanowire comb emits in the UV - optics.org
		Nanowire comb emits in the UV - optics.org
		Nanowire comb emits in the UV Researchers grow a microscopic comb structure that emits ultraviolet light.
		The nanowire branches have uniform diameters ranging from 10 to 300 nm and are between 0.5 to 10 microns long.
	optics.org /articles/news/9/4/8/1 (342 words)

	Technology Review: Nanowire Transistors Faster than Silicon
		Nanowires have been considered a promising contender for use on future logic chips because of their very small size (about 10 nanometers wide) and because they can be made without complicated lithography, says Peidong Yang, professor of chemistry at University California, Berkeley.
		Nanowires are made with regular crystal structures and uniform electronic properties -- a level of predictability essential for manufacturing high-performance electronics.
		Nanowire transistors may never replace more conventional devices in computer chips used in laptops and personal computers -- the cost of developing large-scale manufacturing would probably not be justified by a 4 to 5 times improvement in performance, Lieber says.
	www.techreview.com /read_article.aspx?id=17008&ch=nanotech (620 words)

	Nano News - Making Sense of High-Density Nanowire Circuits
		This is a particular challenge given that nanowire assemblies are often characterized by defects and some randomness in the way that the wires are organized in circuits.
		To build their demultiplexer, Dr. Heath, who is a principal investigator of one of the NCI's Centers of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, and his collaborators used standard lithographic techniques to deposit pairs of conducting metal lines perpendicular to the nanowires, which all run parallel to each other like the strings in a piano.
		For example, nanowires coated with a tumor biomarker detection reagent, such as an aptamer or antibody, display sharp changes in electrical behavior when those reagents bind to the biomarker they are designed to detect.
	nano.cancer.gov /news_center/nanotech_news_2005-10-17d.asp (311 words)

	Nanowire film brings cheaper, faster electronics a step closer
		Although a single nanowire is one thousand times smaller than the width of a human hair, it can carry information up to 100 times faster than similar components used in current consumer electronic products, they add.
		Using a liquid solution of the silicon nanowires, the researchers have demonstrated that they can deposit the silicon onto glass or plastic surfaces — similar to applying the ink of a laser printer to a piece of paper — to make functional nanowire devices.
		According to Lieber, the first devices made with this new nanowire technology will probably improve on existing devices such as smart cards and LCD displays, which utilize conventional amorphous silicon and organic semiconductors that are comparatively slow and are already approaching their technological limitations.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2003-11/acs-fb110603.php (641 words)

	Nanowire Superlattices
		Individual, homogeneous semiconducting nanowires have been previously used as field effect transistors, photodetectors, and bio/chemical sensors, while more sophisticated light-emitting diode and complementary logic devices have been realized by assembling both n- and p-type semiconducting nanowires into crossed junctions.
		In this process, a nanocluster serves as the critical point for nucleation and addition of reactants to a growing nanowire, and critically, enables design to be brought to the synthesis problem.
		Moreover, they have used single nanowire transport and scanned probe microscopy to demonstrate unambiguous activity from localized p-n junctions in silicon and InP nanowires, where the latter have also been shown to be a unique source of polarized photons.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/jtextd?nalefd/asap/html/nl020289d.html (775 words)

	Nanowire Nanolaser 100 Nanometers In Diameter
		The nanowire nanolasers are pure crystals of zinc oxide that grow vertically in aligned arrays like the bristles on a brush.
		To produce these nanowires, the research team used a standard crystal-growing technique called epitaxy in which one crystalline material is grown over the surface of another.
		This would entail the use of electrodes attached to both ends of the nanowires and stimulating photon emissions inside the wires with electrons.
	www.lbl.gov /Science-Articles/Archive/nanowire-laser.html (746 words)

	Nanowire arrays can detect signals along individual neurons
		By contrast, the tiny nanowire transistors developed by Lieber and colleagues gently touch a neuronal projection to form a hybrid synapse, making them noninvasive, and are thousands of times smaller than the electronics now used to measure brain activity.
		The group's latest work takes advantage of the size similarities between ultra-fine silicon nanowires and the axons and dendrites projecting from nerve cells: Nanowires, like neuronal offshoots, are just tens of nanometers in width, making the thin filaments a good match for intercepting nerve signals.
		Because the nanowires are so slight -- their contact with a neuron is no more than 20 millionths of a meter in length -- Lieber and colleagues were able to measure and manipulate electrical conductance at as many as 50 locations along a single axon.
	www.news.harvard.edu /gazette/2006/08.24/99-nanowire.html (501 words)

	One-Dimensional Nanostructures as Subwavelength Optical Elements for Photonics Integration
		The direct electrical pathways provided by the nanowires ensure the rapid collection of carriers generated throughout the device, and a full Sun efficiency of 1.5% has been demonstrated, limited primarily by the surface area of the nanowire array.
		It is worth noting that the advantages of the nanowire geometry are even more compelling for other types of excitonic photocells, such as inorganic-polymer hybrid devices, in which an oriented, continuous and crystalline inorganic phase could greatly improve charge collection.
		Nanowire synthesis techniques can yield single-crystalline structures with a much lower density of line defects than is typically found in bulk materials.
	www.cchem.berkeley.edu /~pdygrp/nanowire.htm (1946 words)

	Manipulation and assembly of nanowires with holographic optical traps
		Although these estimates suggest that a single optical tweezer should be able to manipulate a nanowire, a point-like trap's symmetry allows a nanowire to rotate into an orientation that minimizes drag, and thus to escape from the trap.
		A bent nanowire is brought to the focus of an optical trap powered by 0.5 W. An exposure time of 100 ms results in a clean cut at the bend.
		In cases where the nanowires are stabilized, increasing the laser power in the trap array still can yield irreversible and site-specific deposition of nanowires with controlled orientation.
	www.physics.nyu.edu /grierlab/nanowire7b (2303 words)

	Research News: A New Advance in Gallium Nitride Nanowires
		"Control over nanowire growth direction is extremely desirable, in that anisotropic parameters such as thermal and electrical conductivity, index of refraction, piezoelectric polarization, and band gap may be used to tune the physical properties of nanowires made from a given material," Yang says.
		The cross section of gallium nitride nanowires grown on a magnesium oxide substrate is hexagonal.
		Because of the different growth directions, cross sections of the gallium nitride nanowires grown on lithium aluminum oxide form an isosceles triangle, while the cross sections of those grown on magnesium oxide are hexagonal.
	www.lbl.gov /Science-Articles/Archive/MSD-nanowires.html (834 words)

	nanowire - a definition from Whatis.com
		A suspended nanowire is held up by the ends in an evacuated chamber, and then is chemically etched or bombarded with high-speed atoms or molecules to reduce its diameter.
		A deposited nanowire is fabricated on a surface consisting of some non-conducting substance such as plastic or glass.
		Nanowires applied to glass or plastic may lead to improved computer chips and displays.
	whatis.techtarget.com /definition/0,,sid9_gci1087929,00.html (282 words)

	High-Yield GaN Nanowire Synthesis and Field-Effect Transistor Fabrication Journal of Electronic Materials - Find ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		High-yield gallium nitride nanowire field-effect transistors were demonstrated successfully using a prealigned process: Ni catalysts with a diameter of 200 nm were deposited selectively at predetermined positions.
		One-dimensional nanowires and nanotubes can be used not only to broaden our knowledge of the various interesting phenomena in low-dimensional systems but also to serve as basic building blocks for future nanoscale systems.
		The techniques to control the GaN nanowire synthesis and to fabricate transistors with high yield lead to the potential application of nanoscale devices in both electrical and optical systems.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3776/is_200604/ai_n16350838 (810 words)

	MIT light detector may speed up interplanetary communications - MIT News Office
		The detector, which uses nanowires and superconductor technology, can sense extremely low light or laser signals in the infrared part of the optical spectrum -- down to a single photon, the smallest and most basic unit of light.
		The photon trap is an optical cavity consisting of the nanowire detector, a carefully measured gap of glass and a mirror.
		The nanowire is coiled tightly like the metal on the back of a refrigerator to broaden its area of overlap with the laser light.
	web.mit.edu /newsoffice/2006/nanowire.html (697 words)

	Electrically controlled nanowire-based chemical sensors
		Figure 1 illustrates an atomic-force-microscope (AFM) image of a ZnO nanowire FET with a schematic of the measurement circuit.
		We developed a gate-refreshing mechanism to improve this situation; as shown in Figure 2, the conductance of a nanowire can be electrically recovered by applying a negative gate voltage much larger than the threshold voltage.
		Nanowire sensing response to NO2 and the conductance recovery process induced by a large negative gate voltage pulse.
	newsroom.spie.org /x3294.xml (1113 words)

	Nanowire Memory Cells: Compact Data Storage: Science Fiction in the News
		Nanowire made of indium oxide (In2O3) makes it possible to achieve data storage rates of 40 Gigabits per square centimeter, according to scientists at USC and the NASA Ames Research Center.
		The nanowire memory system is already remarkably stable, holding information for up to 600 hours.
		After creating transistors with the nanowires, researchers found that the transistors could be placed in three different activated states, tripling the storage capability.
	www.technovelgy.com /ct/Science-Fiction-News.asp?NewsNum=110 (419 words)

	Circuitry in a nanowire: Novel growth method may transform chips: Science News Online, Feb. 9, 2002
		A major impetus for making nanowires is the expectation that miniaturization of conventional microcircuits, which has continued unabated for 30 years, will soon bottom out.
		However, now that nanowires can be grown with stripes of different semiconducting materials, the wires may pull ahead of tubes in that race, Lieber notes.
		Despite such disputes, one advantage of all striped nanowires is that different semiconductors can be neighbors even when their crystal structures don’t match very well.
	www.sciencenews.org /20020209/fob1.asp (901 words)

	Technology Review: Nanowire Computing Made Practical
		Researchers have made efficient nanowire logic circuits that could be mass produced, slashing the size of transistors.
		Nanowire logic is part of a growing effort to find new ways to produce computer chips after conventional methods run into physical limits.
		Other possibilities include carbon-nanotube transistors and molecular electronics, which would use organic molecules as transistors; but while those technologies have their own advantages, nanowires can be made of silicon, the material chip makers are used to working with.
	www.technologyreview.com /read_article.aspx?id=17534&ch=nanotech (780 words)

	Nano World: Superior nanowire transistors
		Moreover, the nanowire devices show "more attractive scaling in performance as they are made smaller," said researcher Charles Lieber, a chemist at Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass.
		Specific applications for nanowire transistors in future "include use in building high-performance logic circuits as well as host of electronics applications on unconventional substrates, such as plastics, where such high-performance devices have not been possible," Lieber added.
		While the nanowire transistors Lieber and his colleagues demonstrated are comparable to but slightly worse in performance to the best ones made with carbon nanotubes, theirs can be made with reproducible electronic characteristics "unlike carbon nanotube FETs, and this is absolutely essential for moving beyond single nanowire or nanotube devices," he said.
	www.physorg.com /news68217966.html (770 words)

	02.05.2002 - Nanotech development brings closer era of nanowire electronic devices, much smaller computer chips
		With this ability, a single nanowire could be a complete device, incorporating transistor junctions, light-emitting diodes and even lasers.
		These reports show that nanowire devices could soon be routinely and cheaply built using little more than a special mixture of gases deposited on a foundation material.
		"Growing" a nanowire can be done either with vapor deposition from a stockpile of specialty gases, or with a laser aimed at a target material to produce a specific vapor, or both.
	www.berkeley.edu /news/media/releases/2002/02/05_wires.html (846 words)

	Sensors Project: UFDC-1
		To imagine about how small the nanowire is; your hair has a diameter of 50.000 – 100.000 nm, while nanowires have been defined as wires with at least one dimension in the range of 1-100 nm.
		A major difference of materials in the nanowire form is that materials are mostly distributed on a surface, leading to an ultrahigh surface-to-volume ratio.
		The nanowire chips have macro contact electrodes at both ends of the nanowires, allowing them to be easily connected to the outer-world, e.g., the control electronics.
	www.sensorsportal.com /HTML/Nanowire_based_sensor.htm (646 words)

	Nanowire lasers go electric (January 2003) - News - PhysicsWeb
		The Harvard team slowly increased the current through the nanowire and observed a rapid increase in the intensity of the light emitted above about 200 microamps -- which corresponds to the onset of lasing.
		The researchers believe that their approach could be extended to other materials, such as gallium nitride and indium phosphide nanowires.
		Lieber says that it will be essential to learn more about the basic physics of nanowire lasers before they are used in real-world devices, but some simple applications could be ready in less than five years.
	physicsweb.org /article/news/7/1/7 (394 words)

	2D GaN nanowire
		In this tutorial we study the electron and hole energy levels of a two-dimensional freestanding GaN nanowire of cylindrical shape.
		The GaN nanowire is discretized on a mesh with a grid resolution of 0.05 nm.
		Because our nanowire has a radius of 2 nm, the ground state wavefunction is according to the left figure.
	www.wsi.tum.de /nextnano3/tutorial/2Dtutorial_GaN_nanowire.htm (546 words)

	Nano News - New Method Creates Nanowire Detectors Exactly Where Needed
		There seems to be little doubt among cancer researchers that new detection systems using nanowires and microfluidics hold the promise of providing a quantum leap in the detection of cancer-related molecules and genes.
		This allows them to use the microfluidic channels to introduce the precursor molecules, or monomers, needed to create the conducting polymer nanowires and trigger an electrochemical reaction at the exact place where the nanowires are needed to function as biomolecule detectors.
		Once formed, the nanowires can function immediately as detectors, with the electrodes used to form the nanowires now functioning as the circuitry that connects the nanowires to electrical signal recorders.
	nano.cancer.gov /news_center/nanotech_news_2006-09-25c.asp (377 words)

	Illuminex Corporation: Nanowire Device Technology for Real World Applications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Nanowires have exceptional electronic and optical properties that enable devices to be engineered with extraordinary capabilities.
		Our nanowires can be manufactured directly on a wide variety of substrate types and shapes.
		Nanowire technology opens up a new realm of device performance and design at the leading edge of the nanotechnology revolution.
	www.illuminex.biz (210 words)

	Nanowire device suits microwave detection (July 2005) - News - nanotechweb.org
		Song and colleagues made nanowire devices with intentionally broken symmetry by etching L-shaped trenches in a modulation-doped InP/InGaAs/InP quantum well wafer.
		A device containing 18 parallel nanowires produced roughly 75 mV of DC output for every mW of nominal input power of a 110 GHz signal.
		That's despite the fact that only about 0.4% of the microwave power was effectively transferred to the structure because of an impedance mismatch.
	nanotechweb.org /articles/news/4/7/3?alert=1 (620 words)

	Nanowire Batteries
		Nanowires created by Enable IPC personnel are each about 1,000 times
		We are not the only company pursuing nanowire batteries.
		Nanowires (and thin films) require very expensive equipment and processes to manufacture.
	www.enableipc.com /technology.html (410 words)

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