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| | FRANCIA |
 | | Napoleon, although reconciling with the Pope (until annexing Rome and arresting him in 1809) and supposedly reintroducing some of the limitations on government of traditional society, even marrying a Hapsburg and producing a half-Hapsburg heir (Napoleon II), nevertheless was still ruthless beyond most precedent. |
 | | Defeated by Prussia, Napoleon abdicated and left France to its fate, but at least his last years of exile, in England itself, were rather more comfortable and honorable than Napoleon I's had been; but his son, sadly, died fighting the Zulus in the British Army. |
 | | This is to indicate that Napoleon was crowned by the Pope (Pius VII), as with the Mediaeval Emperors, but with the irregularity that it was not in Rome and, well, Napoleon actually took the crown out of the Pope's hands and crowned himself. |
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