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Topic: Napoleonic Era

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	Napoleonic Era
		Napoleon Bonaparte was born on August 15, 1769 in Ajaccio on the Mediterranean island of Corsica.
		Napoleon was one of the greatest military commanders in history.
		Napoleon also centralized France's government by appointing prefects to administer regions called departments, into which France was divided.
	www.fresno.k12.ca.us /schools/s090/lloyd/napoleonic_era.htm (349 words)

	Napoleon I of France - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Napoleon served on garrison duty in Valence and Auxonne until after the outbreak of the Revolution in 1789 (although he took nearly two years of leave in Corsica and Paris during this period).
		Napoleon knew the French fleet could not defeat the Royal Navy and therefore arranged to lure the British fleet away from the English Channel so that, in theory, a Spanish and French fleet could regain control of the Channel for twenty-four hours, which he erroneously thought enough for French armies to cross to England.
		Napoleon was imprisoned and then exiled by the British to the island of Saint Helena (2,800 km off the Bight of Guinea in the South Atlantic Ocean) from 15 October 1815.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Napoleonic (7285 words)

	The Napoleonic era
		When Napoleon was finally defeated and then exiled, first to the island of Elba and then to the island of St. Helena, and the Bourbons returned to power, the European countries that had been opposing Napoleon expressed their relief that the Revolution had been defeated.
		Many times did Napoleon affirm that his goal was to revive Charlemagne's Empire, considering himself a successor to the latter (As we saw in chapter 16, the Third Reich and its vast conquests are also a revival of Charlemagne's Beast).
		Napoleon's laws, in accordance with the ideas of the age, formed the basis of a completely secularized State, so the Roman Catholic Church was deprived of her riches, influence and power in this new order of things.
	www.angelfire.com /scifi/revelator/ch17.htm (4022 words)

	The Napoleonic Era
		This finalized the exile of Napoleon to a Mediterranean island off the coast of Italy where Napoleon would be emperor of Elba alone.
		This was the result of Napoleon's growing frustrations with the inefficiency of the Continental system and his growing interests in the Mediterranean region.
		Napoleon's escape from Elba back to France where he is reunited with his old army am marches through southern France.
	www.historyteacher.net /EuroProjects/ExamReviewSheets/MatchingQuizzesForFinalReview-2001/MATCH-NapoleonicEra.htm (421 words)

	Term Paper on the napoleonic era
		Napoleon Bonaparte was a significant man who was regarded as a person who was responsible for many historic events that would reshape France and Europe during the late 18th and early 19th century.
		Napoleon led his army in this fashion for nearly 20 years, literally changing the face of Europe and of his people.
		Napoleon will always be regarded as a war hero and legend, and perhaps a great catalyst of change.
	www.swiftpapers.com /essay/the_napoleonic_era-87191.html (192 words)

	SparkNotes: Napoleonic Europe (1799-1815): Prussia in the Napoleonic Era
		During the Napoleonic period, however, Frederick William III ruled Prussia, and was proving to be a fairly inept king.
		With these losses, Napoleon lopped off a considerable amount of Prussian land, adding this territory to the Confederation of the Rhine and the Grand Duchy of Warsaw.
		In the Napoleonic era, his goal became to release the potential dynamics of the Prussian people.
	www.sparknotes.com /history/european/napoleonic/section8.rhtml (839 words)

	Regency Era History and Information
		The transition embraces the Napoleonic Wars, the madness of George III, the War of 1812 (1812-1814) and the Regency (1811-1820).
		This period, from the beginning of the war with France in 1793 to George IV's ascension to the throne in 1820, illustrates the vast change in England's economic and social face.
		Napoleon Bonaparte of France rose from obscurity as an artillery officer to ultimately crown himself Emperor in 1804.
	www.gardnermysteries.com /index-regency.html (793 words)

	The Napoleonic Era - Napoleon Bonaparte's Problems
		Napoleon had put his brother on the throne of Spain, and had made changes in the religion.
		Napoleon entered Paris on March 20, 1815 to cheering crowds.
		Napoleon fought the British and Prussians at Waterloo in June 1815.
	www.members.tripod.com /~mr_sedivy/napol5.html (209 words)

	StrategyZone OnLine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Napoleonic era is sorely underrepresented among war and strategy games, but there is plenty of fascinating material here for a game designer to work with.
		The battles that took place in Europe while Napoleon was in power were dramatic and deeply affected military theory on how future wars were to be conducted.
		Napoleonic era infantry armed with muskets had a very slow rate of fire compared to Civil War rifleman, and formations take a long time to reload.
	www.strategyzoneonline.com /articles.php?p=405&page=1&cat=52 (1358 words)

	NYPL, Napoleonic Era
		Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) came to prominence in France as a military and political figure by 1796.
		Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, presided over an empire that ran from May 1804 to April 1814.
		The literature written on the Napoleonic era is staggering in numbers.
	www.nypl.org /research/chss/grd/resguides/napoleonic (297 words)

	NYPL, Napoleonic Era: A Research Guide
		April, marriage of Napoleon to Archduchess Marie Louise of Austria; the Empress Josephine was divorced in 1809
		Examines the lives of Napoleon’s two stepchildren, his illegitimate children by various mistresses, and his short-lived heir, Napoleon II, known after his father’s fall as the Duke of Reichstadt and raised in the Austrian imperial court.
		Biographical portrait of Napoleon’s second, political marriage to the young daughter of the Austrian Emperor, and the mother of his legitimate heir.
	www.nypl.org /research/chss/grd/resguides/napoleonic/print.html (2073 words)

	Open Directory - Society: History: By Time Period: Nineteenth Century: Wars and Conflicts: Napoleonic Wars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		History and Evolution of Uniforms during the Napoleonic Era - A concise illustrated history of the evolution of military uniforms during the Napoleonic Wars.
		Napoleon, His Army and Enemies - Large collection of uniform, orbat and organisation resources, emphasis on French, Polish and Russian forces.
		The Napoleonic Guide - Provides an overview of Bonaparte, the political status of Europe and European military technology, and depictions of the Napoleonic era in art, film, and games.
	dmoz.org /Society/History/By_Time_Period/Nineteenth_Century/Wars_and_Conflicts/Napoleonic_Wars (737 words)

	Napoleonic France (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		England prior to and during the Napoleonic Era
		Switzerland prior to and during the Napoleonic Era
		France prior to and during the Napoleonic Era
	idcs0100.lib.iup.edu /modernera/napoleon.htm (79 words)

	World History: The Napoleonic Era - from CD-ROM Access
		Trace the brilliant career of Napoleon as general, conqueror, and emperor, and understand the paradox of the man who was both military hero, enlightened leader, and ruthless dictator.
		Follow the career of Napoleon through his epic rule as emperor of France, when he attempted to unite the nations of Europe into one mighty empire that recalled the grandeur and glory of Rome.
		Understand why Napoleon's heroic leadership inspired a generation of artists, musicians, and writes for whom he embodied the passionate ideals of the Romantic movement.
	www.cdaccess.com /html/shared/whnapol.htm (299 words)

	Spain The Napoleonic Era - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International ...
		The French forced Ferdinand to abdicate almost immediately, however, and Joseph Bonaparte, Napoleon's brother, was named king of Spain.
		The War of Independence (1808-14), as the Iberian phase of the Napoleonic wars is known in Spanish historiography, attained the status of a popular crusade that united all classes, parties, and regions in a common struggle.
		Elements of the Spanish army held Cadiz, the only major city not taken by the French, but the countryside belonged to the guerrillas, who held down 250,000 of Napoleon's best troops under Marshal Nicholas Soult, while Wellington waited to launch the offensive that was to cause the defeat of the French at Vitoria (1813).
	workmall.com /wfb2001/spain/spain_history_the_napoleonic_era.html (496 words)

	IPM Historical Atlas of the Napoleonic Era
		This book charts Napoleon’s rise and fall and analyses the weaponry and rival armies that were to transform 19th Century Europe.
		France was surrounded by enemies but fought them off, largely through the achievements of Napoleon Bonaparte, the Republic’s youngest general.
		His defeat at the Battle of Waterloo marked the close of the Napoleonic era, but not the end of the Napoleonic legend.
	www.internationalpubmarket.com /Books/BookDetail.aspx?productID=97583 (338 words)

	Napoleon Bonaparte : Napoleonic : Napoleon : Bonaparte : Wars : Napoleon I : Napoleonic History : Military : Napoleonic ...
		The Napoleonic Guide is the perfect reference source for everything you need to know about the life and times of Napoleon Bonaparte.
		Napoleon Bonaparte's Civil Code is the foundation of Europe's modern legal system.
		It is Napoleon's Last Grande Armee by Alfred Umhey and is a leather-bound volume of uniform plates from France's army in the 1813 Campaign.
	www.napoleonguide.com (374 words)

	Napoleon Bonaparte Internet Guide - Links to sites about the Napoleonic Era
		This was a period of dramatic change in Europe covering the entire Napoleonic period.
		Institute of Napoleon and the French Revolution Homepage at the university of Florida
		During the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars which swept Europe between 1792 and 1815, the small professional armies of the eighteenth century quickly gave way to large national armies composed of draftees.
	www.napoleonbonaparte.nl /html/body_napoleonic_era.html (425 words)

	Historical Atlas of the Napoleonic Era
		Napoleon Bonaparte dominated the period from the French Revolution until 1815 so completely that the era has become known as the Napoleonic Age.
		Following his death in 1821, Napoleon Bonaparte and his legacy have been viewed in many ways: from the pale mimicry of imperial grandeur in France during the mid-nineteenth century to the abiding fascination in his military and civil achievements.
		This marvelous, full-color book charts Napoleon's rise and fall and analyzes the weaponry and rival armies that were to transform nineteenth-century Europe.
	www.globecorner.com /t/t36/18395.php (381 words)

	WORTHPLAYING - - All about games !
		I have recently discovered a newfound interest in the Napoleonic Era of warfare and to my surprise, it seems I am not the only one.
		This time around, you get to march into the era of muskets and sabers between the turbulent years of 1802 to 1820.
		The Napoleonic Era provides some peculiar situations where rifles occupy the same field as heavy cavalry, as well as massed artillery, and yet each of these components are neither too advanced for their applications nor too obsolete to be of any utility.
	www.worthplaying.com /article.php?sid=23522 (999 words)

	History and Evolution of Uniforms during the Napoleonic Era
		This site is dedicated to an in depth study of the uniforms worn by all nations involved in the period known as the Napoleonic Wars.
		I created it with the intent that it might be of use to fellow military historians and researchers in the field like myself as well as an informative page for students, collectors and wargamers of military miniatures and military re-enactors of the period.
		Whether it is the colour and pagentry of the period, or my devout admiration for Napoleon the man who started it all, I'm not certain.
	uniform-evolution.0catch.com (564 words)

	Gaslight's NAPOLEONIC ERA LITERATURE
		This webpage opened in 98-sep. This timeline of Napoleon's career was written by Patricia Teter.
		Napoleon at the zenith of power: Emperor of French, King of Italy, Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine, Mediator of the Swiss Confederation.
		Napoleon abdicates and exiled to Sainte Helena in South Atlantic
	gaslight.mtroyal.ca /Napchron.htm (868 words)

	[No title]
		Brigade level game of Napoleon's forcing his way across the Berezina River in a desparate attempt to continue the French escape from central Russia, Nov.1812 as 3 Russian armies close for the kill.
		Uses the Napoleonic War system, but with only 3 turns and a larger deck, so the action is more furious and straight forward.
		Napoleon attempts his old trick of defeating his enemies in detail before they can coordinate.
	www.finegames.com /text/im_top_i.txt (4645 words)

	HY114 War and Society from the Renaissance to the Napoleonic Era, c.1500-1815 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		War and Society from the Renaissance to the Napoleonic Era, c.1500-1815
		A broad, thematic study of war and society from the early sixteenth century to the end of the Napoleonic Wars.
		It will include substantive analysis of the ethos, causes and impact of wars during this period, as well as the role of war in the development of states and national identities.
	www.lse.ac.uk /resources/calendar2004-2005/courseGuides/HY/2004_HY114.htm (491 words)

	Cossacks II: Battle for Europe Hands-On - Tougher AI for More Challenging Napoleonic-era Battles - PC News at GameSpot
		Posted Jun 9, 2006 4:59 pm PT Compared to the chaos of modern wars, warfare in the early 19th century was a highly formalized affair.
		Battle for Europe returns once again to the era of the Napoleonic Wars, when men exchanged gunfire while standing in the open.
		(Apparently, the Napoleonic Wars are to Russians what the Civil War is to Americans, and they love to dress up and reenact various battles.) Still, this stand-alone expansion looks promising for fans of Napoleonic warfare, and it's due out later this month.
	www.gamespot.com /pc/strategy/cossacksiibattleforeurope/news.html?new_theme=standard_alt&sid=6152596 (1136 words)

	Links (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Napoleonic Association of the Netherlands and Belgium
		The maps presented here appear to come from Esposito's and Elting's "History and Atlas of the Napoleonic Wars," to which color has been added in varying degrees.
		These are complete copies of the software limited in time to a 28-year period ranging from 1792 to 1819.
	www.napoleonic-literature.com /Links.html (1582 words)

	Music of the Napoleonic Era by Capella Ensemble at Audio Lunchbox
		2: Music of the Napoleonic Era - Quintet In C Major Op.
		5: Music of the Napoleonic Era - Quintet In E Flat Major Op.
		Gavotte For Flute, Oboe, Clarinet And Bassoon (Arr.
	www.audiolunchbox.com /album?a=36081 (198 words)

	War of 1812 : Napoleonic Era : Britain : Canada : America : Battle of New Orleans :
		War of 1812 : Napoleonic Era : Britain : Canada : America : Battle of New Orleans :
		In 1812, the American War of Independence was still within living memory for governments in London and Washington.
		The war, however, then swung America's way, with a naval battle at Lake Erie halting a British amphibious push and a land encounter, at Thames River, leading to a British surrender after the death of Tecumseh and the desertion of his warriors.
	www.napoleonguide.com /campaign_1812.htm (393 words)

	Cossacks II: Napoleonic Wars @ The Wargamer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Wargamer's Cossacks II microsite is dedicated to CDV and GSC Game World's Cossacks II: Napoleonic Wars, the Napoleonic era real-strategy game released in April 2005.
		Bill Gray explores the complex strategies and battle tactics employed by Napoleon's Grand Armee in its remarkable conquest of Europe.
		Indeed, the cavalcade of color that seems to typify this era has its roots in armies far more specialized than anything found in the newly created United States.
	cossacks2.wargamer.com (450 words)

	Seminar in the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Era
		In addition, this course will also employ the historical moment of the French Revolution to test theories about revolutionary change, and to examine the effects of the revolution on private life, the family, sexual mores and gender relationships, among other topics.
		The research and writing aim of the course therefore will correspond with the development of a mature understanding of the period, but will also require that each of you think deeply about the ways in which the Napoleon and the French Revolution have been remembered in the classrooms of this country.
		The exam will be designed to test the foundations of your knowledge of the chronology, concepts, and figures of the French Revolutionary era extending to 1815.
	users.tamuk.edu /kfdtf00/seminar_in_the_french_revolution.htm (1164 words)

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