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Topic: Naqada

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	Naqada
		One interesting characteristic of Naqada 1, is that war and hunt is represented on ceramics and other objects as a dual theme.
		Naqada 2 is a culture which seems to have spread all across Egypt, apparently by conquest or the establishment of military and trade strongholds.
		It was during Naqada 2 that the techniques of working both soft and hard stones were developed, techniques which would be of central importance during Ancient Egyptian civilizations.
	lexicorient.com /e.o/naqada.htm (673 words)

	Neolithic Period to Egypt's Dynasty 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In Naqada II, fl-topped and red-polished pottery was first augmented, then replaced by buff or hard pink vessels fired in a closed kiln, and sometimes decorated with red paint in a new style.
		A terra-cotta model of Naqada I-II date and representational evidence from Naqada III indicate that large oval fortifications with bastions were erected of a type later depicted enclosing the names of known towns, using brick for at least part of the structure (Baumgartel 1960: p.
		A pharaonic sacrificial procession appears on monuments of Naqada III, on a painted textile from Gebelein of Naqada I, and in a large wall painting in a tomb dating to the middle of Naqada II at Hierakonpolis that is an organized pharaonic composition (Williams and Logan 1987: 253-57).
	www.homestead.com /wysinger/neolithic.html (3743 words)

	The Ancient Egypt Site - The Naqada Label
		The Naqada label has since often been forwarded as the ultimate proof that Menes is to be identified with the Horus Aha.
		He also pointed to the importance of the fact that the Nebti-name was written within a sign representing a building that he identified as a funerary structure dedicated to the deceased Menes.
		Against the interpretation of the signs in the booth as a Nebti-name, it should be noted that the Nebti-name does not become a standard part of the royal titulary until the reign of Den, several generations after Aha.
	www.ancient-egypt.org /kings/0102_aha/naqada_label.html (684 words)

	predynastic Period
		Naqada is a place located on the west bank of the Nile, around 25 km north of Luxor.
		Naqada II Some scholars agree that the shift from Naqada I to Naqada II was the result of more intense interaction and trade with foreign groups from west Asia.
		Hierokonpolis is one of the centres of upper Egyptian Naqada cultures, and of key importance during the Naqada III cultural phase.
	people.zeelandnet.nl /jedengel/egypte/chrono/Predynastic.htm (2702 words)

	PREDYNASTIC EGYPT 2
		The southern predynastic can be basically described in two segments with Badarian/Amratian (Naqada I), marking a continuum of Neolithic development and Gerzean/Naqada II-Naqada III marking a period of rapid growth and transformation toward complex society that set up the subsequent unification of Egypt.
		The Gerzean (Naqada II) period was one of emergence of large settlements dominating the traditional rural pattern: Hierakonpolis and Naqada in Upper Egypt became the centers of the rival religious cults of Seth and Horus in Dynastic times.
		This architectural and burial elaboration mark the rapid rise of more centralized administration, the emergence of an elite group of rulers, and their use of craft specialists to produce the symbols of power that separated them from commoners.
	www.unm.edu /~gbawden/328-egpre2/328-egpre2.htm (2009 words)

	[No title]
		In the Naqada III Period (33-3100 BC) Egypt experienced a period of rapid change and growth, contemporary with the late Uruk period of Mesopotamia, which drew on political and ideological features already in place to create the institutional base of Egyptian Pharaonic Civilization.
		The local god of Naqada was Seth, a divinity of great importance in the emergence of divine kingship and the principal divinity of Upper Egypt in the historic period.
		At this early period writing is embryonic, mostly consisting of a few characters that chiefly mark the property of the elite and most commonly to relate events of importance to the king (contrast with commercial use in Sumer).
	www.unm.edu /~gbawden/328-egpre3/328-egpre3.htm (2005 words)

	Naqada - ArchaeoWiki
		Naqada (alternative spelling: Nagada; ancient Nubt) is an important Egyptian archaeological site, the site of a settlement and cemetery, located some 30 km north of Luxor in Upper Egypt.
		Hassan, Fekri [1999], "Nagada (Naqada)", in Bard, K.A. (ed.), Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt, London and New York: Routledge, 1999, pp.555-557.
		Petrie, W.M. Flinders and Quibell, J.E. Naqada and Ballas 1895, London: Bernard Quaritch, 1896.
	www.archaeowiki.org /Naqada (105 words)

	Fair Trade Egypt - Naqada Silk Weaving Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Although this town isn’t a big tourist draw nowadays, the necropolis of Naqada was the resting place for entire generations of pharaohs more than five thousand years ago.
		Weavers in Naqada were particularly affected by the trade embargo against Sudan that began a couple of decades ago.
		Trading with FTE has enabled Naqada Silk Weaving Project artisans to receive a steady income and bring a certain amount of financial stability to this predominantly rural part of the country.
	www.fairtradeegypt.org /artisan_groupview.asp?key=55 (320 words)

	Egypt: Naqada, A Feature Tour Egypt Story
		Naqada was the necropolis of the town of Nubt, the town of gold, known in Greek as
		Body ornaments such as necklaces or bracelets were placed around the necks and arms of the deceased, while slate palettes, baked clay figurines, stone vases and knives, also appear but are not as carefully placed as were the storage jars.
		The sherd was found at Naqada itself, and formed part of a large fl-topped red-ware vase dated from late Naqada I, Red was a color associated with Set.
	www.touregypt.net /featurestories/naqada.htm (902 words)

	naqada (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Importance: The city of Naqada is key in the history of Egypt.
		Naqada is also the place where W.M. Flinders Petrie a pioneer in Archeology used his sequence dating to help better understand the changes and evolution of the Egyptian people.
		Naqada was also a gathering place for the worship of the Seth.
	www.uwm.edu /Course/egypt/0100/LOCATS/naqada.htm (173 words)

	Naqada - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Naqada or Naquada is a district and town about 30km north of Luxor on the west bank of the Nile in southern Egypt, (Upper Egypt),includes some villages such as Toukh,khatara,Danfiq and zawayda.
		Naqada has given its name to the widespread Naqada culture that existed at the time, here, and at other sites including Badari, Gerzeh, Hierakonopolis (or Nekhen), and Qau.
		The name Naqada, phonetically written as Naqahdah (also spelled "Naquahdah" or "Naquadah") [ˈnækwɪdʌ], was appropriated by the television series Stargate SG-1 as the name of a fictional substance.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Naqada (246 words)

	Conferences and symposia
		Naqada is situated on the west bank of the Nile north of Luxor, and stood opposite the entrance to the Wadi Hammamat providing direct access to the Red Sea coast and the gold reserves of the eastern desert.
		The importance of archaeological finds in Naqada has resulted in its name lending itself to the pre-pharaonic periods between 3800-3100 BC, and is called Naqada I, II and III.
		Naqada maintained its importance throughout the pharaonic period and into the late antiquity period, during which it became inhabited by famous anchorites such as Elias of Mount Bishwaw and Samuel of Mount Banhadab.
	www.arce.org /events/conferences_symposia.html (2679 words)

	Predynastic Egypt
		Because it was difficult to attribuate to the Predynastic cultures precise dates, the whole Naqada period has been devided by the archeologist Flinders Petrie in sequences numbered 30-80 (1-29 were left for older cultures that may be discovered after this system was established), based on the pottery he had recovered from some 900 graves.
		Near naqada was found what has been called the South Town, where a settlement very different from the others, as it was a fortified city with almost rectangular brick houses.
		It is to be noted that it is in the Naqada I culture that are found some developments from which would spring the pharaonic culture.
	www.asian-center.net /ancienthistory/ch3.html (2601 words)

	Origin of the State. Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt
		The position of this type of grand tomb and the identity of the tomb owner have always puzzled us and this new study is bringing light to an important collection of material from the crucial period of the beginning of the 1st dynasty.
		Parallels for these bracelets occur in other tombs of the period and their small size would pose the question whether they were actually worn on the arm or possibly bearing some symbolic meaning as tomb equipment.
		1: the naqada tomb the naqada tomb contained objects for personal adornment such as bead necklaces including small labels with the number of beads for each necklace and different kinds of tiny bracelets of bone.
	www.egypt.edu /etaussi/adresses/origines/abstracts.htm (5739 words)

	Origin of the State. Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt (Cracow 2002): ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS
		Ripple-flaking knives, usually dated to the late Naqada II - early Naqada III, are believed to have been manufactured by a limited number of specialists because of their sophisticated and time-consuming technique.
		It seems that specialized systems characterized by mass-production were introduced around the threshold of the Naqada III period, when remarkable standardization appeared in pottery vessels and long-distance trade networks enabled to distribute a large amount of pottery vessels to the areas outside the Nile valley.
		The attached specialization further developed during the Naqada III period, as was indicated by large-scale trade networks, a writing system, and elaborate relief decorations on palettes and knife handles.
	xoomer.virgilio.it /francescoraf/cracow-2002/Takamiya.htm (911 words)

	[No title]
		Until recently, the radiocarbon age estimates for Naqada III were insufficient to arrive at a reliable age determination for that pivotal period which encompassed the period of state formation.
		Therefore, for this period pottery types were used to create the division referred to as Naqada III, a division that covers a wide period of time from the Protodynastic until the end of Dynasty III, with the advent of Meidum ware.
		The early part of this chronological division was a transitional period, the regional kings or chieftains of the period being referred to by Manetho as the age of demi-gods.
	www.e-c-h-o.org /khd/Chronology.html (757 words)

	Naqada chronology
		Petrie was the first to produce a chronology for the Naqada Period.
		The dead were buried in simple oval pits (some examples: Badari tomb 3731, Naqada tomb 1464, tomb 1613).
		Naqada II The Naqada culture appears throughout Egypt.
	www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk /naqadan/chronology.html (179 words)

	Ancient Ships: Egypt's Ship Petroglyphs in the Eastern Desert (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Modern research is currently being done to obtain datable materials found in conjunction with the petroglyphs to more firmly establish the dating of when the images were made..
		These pictures made as rock art are spread throughout the Eastern Egyptian desert on the rocks and walls of the Wadis between the Nile river valley and the coast of the Red Sea.
		Grave goods from the Naqada periods reflect the same Iconography that are found in the pertoglyphs this phenomena has lead archeologists to conclude many of these images can be dated to the Naqada period of Egyptian Prehistory which runs from 4500-3100 BCE.
	www.artsales.com /ARTistory/Ancient_Ships/02_edpetros.html (1278 words)

	Egypt, 8000–2000 B.C. \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Settlement size and distribution are primarily understood from the well-known cemeteries of the period, including those near the modern town of Naqada in Upper Egypt, for which the period is named.
		The formal burial program begun in the Badarian Period continues, with increased numbers of ceramic vessels—some of which display geometric figures and hunting scenes—placed in the tombs along with stone vessels and slate cosmetic palettes of rhomboid and animal forms.
		Burial goods are similar to those of the Naqada I Period, although styles of vessels and palettes change.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/ht/02/afe/ht02afe.htm (1043 words)

	Naqada, City of in Egypt
		Though there is little to see at Naqada, this was a necropolis which contained burials from Egyptian pre-history.
		The deceased were found in fetal positions on their sides, with surrounding pots, schist offering basins and terracotta figurines.
		The village of Naqada itself is interesting in that perhaps seventy five percent of the population is Christian.
	touregypt.net /naqada.htm (128 words)

	McClung Museum - Egyptian Predynastic Period
		Its distinct form, color, and decoration places the jar in the culture phase called Naqada III, during the late or terminal Predynastic Period of the Chalcolithic Period, circa 3200 BC It is one type among the many varieties of pottery produced by the Naqadan culture.
		The earliest Naqadan culture, or Naqada I, emerged around 4000 BC, followed by Naqada II and then Naqada III, which lasted into the Early Dynastic Period.
		The name "Naqada" comes from the area in which the culture developed.
	mcclungmuseum.utk.edu /permex/egypt/egp-text.htm (518 words)

	Adulis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Amaratian culture (sometimes referred to as Naqadan culture) is a classification for people that lived in Upper Egypt during the period of time known as Early Predynastic (3800-3500 bce), or Naqada I. The culture emerged when arid conditions in the east and west forced cattle herding people into the Nile Valley.
		Petrie estimated the age of gravesites based on deterioration and made a note of what objects were found in the graves and their styles.
		The settlements associated the graveyards were systematically disassembled because the deteriorated mud-bricks used proved to be an excellent fertilizer for the local farmers.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/prehistory/egypt/archaeology/sites/naqada.htm (555 words)

	sequence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A simplified diagram illustrating the evolution of wavy-handled jars, showing the change from full-bodied to the later typically Gerzean (or Naqada II) shapes, as envisaged by Petrie.
		Naqada I style pottery was classified as SD (Sequence Date)30-39, Naqada II as SD 40-52, and Naqada III was classified as SD 54-79.
		Later finds from the dynastic era were numbered from 77-84, with a minimal overlap with the Naqada III period.
	www.classics.und.ac.za /projects/pendlebury/sequence.htm (163 words)

	Stargate SG-1 \| Stargate SG-1 Fandom \| Fanzines
		Most material presented in fanzines is not available on the internet or web, and many editors will not publish material previously posted to the net.
		Naqada is now generously housed on the Stargate website Stargatefan.com.
		Nor does it accept fanzines which publish net fiction unless that fact is stated specifically in all ads and in the zine itself.
	www.stargatefan.com /fandom/fanzines.html (787 words)

	The White Goddess - Articles - Pre-Dynastic – Archaic Egypt.
		What we can say is that Naqada I and Naqada II are two separate and distinct periods.
		During Naqada II advances in the manufacture of stone vessels, in pottery and metal goods can be seen.
		We know very little regarding the political and social organisation of this period, most of the evidence we have for this period, comes not from the towns and villages; which were made of perishable materials, but from the cemeteries and the items found within the graves.
	www.thewhitegoddess.co.uk /articles/egypt_archaic.html (4193 words)

	Marysia.com - Horus
		Seth had a temple in Naqada (Nubt/Ombos) in Upper Egypt dated around 1500 BCE (New Kingdom, 18th Dynasty) and he is referred to in the Pyramid texts as Set of Nubet.
		The earliest depiction of Seth comes from the Naqada III period (Dynasty 00) in the Gebel Tjauty graffiti, found in the Desert west of Thebes (not very far from Naqada).
		There are late pre-dynastic royal serekhs (Naqada III, Dynasty 0) found on jars from El-Beda and Tura showing a double falcon, this king is thus known as 'Double Falcon' although whether he is one individual is unknown.
	www.marysia.com /pagan/horus.html (2337 words)

	Digital Egypt for Universities: 3D model index
		Naqada model of the town south of temple
		Naqada model of the temple of Seth Nubt
		Naqada model of the southern town, staircase pyramid and the temple
	www.casa.ucl.ac.uk /digital_egypt/3d (848 words)

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