| | Dhikr Controversy in Northwest China- Paper |
 | | Naqshbandi Sufism, both in its ‘silent’ and ‘vocal’ manifestations, as well as latter-day Ikhwani and Salafi movements are all depicted as having the same objective—to purge the faith of innovations from the local culture and to return to the Islam as practiced by the first (Arab) generations. |
 | | Thus, the Naqshbandi call became one for not only a return to original Islam, but more significantly, for abandonment of those Chinese cultural practices which were seen as corrupting Islam. |
 | | While the Naqshbandi Sufi movement was undoubtedly shar’ist, it was pragmatic nonetheless, and "provid[ed] the leadership and organization that could help Hui survive politically and economically" (Gladney 1996:52). |
| www.personal.psu.edu /users/h/x/hxy152/hist597dhikr.htm (2163 words) |