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Topic: Nara, Japan

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	Encyclopedia: Japan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Japan is a member state of the United Nations, the G8, and the G4 nations, and is one of the major donors towards international development.
		Japan is situated in a volcanic zone on the Pacific Ring of Fire, at the juncture of the Philippine Plate, Pacific Plate, Eurasian Plate, and North American Plate.
		Japan is a temperate region with, more or less, four seasons (some believe the rainy season should be a fifth season), but because of its great length from north to south, its climate varies from region to region: the far north is very cold in the winter, while the far south is subtropical.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Japan (10052 words)

	Nara Prefecture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nara Prefecture is located in the middle of the Kii Peninsula on the western half of Honshu, Japan.
		Nara is bordered to the west by Wakayama Prefecture and Osaka Prefecture; on the north by Kyoto Prefecture and on the east by Mie Prefecture.
		Despite being in the middle of Japan, Nara is one of Japan's warmest prefectures; snow is a rarity in Nara, although there is some accumulation in the southern mountains during the winter.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nara_Prefecture (838 words)

	Nara Buddhism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The six schools of Nara Buddhism, introduced into Japan during the seventh and eighth centuries CE were Hosso (= Mind-Only, Yogacara); Sanron (= Three Treatises, Madhyamika), Kegon (Flower-Garland, Avatamsaka); Ritsu (= Rules of Discipline, Vinaya); Jojitsu (= Establishment of truth, Satyasiddhi); and Kusha (study of the Abhidharma-kosha texts).
		The city of Nara grew around the imperial palace, major shrines connected with the ancestors of the ruling families and Buddhist temples connected with the Nara schools.
		Nara Buddhism is symbolised by the rich assortment of classical temple buildings sponsored by the court, and by an exceptional legacy of Buddhist temple painting and sculpture, some of it deriving from the 'silk road' trade route with China.
	philtar.ucsm.ac.uk /encyclopedia/easia/nara.html (497 words)

	Nara -A journey to the ancient city-
		Located almost at the center of the Japanese archipelago, Nara Prefecture is an inland prefecture surrounded by the four prefectures of Osaka to the west, Kyoto to the north, Wakayama to the south and Mie to the east.
		Nara, with a total population of some 1.44 million, has a diversified geography, a plane to the north and the Kii Mountain Range, or 'the Roof of Kinki (or Osaka Area)' to the south.
		Nara occupies an important position in the history of Japan; it is said that the first state was located in Nara.
	www.pref.nara.jp /nara_e/index.html (315 words)

	Yoshitomo Nara
		Born in 1959 in Hirosaki, Japan, Yoshitomo Nara is one of the most influential artists to emerge from Japan during the Pop art movement of the nineties.
		Nara's tapping into horror through the medium of the innocent child is particularly poignant in Japan's controlled society of rigid language and social structures, especially considering recent shockingly violent crimes in Japan involving children as the aggressors.
		Nara's work really instills the viewer with a juxtaposition of the innocence of children and the evil nature of humanity, or the fall from grace.
	www.sweatyfrog.com /nara.html (196 words)

	Nara Prefecture of Japan - Japan's Geography
		Nara is bordered to the west by Wakayama prefecture and Osaka prefecture; on the north by Kyoto prefecture and Aichi prefecture, and on the east by Mie prefecture.
		Despite being in the middle of Japan, Nara is one of Japan's warmest prefectures.
		Summer in Nara is known for being hot and humid, with high temperatures ranging between 25 C in the mountains and 35 C in the northern plains.
	www.japan-101.com /geography/geography_prefecture_nara.htm (562 words)

	Japanese history: Nara, Heian Periods
		The monasteries quickly gained such strong political influence that, in order to protect the position of the emperor and central government, the capital was moved to Nagaoka in 784, and finally to Heian (Kyoto) in 794 where it should remain for over one thousand years.
		One characteristic of the Nara and Heian periods is a gradual decline of Chinese influence which, nevertheless, remained strong.
		Among the worst failures of the Taika reforms were the land and taxation reforms: High taxes resulted in the impoverishment of many farmers who then had to sell their properties and became tenants of larger land owners.
	www.japan-guide.com /e/e2132.html (641 words)

	Nara Travel Guide
		Japan's first permanent capital was established in the year 710 at Heijo, the city now known as Nara.
		As the influence and political ambitions of the city's powerful Buddhist monasteries grew to become a serious threat to the government, the capital was moved to Nagaoka in 784.
		Nara is located in the Kinai plain, less than one hour from Kyoto and Osaka.
	www.japan-guide.com /e/e2165.html (117 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Have Your Say \| Why are suicide pacts on the rise in Japan?
		Yes, Japan has its problems, but I think it is all too popular for people around the world to scrutinise and blame the Japanese people for their problems when we don't treat other countries with the same kind of patronising contempt.
		Perhaps if the youth of Japan and other countries were offered the opportunity to carry out charity and humanitarian work, and be supported to the extent of their living costs by their government, they would find this a more meaningful future than corporate subservience or death.
		Japan is a hugely complex and traditional society existing in juxtaposition with modern social and economic advances.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/talking_point/3737072.stm (4719 words)

	AllRefer.com - Nara, Japan (Japanese Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		An ancient cultural and religious center, it was founded in 706 by imperial decree and was modeled after Chang'an (see Xi'an), the capital of T'ang China.
		Nara was (710–84) the first permanent capital of Japan.
		Nara Park, the largest (1,250 acres/506 hectares) city park in Japan, includes the celebrated Imperial Museum, which houses ancient art treasures and relics.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/N/Nara.html (261 words)

	Nara Japan
		Japan during the Nara period, however, was primarily an agricultural and village-based society.
		The Nara emperors in particular deeply reverenced a Buddhist teaching called the Sutra of Golden Light ; in it, Buddha is established not only as a historical human being but also as the Law or Truth of the universe.
		Although Buddhism entered Japan in 518, it was during the Nara period that it became a solid presence in Japanese culture.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/ANCJAPAN/NARA.HTM (410 words)

	Japan NARA AND HEIAN PERIODS, A.D. 710-1185 - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current ...
		Reforms and bureaucratization of government led to the establishment of a permanent imperial capital at Heijokyo, or Nara, in A.D. The capital at Nara, which gave its name to the new period (710-94), was styled after the grand Chinese Tang Dynasty (618-907) capital at Chang'an and was the first truly urban center in Japan.
		Outside the Nara area, however, there was little commercial activity, and in the provinces the old Shotoku land reform systems declined.
		In the late Nara period, financial burdens on the state increased, and the court began dismissing nonessential officials.
	workmall.com /wfb2001/japan/japan_history_nara_and_heian_periods_ad_710_1185.html (432 words)

	Asia Society: Japanese Art - Kneeling Woman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Chinese influence on Japan reached a peak in the eighth century, and even Nara, its capital, was modeled after the Chinese capital Xi'an.
		Japan's desire for international respectability led to the emulation of an urbane, continental culture, represented at the time by China.
		Japan's relationship to the world has been characterized by cycles of insularity alternating with intense and even aggressive interaction.
	www.asiasociety.org /arts/japanmovie/object13.html (195 words)

	San Jose Museum of Art \| UPCOMING EXHIBITIONS
		Tokyo-based artist Yoshitomo Nara creates deceptively simple paintings, sculptures, and drawings that invite us to reconnect with the defiant spirit that comes with youthful optimism and the belief that we may someday be able to change the world.
		While Nara is among the most celebrated of his generation and has much in common with his contemporaries, the popularity of his work transcends national boundaries.
		Yoshitomo Nara was born in 1959 in Aomori Prefecture, Japan.
	www.sjmusart.org /content/exhibitions/upcoming/exhibition_info.phtml?itemID=147 (910 words)

	Nara, Japan
		Nara can be done as a side trip from Kyoto, but if you have more time, although small, with temples, shops, museums, parks, gardens there is a lot to see.
		Nara is small enough that bicycles are a effitient means of travel.
		Nara Nara Kan located inside the same building as the Nara Kintetsu station is another great place to learn more about Buddhist art.
	www.bornplaydie.com /japan/travel/nara/nara.htm (1497 words)

	The 2002 Smithsonian Folklife Festival: Connecting Culture, Creating Trust
		Japan’s ruler sent envoys to the court of the ruler of the Chinese Han dynasty; after this visit China and Japan established trade relations, but they were not particularly strong.
		Later Buddhism was introduced from China to Japan (having come to China from India in the 1st century c.e.).
		However, the period of greatest Chinese influence in Japan was the 7th through 10th centuries.
	www.silkroadproject.org /smithsonian/nara.html (248 words)

	CIA - The World Factbook -- Japan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Japan became a regional power that was able to defeat the forces of both China and Russia.
		Japan maintains one of the world's largest fishing fleets and accounts for nearly 15% of the global catch.
		Japan's huge government debt, which totals more than 160% of GDP, and the aging of the population are two major long-run problems.
	www.cia.gov /cia/publications/factbook/geos/ja.html (1477 words)

	AI Asia - Nara/Tenpyo Period (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Although Buddhism entered Japan in 518, it was during the Nara period that it became a solid presence in Japanese culture when several schools of Buddhist thought imported from T'ang China made their way to the capital city.
		The devoutness that the Nara emperors held for Buddhism guaranteed its rapid and dramatic expansion into Japanese culture and Buddhist temples were built all over Japan as local authorities were ordered to establish them (Kokubunji and Kokubunniji) divided into each region in Japan.
		In 708 she moved the capital city of Japan from Fujiwara to Heijo-Kyo, west of the modern city of Nara, thus giving the Nara period of Japanese history its name.
	www.antiquatedideas.com /cgi-antiquatedideas/asia/topic.cgi?forum=31&topic=6 (914 words)

	Etchings from Angkor, Cambodia and Nara, Japan
		Schmeisser has fostered an ongoing relationship between Canberra and Japan over the years, with groups of students from the Canberra School of Art (where he was Head of Printmaking from 1978-97) exchanging every other year with those from Kyoto Seika University.
		In the prints recently made in Nara, the stories that are inevitably connected to the objects began to emerge.
		In the current exhibit, the etchings of the shrines of Nara embrace the facades, interiors and the details of this remarkable culture.
	www.wmgallery.com /news/apr00.html (801 words)

	Nara -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The city of Nara, the prefectural capital, is located in the hilly northeastern edge of the Nara Basin, 25 miles (40 km) east of Osaka.
		It was the national capital of Japan from 710 to 784—when it was called Heijo-kyo—and retains the atmosphere of ancient Japan.
		Nara, the country's first permanent capital, was modeled on the Chinese T'ang dynasty (618–907) capital, Ch'ang-an.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9054830?tocId=9054830 (861 words)

	Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara - UNESCO World Heritage Centre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Nara was the capital of Japan from 710 to 784.
		Criterion (ii): The historic monuments of ancient Nara bear exceptional witness to the evolution of Japanese architecture and art as a result of cultural links with China and Korea which were to have a profound influence on future developments.
		Criterion (iv): The layout of the Imperial Palace and the design of the surviving monuments in Nara are outstanding examples of the architecture and planning of early Asian capital cities.
	whc.unesco.org /pg.cfm?cid=31&id_site=870 (255 words)

	NARA HOTELS & TRAVEL GUIDE - SAVE UP TO 70% ON NARA HOTELS RESERVATIONS
		Nara is a city in the Kansai region of Japan and a former capital of Japan.
		However, Nara was a capital long before Kyoto, and today preserves its main sights much more attractively than Kyoto within the large Nara Park.
		Heijo Palace was the Imperial Palace of Japan during the Nara Period.
	www.japaneselifestyle.com.au /travel/nara.htm (347 words)

	Asia on the Matrix: Japan
		While Japan is still a place of serene art, refined poetry and frequent festivals, modern life now dominates these quaint holdovers from the past.
		For ten centuries (from 794 to 1868) Kyoto was the imperial capital of Japan and official residence of the Emperor, though real political power often resided elsewhere with whatever Shogun held power at the moment.
		As the court grew, these relocations became expensive and so Nara was chosen as the new, permanent capital.
	www.on-the-matrix.com /asia/japan.asp (577 words)

	Japanese Art History
		In 552 at the beginning of the Asuka period Buddhism was brought from China to Japan.
		In 710 the city of Nara in the province of Yamato became the capital of Japan.
		During the Nara period - under the influence of Buddhism - Japan assimilated the style of the Chinese Tang dynasty.
	www.artelino.com /articles/japanese_art_history.asp (756 words)

	Nara : Introduction \| Frommers.com
		It was during the Nara Period that Japan's first historical account, first mythological chronicle, and first poetry anthology (with 4,173 poems) were written.
		Buddhism also flourished, and Nara grew as the political and cultural center of the land with numerous temples, shrines, pagodas, and palaces.
		Remarkably enough, many of Nara's historic buildings and temples remain intact, and long ago someone had enough foresight to enclose many of these historical structures in the quiet and peaceful confines of a large and spacious park, which has the added attraction of free-roaming deer.
	www.frommers.com /destinations/nara/1045010001.html (314 words)

	Japan, Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara
		Nara, founded as Heijokyo (Heijo Capital), was the capital of Japan between 710 and 784.
		Nara has many historic monuments, in particular Buddhist temples and Shinto shrines.
		In 784 the capital was moved to Nagaoka, currently a suburb of Kyoto, and in 794 to Kyoto.
	leonardfrank.com /Worldheritage/Nara.html (72 words)

	Japan 5 Photographs: Kyoto Area
		In Nara, the Kofukuji pagoda which dates to 1426 is located near Sarusawa Pond, a serene place for citizens to congregate and relax.
		In Nara, the Kofukuji Temple five storied pagoda dates to 1426 and is a replica of an 8th century pagoda.
		At Nara, the oldest capital, two lion-dogs that flank a stone torii gate repel evil on a trail that leads toward a temple complex.
	www.danhagerman.com /JapanPhoto5.htm (1966 words)

	Travel for Kids: Nara, Japan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In the 8th century Nara was the capital of Japan.
		Nara Park (Nara Koen) – The deer in Nara Park hark back to an ancient belief that deer were divine messengers from Kasuga gods.
		Unlike the painted pagodas of the Kofuku-ji, the buildings at Nara are subdued colors – natural wood, gray, white.
	www.travelforkids.com /Funtodo/Japan/nara.htm (592 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Japan Three Cities: Tokyo, Kyoto & Ancient Nara (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		From brash, vibrant Tokyo to bustling, haughty Kyoto and serene, cultured Nara, the Cadogan Guide to Japan's capital cities, past and present, reveals the legends and legacies of their courtly pasts.
		It focuses on the cities of Tokyo, Kyoto and Nara rather than the precectures, which is like buying a guidebook to Oklahoma and finding that it only covers Oklahomo City, ignoring the rest of the state.
		Tokyo, Kyoto and Nara are all must-sees on any travel itenary to Japan, so having them all in one book is convenient.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/1860119174?v=glance (846 words)

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