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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Nara period (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Sengoku period (Japanese: æˆ¦å›½æ™‚ä»£, Sengoku-jidai) or Warring States period, was a period of civil war in the history of Japan that spans from the middle 15th to the early 17th centuries.
		The Tōdaiji was the kokubunji of Yamato Province (大和国, present-day Nara Prefecture, 奈良県).
		The conclusion of the Nara period was marked by an imperial decision to abandon the capital at Nara in favor of constructing a new capital at Heian-kyo, modern-day Kyoto.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Nara-period (5042 words)

	Japanese history: Nara, Heian Periods
		In the year 710, the first permanent Japanese capital was established in Nara, a city modelled after the Chinese capital.
		One characteristic of the Nara and Heian periods is a gradual decline of Chinese influence which, nevertheless, remained strong.
		The Fujiwara family controlled the political scene of the Heian period over several centuries through strategic intermarriages with the imperial family and by occupying all the important political offices in Kyoto and the major provinces.
	www.japan-guide.com /e/e2132.html (639 words)

	Japan Reference - Culture - Japanese History : Nara Period 奈良時代
		Reforms and bureaucratization of government led to the establishment of a permanent imperial capital at Heijokyo, or Nara, in A.D. The capital at Nara, which gave its name to the new period (710-794), was styled after the grand Chinese Tang Dynasty (618-907) capital at Chang'an and was the first truly urban center in Japan.
		Some of Japan's literary monuments were written during the Nara period, including the Kojiki and Nihongi, the first national histories compiled in 712 and 720, respectively; the Man'yoshō (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves), an anthology of poems; and the Kaifuso (Fond Recollections of Poetry), an anthology written in Chinese by Japanese emperors and princes.
		Whereas the first phase of shoen development in the early Heian period had seen the opening of new lands and the granting of the use of lands to aristocrats and religious institutions, the second phase saw the growth of patrimonial "house governments," as in the old clan system.
	www.jref.com /culture/nara_period_era.shtml (2393 words)

	Japan Omnibus - History - Early Japanese History
		The Nara Period (710~794) saw the first signs of a tangible culture and it was during this time that the first historical records were kept.
		The city of Nara was the capital and was considerably larger than the city of today.
		Early in the Heian Period (794~1185), the Imperial court received cultural delegations from China and was further strengthened by the conquest of the north of the main island, Honshu.
	www.japan-zone.com /omnibus/history1.shtml (999 words)

	Chronology of Japan's Fine Atrs
		The lecture hall of Toshodaiji, a temple in Nara, is one of the finest extant representations of this style.
		One of the architectural masterpieces of the latter period is the Phoenix Hall of Byodoin temple, which presents an image of a Buddhist paradise based on the teachings of the Jodo sect.
		The period of civil strife among Japan's feudal clans that had continued since the latter half of the fifteenth century came to an end with the unification of the nation by Oda Nobunaga.
	www.kanzaki.com /jinfo/jart-fine.html (1452 words)

	Nara Period - The Art of Asia - Guide to Japanese Historical Periods
		During the Nara period the power and influence of Buddhism grew.
		It was during this period that the colossal bronze Buddha (Daibutsu) of Todai-ji temple was constructed to ensue the prosperity and protection of the entire nation.
		Increased contact with China caused paintings and sculpture to be modeled closely on the style of the contemporary T'ang dynasty.
	www.artsmia.org /art%2Dof%2Dasia/history/japan-nara-period.cfm (110 words)

	Nara period Summary
		During the Nara period (710–794), the Japanese imperial central government was unified, strengthened, and developed through religious ritual and the importation of Chinese bureaucratic methods.
		The conclusion of the Nara period was marked by an imperial decision to abandon the capital at Nara in favor of constructing a new capital at Heian-kyo, modern-day Kyoto.
		The Tōdaiji was the kokubunji of Yamato Province (大和国, present-day Nara Prefecture, 奈良県).
	www.bookrags.com /Nara_period (2111 words)

	Nara Buddhism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The six schools of Nara Buddhism, introduced into Japan during the seventh and eighth centuries CE were Hosso (= Mind-Only, Yogacara); Sanron (= Three Treatises, Madhyamika), Kegon (Flower-Garland, Avatamsaka); Ritsu (= Rules of Discipline, Vinaya); Jojitsu (= Establishment of truth, Satyasiddhi); and Kusha (study of the Abhidharma-kosha texts).
		The city of Nara grew around the imperial palace, major shrines connected with the ancestors of the ruling families and Buddhist temples connected with the Nara schools.
		Nara Buddhism is symbolised by the rich assortment of classical temple buildings sponsored by the court, and by an exceptional legacy of Buddhist temple painting and sculpture, some of it deriving from the 'silk road' trade route with China.
	philtar.ucsm.ac.uk /encyclopedia/easia/nara.html (497 words)

	JapanCorner - The Benihana Guide to Japan
		Japanese culture of this period was influenced by the Tang Dynasty in China.
		The Momoyama period marks the end of a long period of civil strife (as feudal clans fought for control during the latter half of the 15th century) and the beginning of a era of unification under Oda Nobunaga.
		The early part of the Showa period was a period of Japanese Imperialism during which Japan went to war with China, then, after bombing Pearl Harbor in 1941, the United States and the Allied Forces.
	www.japancorner.com /cultural-history.asp (1416 words)

	Page heading
		Some of Japan's literary monuments were written during the Nara period, including the Kojiki and Nihongi, the first national histories compiled in 712 and 720, respectively; the Man'yoshu (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves), an anthology of poems; and the Kaifuso (Fond Recollections of Poetry), an anthology written in Chinese by Japanese emperors and princes.
		Whereas the first phase of shoen development in the early Heian period had seen the opening of new lands and the granting of the use of lands to aristocrats and religious institutions, the second phase saw the growth of patrimonial "house governments," as in the old clan system.
		The period from 1086 to 1156 was the age of supremacy of the Incho and of the rise of the military class throughout the country.
	www.u3abbay.org.au /japan/naraperiod.html (2608 words)

	nara
		Nara was laid out to mirror the structure of the great Tang city of Chang-an (Sian) - with the same grid pattern and many of the buildings constructed to emulate this famous Chinese center.
		Nara in fact is the name given for this period of close relations between China and Japan.
		The height of the Nara period was the middle of the 8
	www.hcc.hawaii.edu /distance/hist151/nara.htm (1589 words)

	14th International Congress of Immunology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Nara flourished as Japan’s most important political and cultural center from the Asuka period in the 6th century, when Buddhism came to Japan, to the Nara period in the 8th century.
		Nara is dotted with wooden structures said to have been built with some of the finest skills in the world, such as Todaiji temple, famous for its large statue of Buddha, and Yakushiji temple.
		Nara was the cradle of the great Japanese arts and the essence of culture in the long-ago Tempyo Period.
	www.congre.co.jp /ici/nara.html (327 words)

	Nara City Home PageNetwork for Ancient and Modern Nara CityHistory of Nara City
		Another strong family, based in the northwestern part of Nara city, was the Hijikata family, which later became known as the Sugawara clan.
		With scores of villages already dotting the area by the late 13th century and due to its steady development of commerce and handicraft manufacturing, Nara flourished as the second capital city, next to Kyôto, until it was surpassed by the developing Sakai at the end of the 15th century.
		This was very disappointing for Nara, which had finally had a chance to make a recovery when it had become the location for the prefectural offices.
	www.city.nara.nara.jp /b_hp/english/kokon/rekishi/index.htm (999 words)

	Rising Sun: A Cultural Portrait of Japan
		The Nara and Heian periods mark the height of China's influence on Japan.
		The Nara period showed a huge gap between the Japanese artistocracy to the rest of the Japanesepeople.
		Though there was a definiteperiod of peace during the Nara period, evident in the fact thatthe capital had no protecting fortress or moat surrounding it,the Heian period is regarded as a period of unprecedent securityfor Japan.
	library.thinkquest.org /C006089/politics/history4.html (911 words)

	Horyuji Temple, Nara
		To the west of the Lecture Hall is the Kyozo (Sutra Hall), of the Tempyo period, with a wooden statue of the Korean priest Kanroku, who came to Nara in 607.
		The belltower, Shoro, was rebuilt in the Heian period; the bell is believed to date from the 8th C. Immediately east of the courtyard stands the Shoryoin (rebuilt 1121), dedicated to the soul of Shotoku-taishi, formerly the priests' quarters.
		In this hall is a statue of Shotoku-taishi, clad in the sumptuous ceremonial garments of the T'ang period and flanked by statues of various dignitaries, including the priest Eji.
	www.planetware.com /nara/horyuji-temple-jpn-ks-hory.htm (1272 words)

	JAPANESE ART. The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition. 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		In the sculpture of the Nara period (710–784) clay figures and statues made in the dry-lacquer process (lacquer applied to a solid core of wood or lacquered cloths placed over some kind of armature) attained great popularity.
		During the Nara period the traditional technical methods of Japanese painting were established.
		In the Kamakura period (late 12th–14th cent.) the country was governed by the military, which preferred boldness to refinement, action to contemplative atmosphere, and realism to formality.
	www.bartleby.com /aol/65/ja/Japan-art.html (1075 words)

	Nara, Japan
		The city of Nara, celebrated as the cradle of Japanese culture, lies in central Honshu, to the south of Lake Biwa, surrounded by hills, forests and fields, with the Nara Basin extending to the south.
		Nara rapidly developed into the political and cultural center of the country, and its importance was reflected in its population, which even in these early days reached 200,000.
		The Nara period reached its climax in the reign of Shomu-tenno (701-756), who commissioned the Daibutsu, a bronze statue of Buddha 52ft/ 16m high.
	www.planetware.com /japan/nara-jpn-ks-nara.htm (627 words)

	History of Japan (Nara and Heian Periods)
		One characteristic of the Nara and Heian periods is a gradual decline of Chinese influence which, nevertheless, remained strong.
		Among the worst failures of the Taika reforms were the land and taxation reforms: High taxes resulted in the impoverishment of many farmers who then had to sell their properties and became tenants of larger land owners.
		The Fujiwara family controlled the political scene of the Heian period over several centuries through strategic intermarriages with the imperial family and by occupying all the important political offices in Kyoto and the major provinces.
	members.tripod.com /tokyo_japan2004/pages/nara_heian_periods.htm (659 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Nara period (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Empress Gemmei established the capital at Nara, also known as Heijo kyo, where it remained the capital of Japanese civilization until the Emperor Kammu established the new capital at Nagaoka[?].
		The capital at Nara was modelled after Chang'an (Xian), the capital city of Tang China.
		Concentrated efforts by the imperial court to record and document it's history produced the first works of Japanese literature during the Nara period.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/na/Nara_period (267 words)

	Asuka period
		The Yamato state evolved much during the Asuka period, which is named after the Asuka region, near the center of the modern Nara Prefecture, the site of numerous temporary imperial capitals established during the period.
		The number and cultural impact of the refugees during this period was downplayed during the occupation of Korea in the earlier part of the twentieth centry, due to somewhat obvious political reasons.
		With the dawn of the Asuka period the use of elaborate kofun tombs by the imperial family and other elite fell out of use because of prevailing new Buddhist beliefs, which put greater emphasis on the transience of human life.
	www.1bx.com /en/Asuka_period.htm (3847 words)

	Introduction to the Heian Period: The Asuka and Nara Periods
		The Nara period began in 710 when the Empress Genmei declared that the capital would move to Nara, and ended in 784.
		Politics in the Nara period in particular were dominated by a succession of strong female sovereigns.
		The last emporer of the Nara period, Kanmu, in fact moved the capital away from Nara to escape the influence of the Buddhist clergy.
	www.courses.psu.edu /spcom/spcom483_sdp2/lectures/Bill/intro.html (1610 words)

	Sacred Places: The Temples of Ancient Nara
		It was renamed as the city of Nara The city of Nara, was one of the most significant capitals of the Ancient world.
		The earliest of the Nara temples was the Kofuku-ji.
		In his book, Temples of Nara and their Art Ooka, Minura explains that "The golden hall" was the heart of the temple, and "The lecture hall" served as the place for Buddhist practice.
	www.arthistory.sbc.edu /sacredplaces/nara.html (655 words)

	narajapan.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		In Shintoism, death was defiling, so that at the death of an emperor or empress, the residence was abandoned or destroyed, and the residence of his successor became the new seat of government.
		Nara ceased to be the capital after 794, and as a result, few building were added after that date — so that it remains a T'ang period city, unique in the world (T'ang-era architecture didn't survive in China).
		The Heian period was one of general economic expansion, but the central government didn’t benefit.
	www.loyno.edu /~seduffy/narajapan.html (2672 words)

	The World Meets Kansai's Taste
		Nara prefecture, which, in Kojiki (the oldest book in Japan) is identified as the country's origin, is a basin surrounded by mountains and hills.
		This ancient capital was the end of the Silk Road from the east, blending goods, ideas and culture from China and its neighboring countries in the West.
		Vegetables pickled in the sake-kasu as early as the Nara period were known as shiru-kasu-zuke.
	www.kippo.or.jp /culture_e/syoku/umiyama/nara01.html (1065 words)

	JAL Guide to Japan - Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara ( World Heritage )
		Following the Nara period, the city of Nara developed as a city of temples and shrines and despite repeated reconstruction and restoration, surviving the war between the Genji and Heishi clans in the 12th century and many other wars since, it is still standing proud.
		Moreover, the history and cultural value of the whole city of Nara which houses these eight properties is highly regarded globally and of prime importance nationally.
		However, when chopsticks were recovered from the site of the Nara Palace site the debate ended as the chopsticks were in the same form as today's modern version chopsticks; a discovery that established a link between the people of Nara and the use of chopsticks as every day utensils.
	www.jal.com /world/en/guidetojapan/world_heritage/nara/description (525 words)

	Nara
		During the Asuka or Yamato Period, the influence of Chinese culture and religion, introduced by Korean Buddhist priests, began to dominate the Japanese court.
		Although Emperor Kammu moved the capital to Nagaoka, north of Nara, in 784, the period from 710 to 794 (when the capital was moved again, to Kyoto) is known as the “Nara Period” (also called the Tempyo Period in referring to art).
		A famous attraction of the Nara area is Nara Park, which covers 525 hectares (1,297 acres) of woodland and is the largest municipal park in Japan.
	sbarnhill.mvps.org /Japan/Attractions/Nara.htm (826 words)

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