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Topic: Narodna Odbrana

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	Spotlight on Nation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		The Secret Society of Narodna Odbrana is a massive, economically powerful nation, notable for its complete absence of social welfare.
		Narodna Odbrana's national animal is the Black Widow, which teeters on the brink of extinction due to widespread deforestation, and its currency is the dinar.
		Narodna Odbrana is ranked 1st in the region and 4,836th in the world for Most Corrupt Governments.
	www.nationstates.net /cgi-bin/index.cgi/-1/page=display_nation/nation=narodna_odbrana (208 words)

	The Black Hand (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		The purpose of the group was to recruit and train partisans for a possible war between Serbia and Austria.
		Narodna Odbrana's work had been so effective that in 1909 a furious Austria pressured the Serbian government to put a stop to their anti-Austrian insurrection.
		From then on, Narodna Odbrana concentrated on education and propaganda within Serbia, trying to fashion itself as a cultural organization.
	www.lib.byu.edu /~rdh/wwi/comment/blk-hand.html (1110 words)

	The Narodna Odbrana 1911
		However, the Narodna Odbrana is not content with this, for it regards the so-called peaceful present-day conditions as war, and demands heroes, too, for this struggle of today which we are carrying on in Serbia and beyond the frontier.
		While the Narodna Odbrana works in conformity with the times according to the altered conditions, it also maintains all the connections made at the time of the annexation today therefore it is the same as it was at the time of the annexation.
		Today, too, it is Odbrana (defence); today, too, Narodna (of the people); today, too, it gathers under its standard the citizens of Serbia as it gathered them at the time of the annexation.
	teachers.sduhsd.k12.ca.us /ltrupe/sources/wwi/nbrona_ordana.htm (670 words)

	children in history -- Gavrilo Princip (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		The goal of Narodna Odbrana was to recruit and train agents to persue to gain control of Bosnia even if it meant war with Austria.
		Narodna Odbrana shifted its focus to education and propaganda within Serbia itself, refashinning itself as a more benign cultural organization.
		Many members of Narodna Odbrana were not prepared to suspend their anti-Austrian agitation.
	histclo.hispeed.com /child/chron/mod/20/child-gav.html (3075 words)

	Owings - The Sarajevo Trial - Part One
		Some of the officials of the "Narodna odbrana" were also officials in the Serbian government, and as this trial transcript depicts, able to call on the assistance of still other government officials to obtain the contraband bombs and pistols and facilitate their crossing the border.
		The Austrian government confused the roles of the "Narodna odbrana" and the Black Hand, and at the Sarajevo Trial tried to make a case for the proposition that it was the "Narodna odbrana" that had plotted the killing.
		It is now nearly certain that the "Narodna odbrana" as such had nothing to do with the assassination, but it is equally certain that some of the individuals in it supplied the arms and aid that the Belgrade troika required.
	www.ucis.pitt.edu /eehistory/H200Readings/Topic6-R2.html (5527 words)

	First World War.com - Primary Documents - Austrian Report on Archduke's Assassination in June 1914
		Princip and Cabrinovic desired at first to procure the bombs and weapons necessary for the execution of the deed from the Serbian Major Milan Pribicevic or from the Narodna Odbrana, (see Note 1) as they themselves did not possess the means for their purchase.
		It is clear how far the criminal agitation of the Narodna Odbrana and those who shared in its views, has of late been primarily directed against the person of the hereditary Archduke.
		From these facts, the conclusion may be drawn that the Narodna Odbrana, as well as the associations hostile to the Monarchy in Serbia, which were grouped round it, recently decided that the hour had struck to translate theory into practice.
	www.firstworldwar.com /source/austrianreport.htm (1428 words)

	Assassination of Francis Ferdinand (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		The Narodna Odbrana was a well-developed revolutionary organization that had its roots in the so-called annexation crisis of 1908, when Austria-Hungary annexed the province of Bosnia-Herzegovina.
		When the opportunity arose to infiltrate the Narodna Odbrana, the stage was set for these two revolutionary organizations to plan the assassination of the Austrian heir to the throne.
		Note: The Narodna Odbrana was designed to oppose Austria when Serbia agreed in 1909 not to protest the annexation of Bosnia.
	mars.vnet.wnec.edu /~grempel/courses/ww1/lectures/assasination.html (2422 words)

	WWI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		It was at this time that Russia made new diplomatic overtures to the Serbs in order to maintain influence in the Balkans, and to play a calculated game of geopolitical chess with their Austrian competitor.
		Around 1908, the Narodna Odbrana ("Defense of the People") was formed.
		Gavrilo Princip, the assassin of the Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife, was a member of the Narodna Odbrana.
	www.germantownacademy.org /academics/us/TECHsite/WWIsite/WWIpages/docsNARODNA.Html (392 words)

	The Press: Article 4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		The president-elect was Rev. Kokuljevic, and the vice-president was Gajo Vasiljevic.
		To mobilize their supporters for various social events, each Narodna Odbrana has its own weekly newspaper.
		It is not possible to enumerate here all of the activities of the Serbian shield societies, it will suffice to say that their role for Serbians should be recognized not only as political organizations, but also as fraternal, humanistic and even philanthropic.
	collections.ic.gc.ca /polyphony/press_art4.html (1936 words)

	The Austro-Hungarian Red Book, Part II
		An appeal by the Narodna Odbrana appears as a supplement to the Servian Official Gazette, "Srpski Novine," of 28th June, 1914 (new style), and was supplied to all subscribers to the paper.
		The control of the Narodna Odbrana is in the hands of representatives of all parties, so as to win over both the progressives and those who are hostile to the conspirators.
		The object of the Narodna Odbrana is to develop effective propaganda in military and civilian circles in the Southern-Slav portions of Austria-Hungary, with the object of preparing for a revolution, interference with any mobilisation that may take place, and the initiation of panics, revolts, &c.
	www.gwpda.org /papers/red2.htm (9895 words)

	[No title]
		The first, the Narodna Odbrana (National Defense), was founded in December 1908 at the time of the annexation crisis.
		He had been one of the participants in the 1903 revolution; in 1913 he was chief of intelligence of the Serbian General Staff.
		The aim, as stated in its constitution, was "the idea of unification of Serbdom; all Serbs, regardless of sex, religion or place of birth, can become members, and anyone else who is prepared to serve this ideal faithfully." It intended to use "revolutionary action rather than cultural," and therefore it was to remain secret.
	coursesa.matrix.msu.edu /~fisher/bosnia/readings/jelavic1.html (3550 words)

	Friedrich Wiesner (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Wiesner accused the mostly propagandist Narodna Odbrana of masterminding the event, rather than the “Black Hand” organisation, which was mostly a lower class terror movement.
		Narodna Odbrana had many members of the Serbian military as members, including Apis, Colonel Dragutin Dmitrijevic, who supplied the logistics and gave orders to the Black Hand members who traveled to Kraguljevac for weapons and training.
		However, this information was learned during the trial of the conspirators, after Wiesner’s work was finished and the war had already begun.
	www.geocities.com /veldes1/wiesner.html (453 words)

	Tragac: narodna (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		of the society's programme which appeared in the Narodna Odbrana,...
		JU Narodna i univerzitetska biblioteka "Derviš Sušić" Tuzla
		kao obavezni (arhivski) primjerak, Narodna biblioteka dobijala na...
	www.tragac.com /narodna-3.html (171 words)

	The Assassination at Sarajevo
		One of the leaders of the "Narodna Odbrana," Borijove Jevtic, who was arrested with Princip immediately after the assassination, later gave this firsthand account of the crime.
		A tiny clipping from a newspaper, mailed without comment from a secret band of terrorists in Zagreb, capital of Croatia, to their comrades in Belgrade, was the torch which set the world afire with war in 1914.
		Several years before the war, a little group of us, thirty-five in all, living in several Bosnian and Hercegovinian cities and villages, formed the "Narodna Odbrana," the secret society, the aim of which was to work for freedom from Austria and a union with Serbia.
	www.ucis.pitt.edu /eehistory/H200Readings/Topic6-R1.html (1456 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		The Narodna Odbrana was forced to listen and instead they concentrated on “education and propaganda” in Serbia.
		According to their constitution it was the “duty of every member to recruit new memberevery introducing member shall vouch with his own life for all those whom he introduces into the organization”.
		Borijov Jevtic, a Narodna Odbrana member remembers what happened when the group received the news that Archduke Franz Ferdinand would be in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914.
	students.concord.edu /mlstover/paper.doc (3526 words)

	The July (1914) Crisis: Serbia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Immediately after the Sarajevo outrage the Austro-Hungarian press began to accuse Serbia of that detestable crime, which, in the opinion of that press, was the direct result of the Great Serbian idea.
		The Austrian press further contended that that idea w as spread and propagated by various [nationalist] associations, such as the "Narodna Odbrana,".
		On learning of the murder, the Serbian Royal Family, as well as the Serbian Government, sent messages of condolence, and at the same time expressed severe condemnation of and horror at the crime that had been committed.
	web.jjay.cuny.edu /~jobrien/reference/ob110.html (672 words)

	Serbian nationalism from the "Nacertanije" to the Yugoslav Kingdom
		Serbia's largest nationalist society was "Narodna Odbrana" (National Defence), founded to support guerilla units in Macedonia.
		By 1909, Narodna Odbrana was confining itself to cultural matters and education, but its local committees still provided a network for subversives.
		More dangerous was "Ujedinjenje ili Smrt" (Union or Death) known as the "Black Hand." Apis organized the society in 1911 from among the regicides of 1903: they swore an oath of secrecy and agreed to obey orders on pain of death.
	www.lib.msu.edu /sowards/balkan/lect13.htm (4585 words)

	[No title]
		Potoa vo Skopje na sredbata na ministrite za narodna odbrana na dvete zemji, bea potpisani poveke dogovori za sorabotka od oblasta na odbranata, a megju prvite i dogovor za razmena na voeni atasea vo dvete zemji.
		Posetata na svoite slovenecki kolegi ministerot za odbrana na RM, Vlado Popovski ja oceni kako mosne znacajna vo ramkite na idnite pregovori, sredbi i sorabotka i izrazi veruvanje deka Slovenija ke i pomogne na Republika Makedonija vo asociranjeto na globalnite odbrambeni sistemi i osobeno vo inicijativata "Partnerstvo za mir".
		Delegacijata na Ministerstvoto za odbrana na Republika Slovenija bese primena i od premierot Branko Crvenkovski.
	www.b-info.com /places/Macedonia/republic/news/94-07/94-07-12.mil (4016 words)

	FranzFerdinand.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		On June 28 1914, the Archduke Franz Ferdinand visited Sarajevo, to review army manoeuvres.
		Narodna Odbrana, Serbia's secret patriotic society, planned assassination.
		Later in the day, as the Archduke and his wife motored out of the city, Gavrilo Princip closed on the archducal car with a pistol.
	www.franzferdinand.org /press/f_guardian_160204.htm (595 words)

	Books: Black Hand Over Europe - Pan-Slavism Appendices: The Hidden Side of the Balkan Pact
		Never, since the days of April 1914 when the Russian military party and the Pan-Serbs of the Narodna Odbrana collaborated in the preparation for the assassination at Sarajevo, has peace been more directly and immediately menaced than it has been since the signing of the Balkan Pact.
		It is only one of the long series of crimes committed and to be committed by the Pan-Serb terrorist organisation, the Narodna Odbrana.
		It is your intention, I believe, to publish the manuscript which the Serb patriot left in your hands before falling a victim to the Narodna Odbrana.
	www.hic.hr /books/blackhand/panslavism.htm (3237 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Princip was a member of Mlada Bosna (Young Bosnia), a splinter group of Narodna Odbrana (Defense of the People).
		One of their pamphlets announced that the "Narodna Odbrana does not doubt that in the fight against the enemies with whom we stand face to face, our people will provide a succession of heroes." Princip was brutalized at the scenes of the assassination, but was spared the death penalty because of his youth.
		Kaiser Wilhelm II [Frederick Victor Wilhelm Albert of Hohenzollern] (1859-1941) Grandson of England's Queen Victoria, Kaiser Wilhelm was preoccupied with a desire to win what he called an "undisputed" "place in the sun" for Germany.
	www.dlt.ncssm.edu /lmtm/docs/WWI/glossary.doc (2292 words)

	Gooch - Appendix B
		The whole of the public life of Servia teems with the propaganda against the Monarchy of the Narodna Odbrana and of societies affiliated to it, it is therefore quite impossible to admit the reservation made by the Servian Government when they say that they know nothing about them.
		The Belgrade Cabinet maintains complete silence in both these directions, so that the half consent which has been given us offers no guarantee that it is contemplated to put a definite end to the activities of the associations hostile to the Monarchy, especially of the Narodna Odbrana, by their dissolution.
		Néanmoins, le Gouvernement Royal acceptera la demande du Gouvernement Impérial et Royal et dissoudra la société "Narodna Odbrana" et toute autre sociéte qui agirait contre l'Autriche-Hongrie.
	www.gwpda.org /gooch/appxb.htm (1551 words)

	[No title]
		Makedonksiot minister za odbrana objasni deka Makedonija svojata armija ja prisposobuva kon standardite na NATO, pred se vo obrazovanieto na svoite kadri.
		Vednas po donesuvanjeto na Zakonot za narodna odbrana gi konsdtituiravme dvata roda sto postojat vo nasata Armija.
		Kopnenata vojska i voenoto vozduhoplovstvo i protivvozdusna odbrana.
	www.b-info.com /places/Macedonia/republic/news/95-07/95-07-05.mic (3012 words)

	PlanetPapers - The Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand : Trigger for War
		Two days later, many men, some of them ranking Serbian ministers, officials, and generals, held a meeting at City Hall in Belgrade.
		They founded a semi-secret society, Narodna Odbrana (National Defense), which gave Pan-Slavism a focus and an organization.
		Members rarely knew much more than the members of their own cell and one superior above them, to ensure that the group's leaders would remain secret.
	www.planetpapers.com /Assets/3241.php (2521 words)

	worldwarI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		to undertake with all haste the arrest of Major Voislav Tankositch [Serbian official accused of membership in Narodna Odbrana by Austria-Hungary] and of one Milan Ciganovitch [Serbian official accused of membership in Narodna Odbrana by Austria-Hungary], a Serbian official, who have been compromised by the results of the inquiry;
		In 1911, "Union or Death," also known as the Black Hand, formed as an outgrowth of this older Serb nationalist group.
		Document July 26, 1913 Serbian official accused of membership in Narodna Odbrana by Austria-Hungary Serbian official accused of membership in Narodna Odbrana by Austria-Hungary Serbian border crossings where members of the Black Hand may have entered Bosnia-Herzogovina enroute to Sarajevo to assassinate Franz Ferdinand.
	enloehs.wcpss.net /socialstudies/mergenthaler/worldwarI.html (2050 words)

	The Balkan causes of World War I
		Investigators quickly learned that the murder weapons came from Serbian sources, but Austrian intelligence failed to distinguish between the roles of the Pasic administration and the unofficial nationalist groups: for that matter, they blamed Narodna Odbrana for the crime, apparently unaware of the Black Hand.
		Within a week, Tisza himself consented to this plan: his only reservation was insistence that no Serbian territory be annexed after the war.
		The final 10-point ultimatum demanded the suppression of anti-Austrian newspapers and organizations (including Narodna Odbrana), a purge of anti-Austrian teachers and officers, and the arrest of certain named offenders.
	www.lib.msu.edu /sowards/balkan/lect15.htm (4360 words)

	jolt.co.uk public forums - The Second Sino-Japanese War - OOC Thread (Age of Imperialism)
		The Austro-Hungarian Empire a/k/a "the Dual Monarchy" (Narodna Odbrana)
		Hey, I have a question: if Japan attacks France in Indochina, does that force Germany to attack France in Europe through their mutual alliance, or is the pact just defencive in nature?
		I will be taking the USA Narodna, I am interesting in seeing what I could do with it.
	forums.jolt.co.uk /showthread.php?threadid=446784 (2238 words)

	The Austrian Ultimatum to Serbia, July 23,1914
		To dissolve immediately the society styled Narodna Odbrana.
		that the Narodna Odbrana and other similar societies have committed up to the present any criminal act of this nature.
		dissolve the Narodna Obrana and every other society which.
	web.jjay.cuny.edu /~jobrien/reference/ob17.html (1028 words)

	Bold Type: Excerpt by Jô Soares
		The archduke has come to observe military maneuvers at the camp in Filipovic, at the invitation of the governor of Bosnia, General Oskar Potoirek.
		He is unaware that, spaced along the half-kilometer from the railway station to the city hall, where a ceremony is to be held, at least twenty-two armed conspirators from the Narodna Odbrana, the "Nationalist Defense," are waiting for him.
		He deduces that one of the seven men of the Narodna Odbrana threw a bomb, but he doesn't know the outcome.
	www.randomhouse.com /boldtype/0601/soares/excerpt.html (2931 words)

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