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Topic: Narrative structure

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	Narrative Truth
		This is the mark of narrative, and this is why Rhetoric, History and Narrative are all, in fact, forms of narration: they all must, by their very linguistic structure, unfold linearly.
		Ultimately, functions are the only alterable indices within the narrative structure; they effect all higher levels, which in turn, may work as functions themselves: although potentially confusing, we must understand that a sign at the level of action, while composed of functions, is a function itself.
		Whether characters exist in the narrative with dialogue or the narrator simply states that such-and-such a historical figure committed such-and-such an act, the process of relaying this information through the narrative text necessitates a re-creation of the experience, and such a re-creation is always a re-presentation (whether it’s arbitrarily labeled dramatic or otherwise).
	home.nycap.rr.com /foxmob/narrative_history.htm (6532 words)

	Hypertext Structure as the Event of Connection: Miles: JoDI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Narrative is a way of experiencing a group of sentences or pictures (or gestures or dance movements, [nodes] etc.) which together attribute a beginning, middle, and end to something.
		The narrative schemas readers produce are hierarchical and constantly subject to change; these hierarchies are not stable because the relations of cause and effect that are understood to influence these hierarchies are regularly modified by the reader and the narrative.
		Narratives, as causal sets of logical processes, are always understood teleologically, so that for any narrative (and in turn any narrative sequence, including of course Rosenberg’s episode [35]) it is the end that largely determines how we come to understand the logical connection of its parts.
	jodi.ecs.soton.ac.uk /Articles/v02/i03/Miles (5267 words)

	PROGRAMMING NARRATIVE
		Illustrations of building structure in the form of blueprints, narrative structural models such as the Vertag triangle [2], software flowcharts, and visual programming languages (VPLs) such as Prograph CPX [3] are all examples of graphically represented structure.
		Narrative structures offer the writer and the reader/audience a way of understanding these paths, a way of making sense of the many different paths the narrative could take.
		The arrangement of the structural framework has a very strong influence on which clip follows which, such that the next logical clip to be chosen may be from a totally different part of the story base.
	ic.media.mit.edu /Publications/Conferences/ProgrammingNarrative/HTML (3675 words)

	An Introduction To Narrative for AS Students
		When unpacking a narrative in order to find its meaning, there are a series of codes and conventions that need to be considered.
		It is only because we are used to reading narratives from a very early age, and are able to compare texts with others that we understand these conventions.
		A narrative in its most basic sense is a series of events, but in order to construct meaning from the narrative those events must be linked somehow.
	www.mediaknowall.com /alevkeyconcepts/narrative.html (1162 words)

	Reading a Narrative
		Narrative texts, which include both non-fiction (e.g., memoirs) and fiction (e.g., novels), also help us to understand how other texts work by contrasting the different types through the study of different texts and how they work and are made.
		Finally, narrative fiction often provides the only encounter with the imagination during the course of the school day; in this one respect, teaching such texts is vital.
		Narrative texts, for example, demand a sequence and can be described as a pattern, though not always an obvious one.
	www.englishcompanion.com /room82/readnarrative.html (1062 words)

	[No title]
		The Example Structure follows the rules of a traditional academic essay: begin with a main argument or thesis statement, follow this with three pieces of evidence that support the argument, and wrap up by stating what the essay has shown.
		For some questions, this structure is a natural choice, as in the personal growth and development question, which asks you to compare yourself now to the way you once were.
		Narrative can be combined with other structures for an approach that is less risky but still interesting.
	www.collegejournal.com /sidebar/essayedge/ee_lth_structures.html (933 words)

	Possible Worlds Pragmatics of fiction
		This paper argues that there is much more to the specification of narrative states than just stating what is the case and what is not in the world given as "the real one" by the narrative discourse.
		A narrative state is not simply the extension of a set of propositions in a unique domain, but a constellation of possible worlds linked to each other by various types of relations.
		Narratively signficant events are those that create or resolve conflict, by bringing one of the possible worlds of a character’s domain either closer or farther from the actual world.
	lamar.colostate.edu /~pwryan/abstracts4.htm (363 words)

	What Is Narrative?
		The standard news-voice is the voice of a beneficent bureaucracy -- the speech of informative sentinels on the walls of the city, issuing heads-ups to citizens ("A fire yesterday at 145 Elm St. destroyed.
		Narrative is about people doing stuff and, to some extent and in the right places, must reach past civic traits if it is to cover real folks' real stories well.
		This is the very essence of narrative construction: the I-beams of narrative on which all else leans.
	www.nieman.harvard.edu /narrative/what_is.html (432 words)

	The Structure of Narrative
		The narrative below, from the book Life Stories: The Creation of Coherence, by Charlotte Linde (Oxford, 1993, page 84), is relatively simple and undramatic, but its formal structure is clear, and it nicely illustrates what such narratives look like, what their parts are, and how they fit together.
		The structural aspects of this theory can be formalized as a grammar, the instances of which correspond to the legal structures for narratives.
		The narrative presupposition says that the order in which the narrative clauses is given is the same as the order in which they events that they describe occur, unless explicitly indicated otherwise; the last phrase is the reason for call this a "presupposition' - it is a default convention, not an inevitable fact.
	www.cs.ucsd.edu /users/goguen/papers/story.html (589 words)

	Redefining narrative events: Examining television narrative structure Journal of Popular Film and Television - Find ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Scene Function Model is designed to examine the narrative function of television scenes and provide the user with a clearer understanding of the structure of the television narrative.
		On a daily basis, television viewers are presented with stories of heroes and villains caught in the recurring turmoil of interrelationships or in the extraordinary circumstances of epic situations.
		Even though television narratives are as linear as many novels, they exhibit several qualities that distinguish them from other forms of narration--notably a heavy emphasis on character development and continuous storylines that flow between episodes of a series.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0412/is_1_30/ai_84902435 (867 words)

	ReadWriteThink: Lesson Plan: Comics in the Classroom as an Introduction to Narrative Structure
		By consciously structuring the segments of their narratives in this way, students are encouraged to make connections between events so that their significance to the story is obvious.
		Structure the significant events into a traditional plot, using the Comic Strip Narrative Planning Sheet (and if your students need additional reinforcement of the way the structure works, the Plot Structure Graphic Organizer).
		In the remaining five frames of the comic strip illustrate the significant events from your narrative that correspond to the introduction, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution.
	www.readwritethink.org /lessons/lesson_view.asp?id=223 (2562 words)

	202Narrative (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		As such, narrative is a process of posing questions and answering them, with narrative closure arrived at when all questions posed have been answered
		Narrative closure is achieved once all the questions the narrative raises.
		Linear narratives are causal - they follow a chain of events in a chronological fashion.
	pages.emerson.edu /Faculty/P/Peter_Flynn/202Narrative.htm (555 words)

	M. Kearns: Ethos, Morality, and Narrative Structure
		For Booth, "the ethics of narrative is inherently a universal subject: in the beginning, and from then on, there was story, and it was largely in story that human beings were created and now continue to recreate themselves" (39).
		He argues that someone who engages with a narrative in the context of an ethical system that is reflective, pluralistic, and subject to revision is also engaging more of the "whole self" than is someone who looks for "simple moral choices of the kinds that traditional codes are at least said to have provided" (271-72).
		Booth frequently insists that "no narrative will be good or bad for all readers in all circumstances" (489) but also insists that narrative as a form is universally powerful because individual narratives invite readers to share "patterns of life" by experiencing those patterns during the time of reading.
	rmmla.wsu.edu /ereview/56.2/articles/kearns.asp (5772 words)

	The Structure of Narrative
		Notice that all the main verbs are in the narrative past tense, as is usually the case for such narratives of personal experience.
		There are several constructors for building narratives from other material, corresponding to various options for leaving out some material; the priority on these corresponds to how common or ordinary they are.
		The easiest way to summarize this situation is to give a general syntactic expression, the instances of which correspond to the structures for narratives that can be built according to the rules of this sign system.
	www-cse.ucsd.edu /users/goguen/courses/271sp02/story.html (404 words)

	Narrative structure - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Narrative structure is generally described as the structural framework that underlies the order and manner in which a narrative is presented to a reader, listener, or viewer.
		This argument fell out of fashion when advocates of poststructuralism such as Michel Foucault and Jacques Derrida asserted that such universally shared deep structures were logically impossible.
		Hollywood scriptwriters, television soap opera writers and indeed Shakespeare himself pay great attention to issues of structure.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Narrative_structure (236 words)

	Narrative References
		Narratives in manual sign by children with intellectual impairments. In S. Tetzchner and N. Grove (Eds.) Developmental perspectives in augmentative and alternative communication.
		Narrative discourse in children with language disorders and children with normal language: A critical review of the literature.
		Loveland, K.A., and Tunali, B. Narrative language in autism and the theory of mind hypothesis: A wider perspective.
	www.acsu.buffalo.edu /~duchan/narrative_references.html (2176 words)

	Kestner, "Narcissism as Symptom and Structure" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		To be on the surface is to dare the depth.' In this manner, Mary Shelley's narrative structure in Frankenstein employs a narcissistic mise en abyme to analyse a narcissistic abîme.
		When the narrative returns to Walton's, the primary narrative, the narcissistic symptom is confirmed: 'Frankenstein discovered that I made notes concerning his history; he asked to see them, and then himself corrected and augmented them in many places' (p.
		In the literature of narcissism, Mary Shelley's Frankenstein is distinguished by the reciprocal strength of its content and its structure, where the mise en abyme structurally embodies the self-generating, self-contained narcissists of her narrative.
	www.english.upenn.edu /Projects/knarf/Articles/kestner.html (4377 words)

	Activities
		Then, in small groups, students write brief narratives in the third person - one group describes the person or situation in general, other groups focus on key or telling moments.
		After reading the text students can compare their own structure to that of the text and the effectiveness of each.
		Students organize the narrative according to its key moments, and then in groups choose one moment and re-write it from a different perspective (a different character, a different type of narrator).
	www.unc.edu /~echevarr/activities/narrative.html (377 words)

	Film & Narrative
		The characters, settings and events may be different in each story, but the narratives follow similar patterns.
		Within the pattern of the story, time may be managed in various ways; events may be presented chronologically; there may be flashbacks or parallel story lines; parts of the story may be emphasised - more film time may be given to some events or characters than to others.
		In constructing the plot, however, the filmmaker must bear in mind what an audience can take in, given the normal length of a film (one and a half to two and a quarter hours) and the fact that the audience can't ask for sections to be re-run if they get confused.
	www.filmeducation.org /secondary/concept/film-narr/docs/narr3.html (301 words)

	Leithart.com \| Narrative structure of Matthew
		Based on this, Smith claims that the last discourse does not begin until chapter 24, but if the "opening formula" is broken into two verses in chapter 13, there doesn't seem to be any reason it couldn't be delayed to the middle of the final discourse.
		He argues that narratives introduc the discourses, and that each narrative contains a theme that is picked up in the following discourse.
		Unsuccessful as the article is in many ways, its criticisms of narrative criticism are on target and I think Smith is right to defend the five-discourse structure.
	www.leithart.com /archives/002215.php (669 words)

	Leithart.com \| Musical and Narrative Structure
		All of these small units are important for analyzing the structure of the melodic theme, but they are too small to give us a sense of the structure of the whole piece.
		These genuinely are units of the text, and might be useful for discerning the internal structure of these chapters, but there is clearly a continuous story over several chapters concerning the ark, its capture, the Lord's war against Dagon (ch 5) and the ark’s return (ch 6).
		Missing the unity of that "episode" means missing one of the key points of the narrative, which is about the exile and exodus of the Lord's throne.
	www.leithart.com /archives/001555.php (659 words)

	Amazon.com: Narrative Design: A Writer's Guide to Structure: Books: Madison Smartt Bell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Every structural twist and turn is inspected, so that by tale's end we're reminded of those poor little frogs pinned for sixth-grade dissection, no bone left unturned.
		While emphasizing that "form is of first and final importance to any work..." he also pays pleasurable attention to the writer's need for spontaneity, attending to the peculiar struggle battling in the mind of a writer that requires constant shifting between the right and left hemisphere's of the head.
		Bell's "Narrative Design" is a gift for those who care to think seriously and deeply about applying architectural-like standards to narrative structure in the creation of their own literary arts.
	www.amazon.com /Narrative-Design-Writers-Guide-Structure/dp/0393971236 (1489 words)

	Narrative Innovations in Film Noir
		The film opens with Walter Neff (MacMurray) arriving at his office in the middle of the night and delivering into a dictating machine his confession for killing a man—“for money (pause) and for a woman.” These words trigger a flashback that is occasionally narrated by his voice-over confession.
		Voice-over and flashback were persistent stylistic and narrative elements of Film Noir, While Double Indemnity carefully clues the spectator to who is speaking, when, and from where, other films use voice-over and flashback temporality more ambiguously.
		Besides Double Indemnity and Detour, voice-over is a key narrative aspect of “Mildred Pierce”, “Gilda”, “The Lady from Shanghai”, and “Out of the Past”, among Film Noir works already noted, as well as many others.
	www.moderntimes.com /palace/inv_noir.htm (663 words)

	[No title]
		Lacking knowledge about each specific viewer, the author is instead asked to gauge the range of their audience and, in the interest of broadest possible appeal, structure the narrative to please the lowest common denominator.
		The structure itself captures no sense of the history of the experience nor does it have any built-in competency for presenting itself short of the viewers direct use of links or branch points.
		Structure and meaning are considered emergent properties of the storytelling process.
	xenia.media.mit.edu /~murtaugh/thesis/Introduction/Introduction.html (1553 words)

	interaction and narrative: Grand Theft Auto narrative structure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The game is set in a number of fictional cities – the player is encouraged to explore the gameworld as much as she pleases.
		Narratives and sub-narratives are discovered the city is explored, leading to new explorations, money, notoriety, and ultimately new cities.
		When the gameworld presents itself as an open, explorable environment, free of constraints, it is possible to start feeling that the world is yours, instead of an authors.
	www.elasticspace.com /interaction/narrative/14.html (163 words)

	Narrative - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Derived from the Latin word gnarus and the Proto-Indo-European root ghnu, "to know," it came into English via the French language and it is used in a number of specialized applications.
		At its broadest level, Fisher argues that all communication is a form of storytelling.
		Hence, the plot represents the logical and causal structure of a story, explaining why the events occur.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Narrative (1437 words)

	The Elements and Structure of Narrative (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		At the bottom of this triangle is an olive, the nut graf or set-up for a narrative.
		This is a different description of what Roy Peter Clark of Poynter calls the “hourglass,” structure, which turns from inverted pyramid to narrative with some sort of transition like “It started with …” This approach can be effective in using a narrative approach for a daily news story.
		A long narrative is an especially effective approach for a weekend story or for second or third-day coverage of a big news story.
	www.notrain-nogain.org /Train/Res/Write/sbnar.asp (4759 words)

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