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	The Colony of Natal - South African History
		The Zulus regarded Natal as their own territory and merely tolerated the white settlers, because the port was useful to them as a trading post.
		When the Voortrekkers came to Natal in 1836, and fierce battles with the Zulus were on the daily agenda, Durban was also frequently threatened by attacks.
		In 1844, Natal became a Crown Colony and the Voortrekkers retreated.
	www.southafrica-travel.net /history/eh_natal.htm (354 words)

	NATAL - LoveToKnow Article on NATAL
		Flora.Botanically, Natal is divided into three zones: (I) the coast belt, extending from the sea inland to heights of 1500 ft., and in some cases to 1800 and 2000 ft.; (2) the midland region, which rises to 4000 ft.; (3) the upper regions.
		The chief concern of the Natal government was to remodel their native policy where it proved inadequate, especially in view of the growth of the movement for the federation of the South African colonies.
		Natal is the starting-point of the Natal and Nova Cruz railway, and is a port of call for coastwise steamers, which usually anchor outside the bar.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /N/NA/NATAL.htm (18537 words)

	CAPE COLONY - LoveToKnow Article on CAPE COLONY
		The 1875 census gave the population of the colony proper at 720,984, and that of Basuthland at 128,176.
		With the growth of the colony these provinces were found to be inconveniently large, and by an act of government, which became law in 1874, the country was portioned out into seven provinces; about the same time new fiscal divisions were formed within them by the reduction of those already existing.
		Indwe (2608) is the centre of the coalmining region in the east of the colony.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /C/CA/CAPE_COLONY.htm (22138 words)

	CHAPTER I: The Establishment of the Indian Community: The Beginnings of Protest, 1860-1923 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Natal became a British Crown Colony ruled from the Cape in 1843, and by 1856 it was a separate colony with a partly elected legislature with manhood suffrage based on property qualifications.
		After some protracted negotiations between the Natal Government and the secretary of State for the Colonies, the Natal Coolie Law, Law 14 of 1859 was passed.
		In the Cape Colony the Indians were relatively more comfortable, but nevertheless subject to certain humiliating treatment such as refusals to grant trading licences, accommodation in hotels, or education for their children at public schools.
	www.sahistory.org.za /pages/sources/pahad_thesis/chapter1b.htm (2106 words)

	Natal
		On 30 July, 1847, Pius IX established a new vicariate in the eastern portion of Cape Colony.
		When Pius IX erected the Vicariate of Natal, on 15 November, 1830, the area of the new vicariate comprised all the portion of South Africa extending outside the then existing boundaries of Cape Colony.
		Missionary work has been of late years carried on amongst the natives on a very large scale, owing to the advent of some Trappists into the Colony of Natal, who afterwards were organized into the "Congregation of the Missionaries of Mariannhill".
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/n/natal.html (1377 words)

	British Empire: The Map Room: Africa: Natal
		Natal was a colony located in the South East corner of Africa.
		From 1844 to 1856, the colony was administered from the Cape Colony.
		Natal would not be able to isolate itself from the conflicting politics between the Boer and English colonies.
	www.britishempire.co.uk /maproom/natal.htm (1186 words)

	European Settlers up to 1860 - British Settlers in Natal 1824 - 1857 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Natal was decided upon as a field of work instead, and a large farm was purchased in the Greytown district.
		The last addition to Natal’s white population before the advent of the 1860s was the result of a Govenment scheme instituted in 1857, whereby the Government would pay the passages of intending immigrants as long as someone in the Colony would stand surety for the repayment of fares, in instalments, by the immigrants so introduced.
		Natal settlers certainly did not remain in the confines of the Colony.
	www.shelaghspencer.co.za /settlers/european_overview.htm (3888 words)

	Armoria patriæ - Natal Colony
		Brownell quotes from a report in the Natal Mercury of 12 December describing the centre archway: “The frame (of the centre arch) bore a carved shield with the ‘Gnu’ of Natal at its apex.
		In September 1845 Natal was incorporated as a separate district of the Cape Colony and ruled by a handful of officials under a lieutenant-governor who answered to the Governor of the Cape.
		Natal was invaded by forces of the Zuid Afrikaansche Republiek and Oranje Vrij Staat at the outbreak of war in 1899 and endured the siege of Ladysmith and several bloody battles before the town’s recapture.
	www.geocities.com /haigariep/NatalCol.html (4030 words)

	Armoria patriæ - KwaZulu-Natal Province (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		It is indigenous in the warm valleys of Zululand near the sea, but does not occur naturally in the old Natal Colony south of the Thukela River, although it is found in Transkei and as far south in the Eastern Cape Province as Humansdorp.
		The retention of this district by Natal, despite the claims of Eastern Cape, mean that the Eastern Cape district of Umzimkhulu is separated from the rest of that province by KwaZulu-Natal territory.
		Natal was formally annexed as a district of the Cape Colony in 1844, and also had its southern boundary fixed on the Mzimkhulu River.
	uk.geocities.com /landswapen/9prov/KZNe.html (1751 words)

	Journal of Natal and Zulu History (XV, 1995) Nicholls
		The snag for the Natal officials, however, was that it accorded Dinuzulu certain rights which it was inconvenient to the officials that he should exercise.
		The Colonial Office promised that the sentences should be held in suspense until it had considered the cases.101 The Notes of Evidence were prepared for printing in the form of the `Black Book',102 fifty for the Library of the House of Commons, fifty for the House of Lords.
		Tlokwa chief, born in the Harrismith district, moved to Natal 1867, served with Natal forces against Langalibalele and in the Zulu War and assisted in the defeat of the uSuthu in 1888.
	www.pinetreeweb.com /journal-dinizulu.htm (8740 words)

	Natal, South Africa - History and Facts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Territory lying between the Drakensberg and the Indian Ocean, Natal was given its name by the first European to pass by its shores, the Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama, at the end of the 15th century By that time, it had been inhabited for centuries by Bushmen and by Nguni -speaking farmers.
		Although Natal's franchise was theoretically non-racial, like that of the Cape, in practice it was closer to that of the trekker republics: the Exemption and Native Franchise Laws of 1865 required Africans to obtain exemption from customary law before qualifying for the vote, an exemption which was extremely difficult to obtain.
		In 1897, Zululand was incorporated into Natal (the Zulu kingdom having been annexed by the British in 1887 after the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879 and the subsequent civil war).
	about-south-africa.com /html/natal_history.html (662 words)

	Armoria patriæ - Natal Province
		Natal duly applied to the College of Arms to have its arms recorded in the form in which it desired to use them, and this was effected in 1955.”
		Natal included large areas of tribal trust lands, partly originating in the “locations” which Theophilus Shepstone had placed like a patchwork quilt across the pre-1887 Colony of Natal, and partly in the parts of Zululand and the Lake St Lucia and Ingwavuma territories which had remained in the hands of the indigenous people.
		Since Natal had long coveted the area, and its white land-owners had strong ties with the province, this arrangement was accepted by the administration in Pietermaritzburg.
	uk.geocities.com /landswapen/NatalProvE.html (1604 words)

	Natal Colony (South Africa) (1870 - 1910)
		I am directed by the Earl of Carnarvon to transmit to you, to be laid before the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, a copy of a dispatch from the Lieutenant-Governor of Natal, enclosing a revised drawing of the Device to be borne on the flag to be flown by the Governor of that colony.
		Natal had always had a strong British connection and was considered a renegade Province by the rest of the country at that time.
		The legislative Council of the Colony of Natal adopted in August 1870 a Red and Blue Ensign bearing the Colonial Seal on a white roundel as a charge on the fly.
	flagspot.net /flags/za-n.html (1989 words)

	ABSTRACT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The brown long-eared bat, Plecotus auritus, is unusual among temperate zone bats in that summer maternity colonies are comprised of adult males and females, with both sexes displaying natal philopatry and long-term association with a colony.
		The proportion of young fathered by males in their own colony was investigated using a Bayesian approach, incorporating parameters detailing the number of untyped individuals.
		Moreover, since the underlying causes of male natal dispersal in mammals, such as risk of inbreeding or competition for mates, appear to be avoided via extra-colony copulation and low male reproductive skew, both P. auritus males and females are able to benefit from long-term association with the natal colony.
	www.qmw.ac.uk /~ugbt112/abstracts/Burland01.html (248 words)

	CGS - Notes on names... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		John's River Territory was purchased in 1878 from Nquiliso, and annexed to the Cape Colony in 1884.
		The Colony of Natal, subdivided into counties and districts, and Zululand, formed a political unit from the conquest of the Zulu nation until Union, when Zululand, including Tongaland, became a part of the Province of Natal.
		Natal and Zululand were separated by the lower reaches of the Tugela River and the Buffalo River, until the Utrecht and Vryheid areas were annexed by the Transvaal (later South African) Republic.
	www.geoscience.org.za /catalog/names.html (584 words)

	Anglo Boer War Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The murder at Derdepoort near Gaberone; Battle of Graspan, (Enslin); engagement at Carter's Ridge (Lazaretskop), Kimberley, Cape Colony
		Engagement at Jasfontein, Plewmanhalte, Grassy Hill (Graskop) and Skietfontein, Colesberg, Cape Colony
		Engagement at Swartrand, Skirmish near Rensburgstasie, Colesberg, Cape Colony
	www.anglo-boer.co.za /chrono1.html (186 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Natal
		Natal was declared a British colony in 1843.
		Africa; on the east by the Indian Ocean; on the south by Cape Colony (Pondoland); and on the west by Cape Colony (Griqualand East),
		Natal, who afterwards were organized into the "Congregation of the Missionaries of Mariannhill".
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/10707a.htm (1265 words)

	The Battlefields
		Refusing to be subjected to British rule in the Cape Colony, the Voortrekkers headed for the hinterland.
		With the northern triangle of Natal an especially vulnerable region, towns such as Colenso, Dundee, Estcourt, Glencoe, Ladysmith, Newcastle, Utrecht, Volksrust, Vryheid and Winterton became key points during the three year war.
		After four policemen and a trooper were killed at Ambush Rock, colonial forces were called up and Bambatha and his men were trapped and killed in the Mome Gorge.
	www.drakensberg-tourism.com /battlefields.html (1187 words)

	flag of Natal colony -1905 (South Africa) flags
		On page 26 of the SAVA Journal is written: "In line with the Colonial Office dictum of 23 August 1875 (Annexure G), the device on the fly of the Natal Blue Ensign was simplified as illustrated in Fig.3.5." Fig.3.5 is the second badge.
		I am directed by the Earl of Carnarvon to transmit to you, to be laid before the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, a copy of a despatch from the Lieutenant-Governor of Natal, enclosing a revised drawing of the Device to be borne on the flag to be flown by the Governor of that colony.
		Natal had always had a strong British connection and was considered a renegade Province by the rest of the country at that time.
	fotw.tukayyid.de /flags/za-n.html (1457 words)

	Buralnd 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The brown long-eared bat, Plecotus auritus, is unusual among temperate zone bats in that summer maternity colonies are composed of adult males and females, with both sexes displaying natal philopatry and long-term association with a colony.
		Mean colony relatedness was found to be low (R = 0.033 +/- 0.002), with pairwise estimates of R within colonies ranging from -0.4 to 0.9.
		Moreover, because the underlying causes of male natal dispersal in mammals, such as risk of inbreeding or competition for mates, appear to be avoided via extra-colony copulation and low male reproductive skew, both P. auritus males and females are able to benefit from long-term association with the natal colony.
	www.qmw.ac.uk /~ugbt112/abstracts/Buralnd_2001.html (277 words)

	Union of South Africa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Union of South Africa came into being on May 31, 1910 when the old Cape Colony and Natal Colony were combined with the defeated South African Republic and Orange Free State (renamed the Orange River Colony) after the Boer War.
		The various parts were thereafter known as, respectively, the Cape Province, Natal, Transvaal and the Orange Free State.
		Owing to disagreements over where the Union's capital city should be, a compromise was reached in which the seat of government would be Pretoria in the Transvaal, the seat of parliament would be Cape Town in the Cape Province, and the judiciary would be in Bloemfontein, in the Orange Free State.
	www.mywiseowl.com /articles/Union_of_South_Africa (345 words)

	Brief History of South Africa
		The British occupy Natal and, after the Anglo-Zulu War, annex the whole of Zululand.
		The Voortrekkers leave in their thousands the Cape and settle in the Orange Free State, in Natal and Transvaal.
		The Xhosa people are retreating further eastwards, as the white settlers occupy their land.
	www.southafrica-travel.net /history/eh_menu.htm (143 words)

	Natal colony -1905 (South Africa)
		I am directed by the Earl of Carnarvon to transmit to you, to be laid before the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, a copy of a dispatch from the Lieutenant-Governor of Natal, enclosing a revised drawing of the Device to be borne on the flag to be flown by the Governor of that colony.
		A distinctive version of the Blue Ensign was authorised for the Colony of Natal and bore on a white roundel in the fly a representation of the Natal Colonial Seal which was approved by the Legislative Council as a flag device in August 1870, namely:
		In line with the Colonial Office dictum of 23 August 1875 the device on the fly of the Natal Blue Ensign was simplified.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/za-n.html (1996 words)

	History of the South African Territories (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Proclaimed British on October 27th 1871, a territory governed by Lieutenant-Goveror Sir Henry Barkly until it was placed under the control of the Governor of the Cape Colony on 20th August 1872, and was annexed to the Cape in 1885 when it became a province of that Colony.
		Part of British Bechuanaland which was annexed in 1895 to the Cape Colony, as the Districts of Gordonia, Vryburg and Mafeking.
		Natal and Zululand were separated by the lower reaches of the Tugela River and the Buffalo River, until the Utrecht and Vryheid areas were annexed by the Transvaal ( ZAR).
	about-south-africa.com /html/territories.html (608 words)

	Natal Colony 1905-1910 (South Africa)
		The legislative Council of the Colony of Natal adopted in August 1870 a Red and Blue Ensign bearing the Colonial Seal on a white roundel as a charge on the fly.
		This remained the flag of the Colony until it became the Province of Natal in the Union of South Africa in 1910.' Source: 'Sovereign flags of Southern Africa', by A. Burgers, Cape Town, 1997, pp.
		A blue ensign and, of course, a flag for the Governor of the Colony.
	www.fotw.net /flags/za-n05.html (503 words)

	South African Time Line: 1843 to 1881 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Boers from Natal settle at Potchefstroom, after crossing the Drakensberg Mountains.
		Approximately 163 German settlers, known as the Bergthiel Settlers, arrive in Natal.
		Indians arrive in Natal to work on sugar cane farms as indentured labourers.
	whitlock.castlewebs.net /whitsend/tl3.htm (528 words)

	Dibleys Nurseries: Streptocarpus, A brief study in Mpumalanga and the Royal Natal National Park
		This could explain why the colony at God’s Window appears to differ from its description forty years ago.
		One young plant with only one leaf, which had produced one inflorescence, was beginning to grow a second leaf from the base of its original leaf at its petiolade (plate 7).
		My trip has enhanced my knowledge of streptocarpus plants and their natural habitat, which will help me to understand their growing requirements to a greater degree.
	www.dibleys.com /article1 (1815 words)

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