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Topic: Nathaniel Hawthorne

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Literature of the United States

	The Classic Text: Nathaniel Hawthorne
		When Nathaniel was four, his father died on a voyage in Surinam, Dutch Guinea, but maternal relatives recognized his literary talent and financed his education at Bowdoin College.
		Hawthorne later formally withdrew most of this early work, discounting it as the work of inexperienced youth.
		Hawthorne's fiancee Sophia Peabody drew him into "the newness," and in 1841 Hawthorne invested $1500 in the Brook Farm Utopian Community, leaving disillusioned within a year.
	www.uwm.edu /Library/special/exhibits/clastext/clspg143.htm (455 words)

	Nathaniel Hawthorne
		Nathaniel Hawthorne was born in Salem, Massachusetts, July 4, 1804.
		Hawthorne's father, a ship captain, died in a foreign land when his son was only four years old; his mother lived for forty years after the death of her husband the life of a recluse in her own house.
		Hawthorne did not write on the common subjects and facts of his day, but chose to have his readers go with him, away from prosaic life, out into a world of mysteries where we may revel in all kinds of imaginary sports.
	www.classicreader.com /author.php/aut.24 (846 words)

	Nathaniel Hawthorne - MSN Encarta
		Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864), American novelist, whose works are deeply concerned with the ethical problems of sin, punishment, and atonement.
		Hawthorne's exploration of these themes was related to the sense of guilt he felt about the roles of his ancestors in the 17th-century persecution of Quakers (see Friends, Society of) and in the 1692 witchcraft trials of Salem, Massachusetts.
		Hawthorne's emphasis on allegory and symbolism often makes his characters seem shadowy and unreal, but his best characters reveal the emotional and intellectual ambivalence he felt to be inseparable from the Puritan heritage of America.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761553634/Hawthorne_Nathaniel.html (941 words)

	Fiction Authors in Depth - Nathaniel Hawthorne - Meyer Literature
		Nathaniel Hawthorne in an undated photograph, probably taken—judging from his hollow cheeks and gray hair—near the end of his life.
		Nathaniel Hawthorne, who once described himself as "the obscurest man of letters in America", achieved success as a writer only after a steady and intense struggle.
		Although Hawthorne was on friendly terms with these men, his skepticism concerning human nature prevented him from sharing either their optimism or their faith in radical reform of individuals or society.
	www.bedfordstmartins.com /literature/bedlit/authors_depth/hawthorne.htm (857 words)

	Nathaniel Hawthorne Writing Style
		Nathaniel Hawthorne was a prominent early American Author who contributed greatly to the evolution of modern American literature.
		Although Nathaniel Hawthorne's writing style was often viewed as outdated when compared to modern literature, Hawthorne conveyed modern themes of psychology and human nature through his crafty use of allegory and symbolism.
		Hawthorne described this concept as 'a neutral territory, somewhere between the real world and fairy-land where the actual and imaginary may meet, and each imbue itself with the nature of the other' (Litz 145).
	www.e-scoala.ro /referate/engleza_nathaniel_hawthorne.html (1180 words)

	Nathaniel Hawthorne - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hawthorne's father, Nathaniel Hathorne, Sr., was a sea captain and descendant of John Hathorne, one of the judges who oversaw the Salem Witch Trials.
		Hawthorne is best-known today for his many short stories (he called them "tales") and his four major romances written between 1850 and 1860: The Scarlet Letter (1850), The House of the Seven Gables (1851), The Blithedale Romance (1852) and The Marble Faun (1860).
		Hawthorne's work belongs to Romanticism, an artistic and intellectual movement characterized by an emphasis on individual freedom from social conventions or political restraints, on human imagination, and on nature in a typically idealized form.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nathaniel_Hawthorne (1575 words)

	Nathaniel Hawthorne
		Young Nathaniel took his hereditary place before the mast, passed from the forecastle to the cabin, made voyages to the East and West Indies, Brazil and Africa, and finally died of fever at Surinam, in the spring of 1808.
		Nathaniel entered Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine, in the autumn of 1821, where he became acquainted with two students who were destined to distinction -- Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and Franklin Pierce.
		Hawthorne departed for Europe in the summer of 1853, and returned to the United States in the summer of 1860.
	www.nndb.com /people/880/000031787 (2441 words)

	From Revolution to Reconstruction: Outlines: Outline of American Literature: Democratic Origins and Revolutionary ...
		Nathaniel Hawthorne, a fifth-generation American of English descent, was born in Salem, Massachusetts, a wealthy seaport north of Boston that specialized in East India trade.
		Hawthorne used the idea of a curse on the family of an evil judge in his novel The House of the Seven Gables.
		Hawthorne's gentle style, remote historical setting, and ambiguity softened his grim themes and contented the general public, but sophisticated writers such as Ralph Waldo Emerson and Herman Melville recognized the book's "hellish" power.
	odur.let.rug.nl /~usa/LIT/hawthorn.htm (726 words)

	PAL: Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864)
		Hawthorne rounds off the puritan cycle in American writing - belief in the existence of an active evil (the devil) and in a sense of determinism (the concept of predestination).
		Hawthorne struggled with the problem of relevance of the artist to the world and the meaning of art to America.
		Melville and Hawthorne In The Berkshires: A Symposium.
	www.csustan.edu /english/reuben/pal/chap3/hawthorne.html (3729 words)

	PAL: Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864)
		Hawthorne rounds off the puritan cycle in American writing - belief in the existence of an active evil (the devil) and in a sense of determinism (the concept of predestination).
		Hawthorne struggled with the problem of relevance of the artist to the world and the meaning of art to America.
		Melville and Hawthorne In The Berkshires: A Symposium.
	web.csustan.edu /english/reuben/pal/chap3/hawthorne.html (3729 words)

	Nathaniel Hawthorne — Infoplease.com
		Nathaniel Hawthorne: Short Stories - Short Stories Aside from his importance as a novelist, Hawthorne is justly celebrated as a...
		Nathaniel Hawthorne: Early Life and Works - Early Life and Works Descended from a prominent Puritan family, Hawthorne was the son of a sea...
		Nathaniel Hawthorne: Later Life and Mature Work - Later Life and Mature Work In order to earn a livelihood Hawthorne served as surveyor of the port...
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0823036.html (248 words)

	PEM \| Nathaniel Hawthorne Bicentennial Exhibition
		Hawthorne is among the leading figures of nineteenth century American literature, famous for such works as THE SCARLET LETTER (1850) and THE HOUSE OF THE SEVEN GABLES (1851).
		Hawthorne’s family heritage included Salem sea captains and Puritan officials, including Judge John Hathorn, one of the presiding judges of the infamous Salem witchcraft trials of 1692.
		Hawthorne died on May 19, 1864, while visiting his friend Franklin Pierce in Plymouth, N.H. The Phillips Library is a major hub of Hawthorne scholarship.
	www.pem.org /library/hawthorne (318 words)

	Nathaniel Hawthorne - Books and Biography
		Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864) was born in Salem, Massachusetts.
		Hawthorne was unable to earn a living as a writer and in 1846 he was appointed surveyor of the Port of Salem.
		Hawthorne was one of the first American writers to explore the hidden motivations of his characters.
	www.readprint.com /author-44/Nathaniel-Hawthorne (1102 words)

	GradeSaver: ClassicNote: Biography of Nathaniel Hawthorne
		Nathaniel Hawthorne was born on July 4, 1804 in Salem, Massachusetts, the descendent of a long line of Puritan ancestors, including John Hathorne, a presiding magistrate in the Salem witch trials.
		Hawthorne returned to Salem in 1845, where he was appointed surveyor of the Boston Custom House by President James Polk, but was dismissed from this post when Zachary Taylor became president.
		Hawthorne's subsequent novels, The Blithedale Romance, based on his years of communal living at Brook Farm, and the romance The Marble Faun, were both considered disappointments.
	www.gradesaver.com /classicnotes/authors/about_hawthorne.html (489 words)

	Nathaniel Hawthorne (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Nathaniel Hawthorne's four earliest surviving short stories were written for a never to be published collection, Provincial Tales, which Hawthorne attempted to publish in 1829.
		Hawthorne next developed a plan to publish a set of short stories, linked by a common background of a wandering storyteller, who tells the tales scattered through the book, as well as telling the story of his life and travels in between.
		Hawthorne's philosophical fantasies seem to me to be the nearest ancestor to Borges'.
	members.aol.com /MG4273/hawthorn.htm (5053 words)

	Nathaniel Hawthorne
		Nathaniel Hawthorne Bicentennial Exhibition at the Phillips Library of the Peabody Essex museum includes an interactive feature on Hawthorne and his sister's handwritten 1820 newspaper, The Spectator.
		Portrait of Hawthorne by Charles Osgood (1840) courtesy of the Peabody-EssexMuseum, Salem, MA
		Daguerreotype of Hawthorne circa 1850-55 courtesy of the Library of Congress.
	guweb2.gonzaga.edu /faculty/campbell/enl311/hawthor.htm (343 words)

	Nathaniel Hawthorne - Biography and Works
		Hawthorne was friends with and neighbor for a time to some of New England’s finest intellectuals including Amos Bronson Alcott and his daughter Louisa May Alcott, Henry David Thoreau, and Ralph Waldo Emerson who was also prominent in the Transcendentalist movement.
		Hawthorne became one of the leading writers of his time, moving away from formalism and exploring the ideas of individual responsibility, the importance of creative expression and man’s relationship to the natural world.
		Nathaniel Hawthorne was born on 4 July 1804 in Salem, Massachusetts in the family home at 27 Hardy Street, now a museum.
	www.online-literature.com /hawthorne (2132 words)

	Nathaniel Hawthorne
		His father, Nathaniel Hathorne, was a sea captain and descendent of John Hathorne, one of the judges in the Salem witchcraft trials of 1692.
		Hawthorne was unable to earn a living as a writer and in 1846 he was appointed surveyor of the Port of Salem.
		Hawthorne was one of the first American writers to explore the hidden motivations of his characters.
	www.kirjasto.sci.fi /hawthorn.htm (1549 words)

	Nathaniel Hawthorne Collection
		Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-64), of Bowdoin's Class of 1825, was the author of many classic novels and short stories.
		Hawthorne was appointed U.S. Consul in Liverpool, England (1853-57) by Franklin Pierce, for whom he had written a campaign biography, The Life of Franklin Pierce.
		The bulk of the letters are from Hawthorne or Hawthorne and his wife, Sophia, to his Bowdoin classmate Horatio Bridge or Bridge's wife, Charlotte; or are part of the correspondence between his mother Elizabeth C. Hathorne, his sisters Elizabeth M. and Maria L. Hathorne, his uncle Robert Manning, and his aunt Mary Manning.
	library.bowdoin.edu /arch/mss/nhg.shtml (409 words)

	The Wayside Authors: Hawthorne
		By the time Nathaniel Hawthorne bought The Wayside in 1852, his masterpieces had been published; The Scarlet Letter in 1850, and The House of the Seven Gables in 1851; his short story collections; Mosses from an Old Manse, 1846 and Twice-Told Tales, 1837.
		The years in which Nathaniel Hawthorne owned The Wayside were among the most turbulent in America's history.
		Left to his own devices, Hawthorne would have preferred to remain a non-participant in the angry debates, but such was not the case.
	www.nps.gov /mima/wayside/Hawth.htm (1129 words)

	Hawthorne, "Young Goodman Brown"
		Hawthorne shows that the consequence for the mistrust and self-doubt that is inherent in Puritan education and doctrine does not create faith and peace.
		When he was four, Hawthorne's father died, and from that point on he was surrounded mostly by females: two sisters, a maiden aunt, and a retiring mother who was not close to her children.
		Hawthorne often called the Puritan life of his ancestors “stern.” He was aware of the constant tension and battle between the flesh and the spirit in the lives of the 17th Century Puritans.
	itech.fgcu.edu /faculty/wohlpart/alra/Hawthorne.htm (10803 words)

	Nathaniel Hawthorne: Hawthorne's Struggle and Romance with Salem LiteraryTraveler.com
		Nathaniel's grandfather, known in local folklore as Bold Dan'l, was an 18th century privateer, a legalized pirate who was encouraged by the rebellious provisional government of Massachusetts to attack British ships and plunder them during the Revolution, but even he couldn't refill the family coffers.
		Nathaniel's sea-faring father, described by a Salem sailor as "the sternest man that ever walked a deck," had actually written poetry about his once-vivacious beauty of a wife in the margins of the logbooks he kept as captain of his brother-in-law's vessels.
		When the Hawthornes and their three children returned to Concord and The Wayside in 1860, they had been renting the house at cost to Sophia's brother, Nathaniel discovered the income he had counted on from sales and investments was much smaller than expected.
	www.literarytraveler.com /literary_articles/nathaniel_hawthorne_salem.aspx (4873 words)

	Heath Anthology of American LiteratureNathaniel Hawthorne - Author Page
		From 1821 to 1825, Hawthorne was a student at Bowdoin College, graduating in the middle of his class of thirty-eight.
		Hawthorne’s third child, Rose, was born in Lenox in 1851, and a year later, he bought a house in Concord, the only one he ever owned.
		Returning to Concord in 1860, Hawthorne struggled to complete three other romances; but his health was broken and he was distraught by the prospect and then the actuality of civil war.
	college.hmco.com /english/lauter/heath/4e/students/author_pages/early_nineteenth/hawthorne_na.html (1677 words)

	Nathaniel Hawthorne
		Hawthorne was educated at Bowdoin College (Brunswick, Maine) where he met Longfellow (1807-1882), a fellow class-mate.
		Nathaniel Hawthorne added the 'w' to his name to distance himself from his evil ancestors.
		Hawthorne, braving leaden skies and a threatening snowstorm, walked the nine miles from Boston to Brook Farm.
	www.heureka.clara.net /art/hawthorn.htm (926 words)

	American Writers: Nathaniel Hawthorne
		A growing family and mounting debts compelled the family's return in 1845 to Salem, where Hawthorne was appointed surveyor of the Custom House.
		Three years later he lost his job, but in a few months of concentrated effort he produced his masterpiece, The Scarlet Letter (1850), which made him famous and was eventually recognized as one of the greatest American novels.
		Hawthorne's dark, brooding, richly symbolic works, reflecting his Puritan heritage and contrasting sharply with the optimism of his Transcendentalist neighbors, achieve a depth and power that make them one of the greatest legacies in American literature.
	www.americanwriters.org /writers/hawthorne.asp (459 words)

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