National (Industrial) Recovery Act

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	National Industrial Recovery Act - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		United States (295 U.S. 495) (sometimes called the "sick chicken" case) that the Act infringed upon states' authority, unreasonably stretched the Commerce Clause, and gave legislative powers to the executive branch, violating the Nondelegation doctrine.
		The NIRA was overturned on May 27, 1935 when the Supreme Court of the United States ruled in the case A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v.
		The NIRA was strongly supported by heads of industry (some of which had helped draft the legislation).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/National_Industrial_Recovery_Act (290 words)

	National Labor Relations Act - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The National Labor Relations Act (or Wagner Act) is a 1935 United States federal law that protects the rights of most workers in the private sector to organize labor unions, to engage in collective bargaining, and to take part in strikes and other forms of concerted activity in support of their demands.
		The Wagner Act established a federal agency, the National Labor Relations Board, with the power to investigate and decide unfair labor practice charges and to conduct elections in which workers were given the opportunity to decide whether they wanted to be represented by a union.
		The Act does not, on the other hand, cover those workers who are covered by the Railway Labor Act, agricultural employees, domestic employees, supervisors, independent contractors and some close relatives of individual employers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/National_Labor_Relations_Act (1166 words)

	Our Documents - National Industrial Recovery Act (1933)
		The National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) was enacted by Congress in June 1933 and was one of the measures by which President Franklin D. Roosevelt sought to assist the nation's economic recovery during the Great Depression.
		Citation: An Act to encourage national industrial recovery, to foster fair competition, and to provide for the construction of certain useful public works, and for other purposes, June 16, 1933; Enrolled Acts and Resolutions of Congress, 1789-1996; General Records of the United States Government; Record Group 11, National Archives.
		The act further called for industrial self-regulation and declared that codes of fair competition—for the protection of consumers, competitors, and employers—were to be drafted for the various industries of the country and were to be subject to public hearings.
	www.ourdocuments.gov /doc.php?flash=old&doc=66 (645 words)

	Implications of an Historical Debate for a Renewal of National Planning Institutions: Roosevelt and Tugwell in the New Deal
		The Agriculture Adjustment Act and the National Industrial Recovery Act, and their bureaucratic institutions - the AAA and NRA, were key components of the Roosevelt strategy to end the depression of the 1930's and were rushed into existence in the early days of his administration.
		On May 17, 1933 an industrial recovery bill was proposed to Congress and was passed after some modification and signed into law as the National Industrial Recovery Act on June 16.
		It is a difficult time to promote national planning except for continuation of the information and regulation activities which have been the bulk of what we have called national planning in the second half of the 20th century.
	www.public.asu.edu /caed/proceedings01/HEMMENS/hemmens.htm (7078 words)

	FindLaw for Legal Professionals - Case Law, Federal and State Resources, Forms, and Code
		Clark, supra, the Court applied that ruling to the case of 'the suspension of an act upon a contingency to be ascertained by the president, and made known by his proclamation.' The Court was dealing with section 3 of the Act of October 1, 1890, 26 Stat.
		Every public officer is presumed to act in obedience to his duty, until the contrary is shown; and, a fortiori, this presumption ought to be favor ably applied to the chief magistrate of the Union.
		All that Congress could safely do was to declare the act to be done and the policies to be promoted, leaving to the delegate of its power the ascertainment of the shifting facts that would determine the relation between the doing of the act and the attainment of the stated ends.
	caselaw.lp.findlaw.com /scripts/getcase.pl?navby=case&court=us&vol=293&page=388 (9919 words)

	The NIRA
		Industry wanted to protect prices and profits; trade unions to protect labor standards; and liberals sought some form of national planning.
		The industry codes began to surge into Washington: 144 in the second half of July, 546 in August, and even the big industry holdouts like lumber, steel, oil and mining were on board by September (in the auto industry, the lone exception was Henry Ford).
		The purpose of the NIRA was to put people back to work, raise the purchasing power of labor and elevate labor standards.
	xroads.virginia.edu /~ma02/volpe/newdeal/nira.html (1139 words)

	Chapter 9
		The proponents of the National Industrial Recovery Act made a great show that NRA would protect the small businessman who, it was alleged, had suffered in the past from unfair application of the anti-trust laws; the suspension of the anti-trust laws would remove their more unwelcome features, while NRA would preserve their welcome antimonopoly provisions.
		Although the New Deal and its most significant component, the National Recovery Administration (NRA), are generally presented as the progeny of FDR's brain trust, as we have seen the essential principles had been worked out in detail long before FDR and his associates came to power.
		NRA was essentially fascist in that industry, not central state planners, had the authority to plan, and these industrial planners came from the New York financial establishment.
	www.reformation.org /wall-st-fdr-ch9.html (4802 words)

	US CODE: Title 15,703 to 712. Omitted
		Sections 703 to 712 of this title were sections 3 to 10, 303, and 304 of the National Industrial Recovery Act of June 16, 1933, ch.
		All Orders and Regulations heretofore issued concerning the administration of Title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act, as amended, are hereby modified to the extent necessary to make this Order fully effective.
		Subsequently, sections 303 and 304 of the Act, classified to sections 711 and 712 of this title, were repealed by Pub.
	www.law.cornell.edu /uscode/html/uscode15/usc_sec_15_00000703----000-notes.html (544 words)

	Roosevelt Calls Recovery Act Most Sweeping Law in Nation's History
		In signing the National Industrial Recovery Act the President declared that it was "the most important and far-reaching legislation ever enacted by the American Congress," and said that it "represents a supreme effort to stabilize for all time the many factors which make for the prosperity of the nation and the preservation of American standards."
		The Glass-Steagall Act is directed toward a unified banking system, provides a limited deposit guarantee, requires divorcement of security affiliates from banks under government supervision, compels private bankers to give up either the deposit or security business, and requires stricter regulation of national banks.
		The whole spirit of the act, he declared, would be to protect industry that cooperates completely and endeavors to raise prices justly, and at the same time keeps up wages and shortens the working hours so as to increase employment.
	partners.nytimes.com /library/financial/061733glass-steagall.html (1494 words)

	From Revolution to Reconstruction: Outlines: American History (1994): Chapter Ten: Industry and Labor (4/13)
		By this time other policies were fostering recovery, and the government soon took the position that administered prices in certain lines of business were a severe drain on the national economy and a barrier to recovery.
		Then in 1935 Congress passed the National Labor Relations Act, which defined unfair labor practices, gave workers the right to bargain through unions of their own choice and prohibited employers from interfering with union activities.
		NIRA had guaranteed to labor the right of collective bargaining (bargaining as a unit representing individual workers with industry).
	odur.let.rug.nl /~usa/H/1994/ch10_p4.htm (277 words)

	The Fallacies of the NRA - Mises Institute
		Anniversary of the National Industrial Recovery Act, FDR's planning legislation that created the National Recovery Administration, the NRA.
		The National Industrial Conference Board has calculated that at the end of 1932 average hourly earnings had fallen 21.2%, compared with a decline in living costs of 22% in the same period.
		A compilation of the returns of 1,800 of the leading industrial, public-utility, and railroad companies in 1932 showed that the majority, numbering 61% of the total, had deficits aggregating $787,000,000, which offset the net profits, aggregating $682,000,000 reported by the other 39%, leaving a deficit balance for all of them of $105,000,000.
	www.mises.org /fullstory.asp?control=1262 (4623 words)

	SECTION 7-A: The Clash Over the Most Disputed Clause in the Recovery Act
		When the National Industrial Recovery Act was passed, last June, that clause was hailed as "Labor's New Deal" The Act made important concessions to employers in the interests of recovery; notably, the relaxation of the anti-trust laws.
		The National Automobile Chamber of Commerce announced, in a statement from Detroit while the settlement was pending, that "the industry does not intend to recognize the American Federation of Labor as such, nor to enter into any contract with it on behalf of its employes." Nothing in the new agreement modifies that position.
		That gesture of an industry that has successfully resisted unionization was a challenge to curtailment of its authority by Section 7-a, the collective-bargaining clause of the Recovery Act.
	newdeal.feri.org /survey/34213.htm (5488 words)

	Schechter Corp. v. United States, 295 U.S. 495 (1935)
		Section 3 of the Recovery Act makes no provision for notice to persons in the industry, particularly those not members of the applicant trade or industrial association; and no provision whatsoever is expressly made for a hearing to determine whether the provisions in the proposed code are properly contained therein.
		The penal provision of the Recovery Act is wholly vague and indefinite and hence unconstitutional and void.
		Provision is made for administration through an "industry advisory committee," to be selected by trade associations and members of the industry, and a "code supervisor" to be appointed, with the approval of the committee, by agreement between the Secretary of Agriculture and the Administrator for Industrial Recovery.
	www.healylaw.com /cases/schechte.htm (13310 words)

	National Recovery Administration -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The NRA was an essential element in the National Industrial Recovery Act (June 1933), which authorized the president to institute industry-wide codes intended to eliminate unfair trade practices, reduce unemployment,...
		Authorized by the National Industrial Recovery Act (June 1933), the agency was set up by President Franklin D. Roosevelt under the administration of his secretary of the interior, Harold L. Ickes.
		The NRA was an essential element in the National Industrial Recovery Act (June 1933), which authorized the president to institute industry-wide codes intended to eliminate unfair trade practices, reduce unemployment, …
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9055005 (880 words)

	AEH: AMER.INST: The National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 and the Compliance Crisis of 1934
		AEH: AMER.INST: The National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 and the Compliance Crisis of 1934
		The passage of the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) during the
		Act of 1933 and the Compliance Crisis of 1934." The University of
	www.eh.net /lists/archives/abstracts/may-2002/0001.php (193 words)

	National Recovery Administration, Bernard Baruch, Brain Trust
		In 1933 Congress passed the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA), one of Franklin Roosevelt's measures to combat the Great Depression.
		The second part of the NIRA authorized Roosevelt to establish the National Recovery Administration to draft codes of regulations for over 500 industries.
		The Act authorized $3.3 billion for public works projects to reduce unemployment and established the Public Works Administration under Secretary of Commerce Harold Ickes.
	www.owlnet.rice.edu /~mwfriedm/terms/david23.html (830 words)

	Wagner-Connery Act
		This legislation legalized unions once again and created the National Labor Relations Board, which was to supervise laborers' negotiations with their employers, to guarantee collective bargaining, and to prevent employers from engaging in unfair labor practices.
		The NIRA and the Wagner-Connery Act resulted in a division among AFL members, as some members began to call for a more inclusive union-one that would fight for the rights of unskilled workers, rather than just workers skilled in a particular craft.
		Under this part of the act, the federal government was to provide 3.3 billion dollars to hire Americans to work on public works projects.
	www.ohiohistorycentral.org /entry.php?rec=1401 (537 words)

	The American Experience Surviving The Dust Bowl People & Events The New Deal
		The National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) and the National Recovery Administration (NRA) were designed to address unemployment by regulating the number of hours worked per week and banning child labor.
		His first act as president was to declare a four-day bank holiday, during which time Congress drafted the Emergency Banking Bill of 1933, which stabilized the banking system and restored the public's faith in the banking industry by putting the federal government behind it.
		During the first 100 days of his presidency, a never-ending stream of bills was passed, to relieve poverty, reduce unemployment, and speed economic recovery.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/dustbowl/peopleevents/pandeAMEX09.html (408 words)

	CREATION OF THE FIRST NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD, 6/29/34
		By virtue of and pursuant to the authority vested in me under Title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act (ch.
		The National Labor Relations Board shall have authority to conduct all investigations and proceedings being conducted by boards that are abolished by this subsection; and all records, papers, and property of such boards shall become records, papers, and property of the National Labor Relations Board....
		The existing National Labor Board is by this Executive Order abolished, effective July 9, 1934, but the new National Labor Relations Board will have the benefit of the expert personnel of the old Board and of such of the subordinate regional labor boards as it may deem necessary.
	newdeal.feri.org /speeches/1934d.htm (912 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - National Industrial Recovery Act
		National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA), United States law enacted by the United States Congress in June 1933; one of the measures by which...
		United States (History): National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)
		Labor Relations : history of labor relations in the United States – 20th century: passage of National Labor Relations Act
	encarta.msn.com /National_Industrial_Recovery_Act.html (200 words)

	Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum - Our Documents
		Franklin Roosevelt's Statement on the National Industrial Recovery Act,
		The NRA established industrial codes to govern trade, prices, and labor practices; 541 codes were approved by the time the NRA disbanded.
		Another part of the NIRA was the creation of the Public Works Administration (PWA), a public works program under the control and regulation of the federal government.
	www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu /odnira.html (214 words)

	National Industrial Recovery Act
		an act of Congress (1933, declared unconstitutional in 1936) that enabled the president and the National Recovery Administration to formulate and execute measures for reducing industrial unemployment.
	www.infoplease.com /ipd/A0549521.html (44 words)

	National Industrial Recovery Act, approved June 16, 1933;
		National Industrial Recovery Act, approved June 16, 1933; 2.
		National Industrial Recovery Act, approved June 16, 1933;
		provisions of said acts it is expedient and necessary that a banking corporation be organized with power to aid in financing and to facilitate exports and imports and the exchange of commodities between the United States and other Nations or the agencies or nationals thereof;
	www.conservativeusa.org /eo/1934/eo6581.htm (412 words)

	The National Industrial Recovery Board created by Executive
		The National Industrial Recovery Board created by Executive Order No. 6859 of September 27, 1934, is hereby terminated, and to provide for the continuing administration of the provisions of Title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act there is hereby created the office of Administrator of the National Recovery Administration.
		The Administrator of the National Recovery Administration shall administer the provisions of Title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act as amended by Senate Joint Resolution No.
		All orders and regulations heretofore issued concerning the administration of Title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act are hereby modified to the extent necessary to make this order fully effective.
	www.conservativeusa.org /eo/1935/eo7075.htm (370 words)

	National Industrial Recovery Act
		Touted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt as "the most important and far-reaching ever enacted by the American Congress," the National (Industrial) Recovery Act (NRA) was passed by Congress on June 16, 1933.
		Later the National Labor Relations Board and the Rural Electrification Administration were passed by the Congress in order to replace the labor portions of the NRA, but Congress did not bring back the industrial code system.
		That New Deal law was designed to promote recovery and reform, encourage collective bargaining for unions, set up maximum work hours (and sometimes prices) and minimum wages, and forbid child labor in industry.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h1663.html (856 words)

	Public Works Administration
		Created by the National Industrial Recovery Act on June 16, 1933, the Public Works Administration (PWA) budgeted several billion dollars to be spent on the construction of public works as a means of providing employment, stabilizing purchasing power, improving public welfare, and contributing to a revival of American industry.
		The PWA spent over $6 billion, but did not succeed in returning the level of industrial activity to pre-depression levels.
		It provided the federal government with its first systematic network for the distribution of funds to localities, ensured that conservation would remain an element in the national discussion, and provided federal administrators with a broad amount of badly needed experience in public policy planning.
	www.nps.gov /elro/glossary/pwa.htm (388 words)

	MGMT 363 - Employee Relations
		National Industrial Recovery Act (1933): employers required to enable employees to bargain through representatives of their own choosing but had no mechanism to enforce this right
		Section 8 (specified types of actions interfering with Section 7 rights): forbade interference with employers rights to be represented, to bargain, to have their labor organizations free from employer dominance, to be protected from employment discrimination for union activity, and to be free from retaliation for accusing the employer of an unlawful (unfair) labor practice
		Jones and Laughlin (1937): NLRB previously determined JandL had violated the Wagner Act by coercing employees and discriminating against union members.
	www.uwosh.edu /faculty_staff/rau/laborlaw.html (2368 words)

	National Recovery Administration
		Spurred by an existing national emergency, a panicky Congress lost no time in passing, among other pieces of remedial legislation, the National Industrial Recovery Act, hereinafter referred to as the NIRA.
		While these negotiations took place, Congress passed legislation that set a 40 hour week for clerical workers, a 36 hour week for industrial workers, a minimum wage of 40 cents an hour, abolished child labour and a guaranteed the right that trade unions could organize and exercise the right of collective bargaining.
		Congress, it seemed, could move faster in those days than it did subsequently, when it developed a slow, painstaking, and supercritical streak, which it continued to maintain even when the Nazi dogs were ready to spring at our throats.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /USARnra.htm (988 words)

	Death of the Blue Eagle (GEORGE DAVIS?) (1930s)
		Said President Roosevelt, "History probably will record the National Industrial Recovery Act as the most important and far-reaching legislation ever enacted by the American Congress." On that same day General [Hugh S.] Johnson was named administrator of the NRA....
		The decision implied that it would be unconstitutional for the Federal government to deal with a national industrial or social or agricultural problem by dictating to individual factories, stores, or farmers what they should do..
		The NRA was based on the principle of industrial self-regulation under government supervision through a system of fair competition codes.
	www.fortunecity.com /tinpan/parton/2/deathblu.html (361 words)

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