National Front (Czechoslovakia)

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	History of Czechoslovakia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Czechoslovakia became a satellite state of the Soviet Union; it was a founding member of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (Comecon) in 1949 and of the Warsaw Pact in 1955.
		The creation of Czechoslovakia in 1918 was the culmination of the long struggle of the Czechs against their Austrian rulers and of the Slovaks against Hungarisation and their Hungarian rulers.
		Although Czechoslovakia's industrial growth of 170 percent between 1948 and 1957 was impressive, it was far exceeded by that of Japan (300 percent) and the Federal Republic of Germany (almost 300 percent) and more than equaled by Austria and Greece.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Czechoslovakia (3005 words)

	Czechoslovakia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Czechoslovakia national football team was a consistent performer in the international scene, with 8 appearances in the FIFA World Cup Finals, finishing in second-place in 1934 and 1962.
		All political parties, as well as numerous mass organizations, grouped under umbrella of National Front of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic.
		Czechoslovakia (Czech: Československo, Slovak: Česko-Slovensko/before 1990 Československo, German: Tschechoslowakei) was a country in Central Europe that existed from 1918 until 1992 (except for the World War II period).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Czechoslovakia (1722 words)

	Encyclopedia: History of Slovakia
		Although Czechoslovakia was the only east-central European country to remain a parliamentary democracy from 1918 to 1938, it was plagued with minority problems, the most important of which concerned the country's large German population.
		This article is part of the article Czechoslovakia The division between Czechs and Slovaks persisted as a key element in the reform movement of the 1960s and the retrenchment of the 1970s, a decade that dealt harshly with the aspirations of both Czechs and Slovaks.
		The national campaign amongst Slovak inhabitants was hindered by the fact that the Hungarian government had increased harassment of Slovaks during the war.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/History-of-Slovakia (11706 words)

	Popular Front - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Czechoslovakia - the National Front led by the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
		For example, East Germany was ruled by a "National Front" of all anti-fascist parties and movements within parliament (Socialist Unity Party of Germany, Liberal Party, Peasants' Party, youth movement, trade unions, etc).
		Trotsky also argued that in popular fronts, working class demands are reduced to their bare minimum, and the ability of the working class to put forward its own independent set of politics is compromised.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Popular_Front (439 words)

	National Front - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The name National Front is used by a number of political parties and coalitions.
		Iran — Iranian National Front (Jebhe-ye Melli Iran)
		Chad — National Front for the Renewal of Chad (FNTR)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/National_Front (124 words)

	Victor Rajakulendran - Selected Writings
		After the general elections in 1946 the communists emerged as the strongest political grouping within the National Front and the leader of the CPCz, Mr.
		To appease the Nazis, Czechoslovakia was forced (with the acquiescence of Britain and France under the Munich agreement of 29 Sept. 1938) to cede the Sudetenland to Germany.
		Czechoslovakia had a statesman in President Havel, who had seen Yugoslavia and USSR disintegrating into several nations, not to use force to quell the demand of the Slovak nation to secede.
	www.tamilnation.org /forum/rajakulendran/kalaignar.htm (2172 words)

	Czechoslovakia
		All leading officials of the state, of the CPCz and of the National Front remain in their functions, to which they were elected as representatives of the people and of the members of their organizations, according to the laws and other statutes valid in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic.
		Czechoslovakia was created in 1918 from territory that had previously been part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
		When Eduard Benes, Czechoslovakia's head of state, protested at this decision, Neville Chamberlain told him that Britain would be unwilling to go to war over the issue of the Sudetenland.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /2WWczech.htm (5060 words)

	Jan Masaryk
		Masaryk remained Foreign Minister following the liberation of Czechoslovakia as part of the multi-party National Front government.
		In March 1939 all of Czechoslovakia was occupied and the Czech government in exile was established in Britain in 1940, Masaryk was made Foreign Minister.
		In September 1938 the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia was occupied by German forces and Masaryk resigned as Ambassador in protest, although he remained in London.
	usapedia.com /j/jan-masaryk.html (327 words)

	RP's History Online - Socialization
		On June 14, the National Assembly elected Klement Gottwald Czechoslovakia's new (and first 'working-class') president; and on June 15, Czechoslovakia's fifth post-war government was appointed with Antonin Zapotocky at its head.
		Thus the parties of the National Front were credited with winning an amazing 89.2 percent of the vote -- which is still rather a modest majority when compared with later Communist election "victories," which would see the National Front win 99.9 percent of the "vote."
		Non-Communists who attempted to campaign in the elections were persecuted by the police, and voters were only offered a list of candidates from the National Front - no opposition politicians were on the voting list.
	archiv.radio.cz /history/history13.html (1162 words)

	ACM Central European Studies Program
		Totalitarian democracy 1945-48: consequences of the war, party system of so called National front, nationalization, election of 1946, communist coup in 1948.
		Czechoslovakia in the Era of Normalization -- 1969 changes in the Party, Husak' s leadership and purges, challenge of the Helsinki Agreement of 1975 and dissident activities, Charter 77.
		Czechoslovakia from 1948 to 1969 -- Politics of Stalinism: means of oppression show trials.
	www.acm.edu /czech/society.html (552 words)

	JMCC / Documents
		The National and Islamic Forces salute the comrades and brothers in the Palestinian Arab Front on the anniversary of their Front which coincides on October 11, 2001.
		It also requires that readiness and preparations to defend the PNA and the Palestinian people be the fortified shield and that the reinforced national unity be our sharpest weapon in confronting and defeating the aggression.
		The stupid policy of Sharon imposes on our national authority and the Palestinian people with all their national and Islamic forces and the civil society to show maximum level of awareness and caution and not to depend on any party to deter the stupid Sharonic aggression.
	www.jmcc.org /banner/banner1/bayan/aqsbayan29.htm (523 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Czechoslovakia, 1945-1948
		A NATIONAL FRONT coalition government was formed on April 4th 1945 in the Slovakian town of Kosice, consisting of both parties represented in the London-based exile government, and the Communists, whose leadership had sat out the war in Moscow.
		At Yalta it had been agreed that in Czechoslovakia the Red Army would be in charge to establish the ACC (Allied Control Commission).
		1946 Biography of Eduard Benes, from National Slovak Society
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/eceurope/csr194548.html (427 words)

	Articles - Klement Gottwald
		In March 1945, Edvard Beneš, who had been elected President of Czechoslovakia 1935-38 and who had been head of Czechoslovakia's provisional government-in-exile in London since 1941, agreed to form a National Front government with Gottwald.
		On June 14, the National Assembly elected Klement Gottwald as the new President of Czechoslovakia.
		Elected to the first Czech post-war government following the 1946 election, Gottwald became Premier of Czechoslovakia.
	gaple.com /articles/Klement_Gottwald?mySession=29120ecf72bbe60efee78... (427 words)

	TobyTerrar
		The National Front government is illustrative of how Catholics helped establish and maintain a class dictatorship in Czechoslovakia.
		The Republic of Czechoslovakia's National Front government ruled that country from 1945 to 1991.
		Excluded from the National Front and from political existence was the Agrarian Party, which had been dominated by capital and which had collaborated with the Nazis.
	www.angelfire.com /md/TobyTerrar (1318 words)

	Czech and Slovak History: An Annotated Bibliography (European Reading Room, Library of Congress)
		Episcopal and Vatican Reaction to the Persecution of the Catholic Church in Czechoslovakia.
		Czechoslovakia discussed in all chapters of the book; Chapter 11, 'The Czechoslovak Tragedy and Its Implications' dealing with reform movement of 1967-1968.
		Soviet Intervention in Czechoslovakia, 1968: Anatomy of a Decision.
	www.loc.gov /rr/european/cash/cash9.html (10987 words)

	Slovakia - Atlapedia Online
		In Mar. 1945 Edward Benes who was elected President of Czechoslovakia in 1935, agreed to form a National Front government with Klement Gottwald, leader of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (CPCz).
		In Sept. 1938 Czechoslovakia was forced to cede the German areas of Czechoslovakia or Sudetenland to Nazi Germany.
		Also in 1993 Hungary's concerns with Slovakia increased of their escalating nationalism and fears for the fate of ethnic Magyar minorities as well as the construction of the Gabcikovo-Nagymaros dam on the Danube river.
	www.atlapedia.com /online/countries/slovakia.htm (1325 words)

	FREE In-depth report - Czechoslovakia - Hungary
		In 1987 the Cultural Association of Hungarian Workers in Czechoslovakia was allowed to rejoin the Czechoslovak National Front, from which it had been expelled in 1972.
		Since the formation in Slovakia (Czechoslovakia's eastern republic) of a dissident organization for the defense of the rights of Hungarians in 1979 and after frequent arrests of the Hungarian activist Miklos Duray, discrimination against the approximately 600,000 ethnic Hungarians in Czechoslovakia became a problem in the relations between the two communist neighbors.
		By contrast, Grosz noted the role of minorities as a bridge between Hungary and Czechoslovakia and called for greater cultural contacts between the two countries.
	www.exploitz.com /Hungary-Czechoslovakia-cg.php (377 words)

	RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY
		Soviet soldiers and tanks in front of the National Museum on Wenceslas Square in Prague were surrounded by Czechoslovaks in 1968.
		It has been 30 years since Soviet troops marched and tanks rolled down Wenceslas Square in Czechoslovakia's capital to crush a reform movement known as Prague Spring.
		Alexander Dubcek's attempts to create "socialism with a human face" are often seen as historical and ideological forerunners to Mikhail Gorbachev's reform policies of glasnost and perestroika in the 1980s in the USSR.
	www.rferl.org /nca/special/invasion1968 (166 words)

	FIFA.com The Official web site of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association
		In a rather undistinguished Olympic final, Hungary won its second gold medal, edging Czechoslovakia, 2-1, on defender Josef Vojta's own goal and Bene's score in front of 80,000 in the National Stadium.
		Hungary struck for another six goals in a wild, 6-5 win over a strong Yugoslav side four days later as Tibor Csernai had four goals and Bene one.
		In the bronze-medal match, East German captured their first football medal, defeating Egypt, 3-1.
	www.fifa.com /en/PrinterFriendly/0,3875,OLYT037-OLY-1964,00.html (273 words)

	1948
		February 21 - The National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR) was incorporated by William HG France to organize and promote the sport of stock car racing.
		February 24 - The Communist Party seizes control of Czechoslovakia
		November 17 - Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi divorces Queen Fawzia of Egypt after she is unable to produce a male heir.
	www.fact-library.com /1948.html (1122 words)

	uce105.htm
		The Crisis of the Communist Regime in Czechoslovakia, 1953-1957.
		Documentation on Contemporary History: A Chronological History of Czechoslovakia during the Period between 17 November 1989 and 31 December 1992.
		The Beginnings of Marxist Revisionism in Czechoslovakia in the Second Half of the 1950s.
	www.usd.cas.cz /usdeng/uce105.htm (512 words)

	Czech Republic
		= Ceska Státoprávní Demokracie (Czech Constitutional Democracy, 1918-1920's center-right); CSDS = Ceskoslovenská Sociálne Demokratická Strana Delnická (Czechoslovak Social Democratic Workers' Party); CSL = Ceskoslovenská Strana Lidova (Czechoslovak People's Party, nationalist, conservative, from 1948 member of National Front);
		Chairman of the Polish National Council of the Duchy of Teschen
		Chairman of the Executive National Council of the Duchy of Teschen
	www.worldstatesmen.org /Czech_Republic.html (4350 words)

	National Liberation Front
		Kennedy became worried when he was informed that despite the Strategic Hamlet programme, the membership of the National Liberation Front had grown to over 17,000 - a 300 per cent increase in two years - and that they now controlled over one-fifth of the villages in South Vietnam.
		This they agreed to do and in December, 1960, the National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam (NLF) was formed.
		Some of Calley's men thought it was breakfast time as they walked in; a few families were gathered in front of their homes cooking rice over a small fire.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /VNnlf.htm (4670 words)

	National Geographic CD-ROM Map list
		The National Geographic Map collection include over 500 maps, both front and back sides of all the maps published with the National Geographic magazine.
		National Parks, Monuments and Historic Sites of the United States and Canada (Side 1), May 1958
		National Parks, Monuments and Historic Sites of the United States and Canada (Side 2), May 1958
	www.depts.drew.edu /~acadtech/faclab/natlgeomaplist.htm (1656 words)

	National Front (Czechoslovakia)
		Thus, National Front candidates typically received more than 99 percent of the votes (voters in Czechoslovakia had the right to refrain from marking their ballots if they did not want to vote for any of the National Front candidates; however, few voters exercised that right for fear of official reprisal).
		The National Front (in Czech : N�rodn� fronta, in Slovak : N�rodn� front) was a (permanent) coalition (or rather group) of parties – since 1948 also of various associations and mass organisations – from 1945 to 1990 in Czechoslovakia.
		An important function of the National Front was to nominate all candidates for public office and to supervise elections.
	www.fact-index.com /n/na/national_front__czechoslovakia_.html (1656 words)

	National Front (Czechoslovakia)
		Thus, National Front candidates typically received more than 99 percent of the votes (voters in Czechoslovakia had the right to refrain from marking their ballots if they did not want to vote for any of the National Front candidates; however, few voters exercised that right for fear of official reprisal).
		An important function of the National Front was to nominate all candidates for public office and to supervise elections.
		Certain acceptable nonsocialist parties were included in the coalition: the (Catholic) Czechoslovak People's Party, the (Slovak) Democratic Party, and later also the (Slovak) Labor Party and the (Slovak) Freedom Party.
	www.fact-index.com /n/na/national_front__czechoslovakia_.html (1656 words)

	Albania (03/99)
		The two states broke diplomatic relations later that year; however, Albania continued nominal membership in the Warsaw Pact until the 1968 invasion of Czechoslovakia.
		Albania's 1976 socialist constitution was declared invalid in April 1991, and an interim basic law was adopted.
		Prior to the 20th century, Albania was subject to foreign domination except for a brief period (1443-78) of revolt from Ottoman rule.
	www.state.gov /outofdate/bgn/a/9200.htm (2204 words)

	Communist Party Statistics Sources
		The Bulgarian Communist party restructured itself as the Bulgarian Socialist party, and the Communists who continued to rule Romania until 1996 called themselves first the National Salvation Front, then the Democratic National Salvation Front, and finally the Social Democracy Party of Romania.
		Two of the world's most populous nations, China and the USSR, had Communist governments, and Communist parties also held power in Afghanistan, Albania, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Ethiopia, Hungary, Laos, Mongolia, North Korea, Poland, Romania, Vietnam, and Yugoslavia.
		The leading body of the CCP is the National Party Congress, which is convened every five years.
	www.adherents.com /largecom/communist_parties.html (2204 words)

	Political parties and leaders. The World Factbook. 2003
		Botswana Democratic Party or BDP [Festus MOGAE]; Botswana National Front or BNF [Otswoletse MOUPO]; Botswana Congress Party or BCP [Mokgweetsi KGOSIPULA]; Botswana Alliance Movement or BAM [Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO]
		Basotho Congress Party or BCP [Tseliso MAKHAKHE]; Basotho National Party or BNP [Maj. Gen.
		Awami League or AL [Sheikh HASINA]; Bangladesh Communist Party or BCP [Saifuddin Ahmed MANIK]; Bangladesh Nationalist Party or BNP [Khaleda ZIA, chairperson]; Islami Oikya Jote or IOJ [Mufti Fazlul Haq AMINI]; Jamaat-E-Islami or JI [Motiur Rahman NIZAMI]; Jatiya Party or JP (Ershad faction) [Hussain Mohammad ERSHAD]; Jatiya Party (Manzur faction) [Naziur Rahman MANZUR]
	www.bartleby.com /151/fields/54.html (2204 words)

	Central and East European Security
		The National Security Concept defines the principles which are the basis of the draft Military Doctrine which is to be presented to the Council of Ministers for approval in the near future.
		National security and defense doctrines are a necessary framework for writing military doctrine which provides the rationale needed to build appropriate armed forces.
		The MFA is responsible for the National Security Concept which outlines the security environment, the dangers, and resulting necessary measures.
	www.ndu.edu /inss/strforum/SF151/forum151.html (2478 words)

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Topic: National Front (Czechoslovakia)

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