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Topic: National Geodetic Survey

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U.S. DoC / NOAA / NOS / National Geodetic Survey The National Geodetic Survey (NGS) officially releases NOAA Technical Report 50: Rates of Vertical Displacement at Benchmarks in the Lower Mississippi Valley and the Northern Gulf Coast. ACSM Bulletin : The American Congress on Surveying and Mapping ( ACSM) Bulletin discusses NGS' role in the survey community and the recent 2004 NGS convocation. Lewis And Clark Bicentennial : To honor Lewis and Clark's contributions to mapping, NGS is installing a series of commemorative markers along the route that Lewis and Clark traveled. www.ngs.noaa.gov

* Geodetic - (GIS): Definition National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 The datum established in 1929 by the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey as the surface against which elevation data in the United States is referenced. Geodetic Survey is responsible for providing and maintaining spatial reference systems, standards and national network s of control points for Canada in support of geomatics applications. State Plane Coordinate System - The plane-rectangular coordinate system s established by the United States Coastand Geodetic Survey (now known as National Ocean Survey), one for each state in the United States, for use in defining positions of geodetic stations in terms of plane-rectangular (X and Y) coordinate s. en.mimi.hu /gis/geodetic.html

Surveying and Land Information Science: Activities of the National geodetic survey (1998-2001) The National Geodetic Survey is responsible for the photogrammetric mapping of all coastal regions of the United States and its possessions, and of the Great Lakes and their connecting waterways. The National Geodetic Survey is coordinating and supporting a high-accuracy, three-dimensional network of monumented stations at 15-minute by 15-minute (25 to 30 km) nominal spacing throughout the United States and its territories. The National Geodetic Survey is currently managing field observations to complete the ellipsoidal height and horizontal components of FBN in order to attain coordinate local accuracies of 2 cm in three dimensions (95 percent confidence level). www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa4039/is_200203/ai_n9051579

Excerpt from National Geodetic Survey: NAD 83 was computed by the geodetic agencies of Canada (Federal and Provincial) and the National Geodetic Survey for several reasons. For an in-depth explanation see NOAA Professional Paper NOS 2 "The North American Datum of 1983", Charles R. Schwarz, Editor, National Geodetic Survey, Rockville, MD 20852, December 1989. "Geodetic positions on the North American Datum of 1927 were derived from the (coordinates of and an azimuth at Meades Ranch) through a readjustment of the triangulation of the entire network in which Laplace azimuths were introduced, and the Bowie method was used." (Geodetic Glossary, pp. www.geology.sdsu.edu /classes/geol552/coordinates/horizdatum.htm

skgeo.htm Geodetic marks are used as starting points for land survey, map making, engineering, construction, environmental measure ments and geological studies. Geodetic marks are reference points established on the surface of the earth by state, local, and federal agencies. Geodetic stations are generally found along roads, highways, property lines, etc., though many times they are found on high ground such as hills and mountain tops. www.usps.org /localusps/d2/storm_king/skgeo.htm

NOAA Home Page - Charting & Navigation Theme Page NOAA National Geodetic Survey provides airport geodetic control, runway, navigational aid, obstruction and other aeronautical data that is critical to the operation of the national airspace system; plans and acquires aerial photography and compiles shoreline data, primarily for application to the nautical charts produced by the - Precise surveys of the nation's coast and navigable near-shore waters are the primary responsibility of the NOAA National Geodetic Survey's Remote Sensing Division. The collection includes some of the nation's earliest nautical charts, hydrographic surveys, topographic surveys, geodetic surveys, city plans and Civil War battle maps. www.noaa.gov /charts.html

Geospatial Positioning Accuracy Standards, Part 2: Standards for Geodetic Networks Geodetic network surveys included in NSRS must be performed to meet automated data recording, submittal, project review, and least squares adjustment requirements established by the National Geodetic Survey (NGS). Geodetic network surveys are distinguished by use of redundant, interconnected, permanently monumented control points that comprise the framework for the National Spatial Reference System (NSRS) or are often incorporated into the NSRS. Geodetic control surveys are usually performed to establish a basic control network (framework) from which supplemental surveying and mapping work, covered in other parts of this document, is performed. www.fgdc.gov /standards/status/sub1_2.html

Geodetic Solutions Deveoped software that has been used by national geodetic surveying organizations to adjust their national geodetic grids A geodetic control network should be carefully designed, constructed, observed, adjusted, analyzed and maintained in order for it to provide a full lifetime of useful control for such purposes as GIS base maps, image registration, photogrammetry, construction, deformation analysis, or cadastral surveying. Geodetic Solutions will make field visits to the offices and project sites of clients for purposes of planning and inspection of constructed networks, and will undertake to organize and direct survey campaigns for the purpose of producing high-accuracy control networks. www.geodeticsolutions.com

Mission of the Geodetic Survey Section The mission of the Geodetic Survey Section is to apply state-of-the art methods of precise positioning and advanced geodetic techniques to establish and maintain the official survey base of the state of North Carolina and to support mapping, boundary determination, property delineation, infrastructure development, resource evaluation surveys and scientific applications. The vision of the Geodetic Survey Section is to lead the rapidly expanding community of users of geodetic data into the 21st century. The North Carolina Geodetic Survey is the lead agency in North Carolina responsible for the coordination of geodetic activities among State agencies. www.ncgs.state.nc.us /mission.html

South Carolina Office of Research and Statistics The primary mission of the Geodetic Survey is to establish horizontal and vertical geodetic control throughout the state to allow land and land-related items to be referenced to the national horizontal and vertical coordinate system, to ensure the integrity of new geodetic data, and to maintain geodetic files. StationView™ (affectionately known as WINGRITS in SC) is a feature packed Windows® application designed to provide rapid access to the Horizontal and Vertical control stations maintained by the National Geodetic Survey. Geodetic and Mapping Services works cooperatively to provide current geodetic information and modern land information systems. www.scgs.state.sc.us

Groundspeak - Benchmark Hunting Home Page These markers are part of the geodetic control network created and maintained by the National Geodetic Survey (NGS). Geodetic control points are permanently affixed objects at various locations all over the United States to enable land surveying, civil engineering and mapping to be done efficiently. In the surveying profession, the term benchmark is applied only to the vertical control type, but for sake of discussion on the Geocaching website, both vertical and horizontal control points are commonly referred to as benchmarks. www.geocaching.com /mark

THE NATIONAL GEODETIC SURVEY GRAVITY DATA BASE In July 1978 The National Geodetic Survey (NGS) assembled a gravity data base covering the continental U.S., and Canada and the bordering continental shelf areas. The survey code was assembled by concatenating the two-digit year of observation with the three-digit project number. For data released after May 15, 1974, the theoretical gravity was computed on the Geodetic Reference System 1967 (see definitions). www.ngdc.noaa.gov /seg/cdroms/grav99v1/document/html/ngs.htm

ArcNews Winter 2004/2005 Issue -- More Accurate Elevation Data for Users of Geospatial Data At the second annual ESRI Survey and GIS Summit last summer, Charlie Challstrom, director of the National Geodetic Survey, stressed the importance of the geodetic control foundation to provide the interdependent linkage among GIS data layers. In the United States, the National Geodetic Survey (NGS) in the U.S. Department of Commerce is responsible for this national geodetic network, known as the National Spatial Reference System (NSRS). The locational reference system used in many geospatial systems is the geodetic reference system, the one recommended by the National Research Council in its 1980 report, Need for a Multipurpose Cadastre (also called the Multipurpose Land Information System). www.esri.com /news/arcnews/winter0405articles/more-accurate.html

Resources of the National Geodetic Survey - Articles The importance of the NGS is fundamental to the national economic infrastructure. National Spatial Reference System (NSRS): comprises a consistent, accurate, and up-to-date national shoreline; a network of continuously operating reference stations (CORS) which supports 3-dimensional positioning activities; a network of permanently marked points; and a set of accurate models describing dynamic, geophysical processes that affect spatial measurements. Accuracy requirements for these surveys were set to ensure 2-centimeter local accuracy in the horizontal component, as well as 2-centimeter local accuracy in the ellipsoid heights. www.directionsmag.com /article.php?article_id=515

Idaho Statutes TITLE 55 PROPERTY IN GENERAL These coordinates shall be made to depend upon and conform to the plane rectangular coordinate values for the monumented points of the North American national geodetic horizontal network as published by the national ocean service/national geodetic survey or its successors, and such plane coordinates shall have been computed on the systems defined in this chapter. Publishing existing control stations, or the acceptance with intent to publish the newly established stations, by the national ocean service/national geodetic survey shall constitute evidence of adherence to the FGCC specifications. The prescribed standards of accuracy for A-order, B-order, first-order or second-order geodetic surveying are prepared and published by the federal geodetic control committee (FGCC) of the United States department of commerce. www.adaweb.net /devserv/survey/55chap17.htm

NOAA's National Ocean Service: National Geodetic Survey The National Geodetic Survey (NGS) develops and maintains a national system of positioning data needed for transportation, navigation, and communication systems; land record systems; mapping and charting efforts; and defense operations. To acknowledge the geodetic portion of NOAA’s mission, the part of NOS responsible for geodetic functions was named the National Geodetic Survey. NGS also develops industry specifications and standards for conducting geodetic surveys, coordinates the development and application of new surveying instrumentation and procedures, and assists state, county, and municipal agencies through a variety of cooperative programs and training workshops. www.nos.noaa.gov /programs/ngs/welcome.html

(GC313F) National Geodetic Survey Marker Cache by -Team Family Affair This cache is short tour allowing you to find and see the different kinds of National Geodetic Survey markers found in our area. The third point on this Geodetic Survey tour is Survey Marker PU2296, located at N 44° 04.040 W 103° 05.445 This Reference Mark Survey Marker is the oldest on the tour and has 'U.S. General Land Office Survey 1924' stamped into it. The first point on the tour is Survey Marker PU1568 located at N 44° 02.822 W 103° 07.887 This is a benchmark survey point with 'U.S. Coast & Geodetic Survey Benchmark' stamped into it’s face. www.geocaching.com /seek/cache_details.aspx?ID=12607

NOAA and Bismark, N.D., Mark the Lewis and Clark Bicentennial The National Geodetic Survey establishes and maintains National Spatial Reference System, providing the foundation for transportation and communication systems, boundary and property surveys, land record systems, mapping and charting, and a multitude of scientific and engineering applications. David Doyle, NOAA’s National Geodetic Survey’s chief geodesist, will make a presentation on the history of the National Geodetic Survey at “The Tent of Many Voices” on the campus of the University of Mary. Jefferson created the Coast and Geodetic Survey, to focus on the importance of geodesy, the science of measuring the size and shape of the earth, and the nation’s coasts. www.publicaffairs.noaa.gov /releases2004/oct04/noaa04-r490.html

GuideMe.com Mapping and Surveying Resources on the Internet NADCON canbe obtain from the National Geodetic Survey. CORPSCON, Version 4.11, alsoperforms vertical conversions to and from the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29) and the North American Vertical Datum of1988 (NAVD 88). Find an aerial photo online from an extensive (huge) database of photos they acquired from the United States Geological Survey and declassified Russian satellite photos. www.guideme.com /Civil/MappingandSurveying.htm

National Academies Research Dashboard Current primary terms: geological survey, federal mapping, cadastral surveys, mapping task, cadastral survey, organization alternatives, force report, national multipurpose The National Academies is not responsible for the results of any Web search using these terms, and neither implicitly nor explicitly recommends any engines, sites, content, or promotional material resulting from the use of the Research Dashboard. Results from The National Academies Press publications prioritize recency, number of returned chapters, intentionally emplaced key terms, and algorithmically extracted key terms. www.nap.edu /nap-cgi/constr3.cgi?isbn=NI000558&act=dashboard

Notes on GPS, Geodetic Datums, and Grid/Lat&Long Conversions Conventional surveying and projection techniques are then applied to the appropriate Geodetic Datum in order to produce a map. Some nations are on the lines between UTM Zones, and for national mapping purposes they use different zoning so as to avoid discontinuities across their maps. The so-called `World Geodetic System 1984', amongst other things, defines an ellipsoid (a three-dimensional ellipse) which is the currently accepted `best fit' for the overall shape of the Earth. acro.harvard.edu /SSA/BGA/os-note.html

NOAA News Online (Story 636) Following the dedication ceremonies, the NGS team, assisted by surveyors from the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, performed a high accuracy three-dimensional geodetic survey, using both global positioning system measurements and precision leveling observations, that included connections to nearby existing geodetic stations in the National Spatial Reference System. On April 23, members of NOAA's National Geodetic Survey set an 8 inch, 25 pound, polished brass survey marker in a massive concrete post during a dedication ceremony. Beginning in 1960, the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, now the National Ocean Service, established a high accuracy geodetic control monument at or near the computed location, to commemorate the completion of this important activity. www.noaanews.noaa.gov /stories/s636.htm

NOAA News Online (Story 2182) Undersecretary of commerce for oceans and atmosphere and NOAA Administrator Vice Admiral Conrad C. Lautenbacher along with Charlie Challstrom, director of the NOAA National Geodetic Survey, joined Director Fore at the United States Mint at Philadelphia to celebrate the placement of the “Corps of Discovery II” geodetic marker. The National Geodetic Survey has chosen to commemorate the historic partnership between the United States Mint and Lewis and Clark’s journey with these markers. “Today NOAA’s National Geodetic Survey continues to serve the nation by maintaining the National Spatial Reference System that provides the foundation for much of our economic infrastructure. www.noaanews.noaa.gov /stories2004/s2182.htm

ACSM.NET - National Geodetic Survey (NGS) The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) National Geodetic Survey (NGS) defines and manages a national coordinate system. NGS State Geodetic Advisors are stationed in several states to work with local communities to expand surveying capabilities. This network, the National Spatial Reference System (NSRS), determines position, height, distance, gravity, and shoreline throughout the United States which provides the foundation for transportation and communication; mapping and charting; and a multitude of scientific and engineering applications. www.acsm.net /ngs.html

MARLS This organization not only supports the land surveyors at the state level but also at the national level. The Montana Association of Registered Land Surveyors (MARLS) is a statewide organization of professional land surveyors licensed to execute land surveys in the State of Montana and dedicated to improving the quality of professional land surveying and land records in the state. To advance the study of land surveying and the education of land surveyors. www.marls.com

Bob Smith: Yellowstone/Wasatch GPS A total of 274 stations have been observed in five field campaigns that included cooperative support from the National Geodetic Survey and MIT. A limitation of campaign-style episodic surveys is that survey results, while precise enough to define local relative velocities, are not sufficient to define motion in a broad-scale regional sense. GPS work in Yellowstone National Park is in cooperation with the National Park Service. www.mines.utah.edu /~rbsmith/RESEARCH/UUGPS.html

NGS Geodesy Standards Input Formats and Specifications of the National Geodetic Survey data base (September 1994), which describes the formats and procedures of submitting data for adjustment and assimilation into the NGS Data Base. It should be submitted with the data and adhere to the form outlined in annexes K and L (GPS) of Input Formats and Specifications of the National Geodetic Survey Data Base (September 1994). Monument descriptions must be submitted in the automated format specified in Input Formats and Specifications of the National Geodetic Survey Data Base (September 1994)(updated 1998, 2000). ngs.state.ky.us /Pages/NGSdata_standards.html

Shoreline Data - National Geodetic Survey's Vector Shoreline Originator(s): UniteThe National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) National Geodetic Survey (NGS). Summary of Presentations by John Bailey and Douglas Graham (NOAA NOS National Geodetic Survey)(PDF, requires a plug-in such as Adobe® Reader®) Summary of presentations by John Bailey and Douglas Graham (NOAA NOS National Geodetic Survey) at the Shoreline Change Conference held at the NOAA www.csc.noaa.gov /shoreline/nga_survey.html

University of Washington GPS Facility National Geodetic Survey Remeasures GPS Stations in Washington, Oregon, 1998. This web site has been supported by the National Science Foundation and the US Geological Survey Map of campaign stations near Seattle surveyed in 1998 in more detail. www.geophys.washington.edu /GPS/gps.html

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