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National Ignition Facility - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The National Ignition Facility, or NIF, is an ultra-high power laser research device currently under construction at the 2008 with the first fusion ignition tests planned for 2010. Almost all of the engineering on the NIF laser is on an enormous scale. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/National_Ignition_Facility

Bulletin 21 - National Ignition Facility Update The plans called for plutonium–239 to be used in NIF in at least two kinds of experiments, equation of state (in which plutonium is compressed) and fission induction (in which neutrons from the fusion 'fuel' pellet are used to begin the fissioning process in the plutonium). NIF is the biggest and most expensive component of DoE's euphemistically titled "Stockpile Stewardship" program to use laboratory–based technologies to develop and certify new and modified nuclear weapons. NIF is a stadium–sized mega–laser, intended to blast a radioactive fuel pellet with 192 laser beams in order to create a thermonuclear explosion inside a reactor vessel. www.inesap.org /bulletin21/bul21art33.htm

NNSA - National Ignition Facility Reaches Milestone Early (NA-02-29) NIF is the only NNSA facility that can achieve fusion ignition with energy gain, which is important for understanding the performance of nuclear weapons as well as for inertial fusion energy production for future energy security. NIF will use cutting edge laser and optics technologies to create conditions of extreme temperatures and pressures in small targets. Its 192 laser beams will be focused on a target the size of a “bb.” Experiments on NIF will be used as a key part of the NNSA’s critical mission to maintain and certify the safety, security, and reliability of our nation’s nuclear deterrent without underground nuclear testing. www.nnsa.doe.gov /docs/2002-12-20-NA-02-29-NIF_reaches_milestone.htm

The National Ignition Facility: Buyer Beware The flagship of this armada of new facilities is the National Ignition Facility, or NIF, a $1.1 billion laser fusion laboratory slated for construction by 2002 at Livermore. NIF is the most glaring example of a stewardship facility that is not essential to the mission of preserving the nation's nuclear arsenal. Some facilities would address the primary stage of a warhead and some the secondary stage (in thermonuclear weapons, a primary, or fission, stage produces x-rays to implode the secondary, which releases energy through fusion); other facilities would simulate the effects of nuclear explosions on military hardware. www.technologyreview.com /articles/97/02/collina0297.asp?p=1

Super-laser project poses challenges - Science - MSNBC.com When completed in 2008, the National Ignition Facility, or NIF as the laser at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories is called, will dwarf many times over any laser to date. If NIF achieves fusion ignition, it will for the first time in a laboratory simulate the pressures and heat of a nuclear explosion, allowing nuclear weapons scientists to study the performance and readiness of the country’s aging nuclear arsenal without actually detonating a nuclear device. Among some people, fusion ignition “has become the poster child for NIF being successful” and that shouldn’t be the case, counters George Miller, a former nuclear weapons designer and bomb tester who heads the project. www.msnbc.msn.com /id/7899918

GAO Report The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, operated by the University of California under contract with the Department of Energy (DOE), is constructing the National Ignition Facility (NIF) to simulate, in a laboratory setting, the thermonuclear conditions created in nuclear explosion. While all of the three weapons laboratories agree that NIF is one of several important facilities needed to successfully support weapons science research, Los Alamos National Laboratory officials believe that using plutonium in NIF and achieving robust (repeatable) thermonuclear ignition are key to NIF?s value in the area of studying weapons primaries. However, NIF has not been approved for using plutonium, and the achievement of ignition is not guaranteed. www.globalsecurity.org /wmd/library/report/gao/gao-01-677r.htm

National Ignition Facility Project Sets Records For Laser Performance NIF also will be used to achieve inertial confinement fusion ignition with energy gain, which will provide researchers with a better understanding of the processes that occur in nuclear weapons and will provide valuable data for future fusion energy power production. NIF researchers focused this light into a special diagnostic system designed to provide precise measurements of laser beam quality and performance at these different frequencies. The tremendous energy available in NIF can be used to produce conditions of extreme temperature and pressure, similar to those that occur in stars and in exploding nuclear weapons. www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2003/06/030609012234.htm

NRDC: National Ignition Facility and Science-Based Stockpile Stewardship Resource Page On the other hand, the statement that the 192 beam facility "will be used" to compress and heat a DT capsule to "ignition and self-sustained fusion burn" is just speculative cheer leading. Simply put, all the ignition target capsule designs for which LLNL has periodically claimed "ignition" in computer simulations have either subsequently (and quietly) been discarded due to crippling hydrodynamic instability problems, or cannot be fabricated with any known precision manufacturing technique, leaving a null set of "baseline" ignition targets for the NIF. But Livermore has calculated that ignition can only be achieved at the NIF using a longer pulse: 20 ns in total with about a 3 ns high intensity component. www.nrdc.org /nuclear/nif/nrdc1214m.asp?pf=-1

Green Scissors National Ignition Facility The National Ignition Facility (NIF) is a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) nuclear weapons project being constructed at the Livermore Laboratory in northern California. NIF is a mega-laser designed to blast a radioactive hydrogen fuel pellet with 192 laser beams in an attempt to create a nuclear fusion explosion inside a reactor vessel. NIF fosters the addition of new military capabilities in nuclear weapons, promotes the spread of nuclear weapons knowledge and contravenes the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. www.greenscissors.org /energy/nif.htm

Meeting the NIF Challenge, AIM's Contribution to Leading-Edge Scientific Research NIF has already begun the transition process from its construction phase to commissioning of the facility. At completion, NIF will consist of 192 individual laser beams focused into 48 spots on an ignition target about the size of a BB-gun pellet, and compressing it to the point where thermonuclear ignition begins. Because of the high optical intensities of the NIF laser beams, requirements for a clean environment were established and are maintained to ensure reliable operation of the laser. www.aim-pmcs.com /nletter/nif0403.htm

PRESS RELEASE JDS Uniphase Modulators Selected by Lawrence Livermore National Lab for World's Largest Laser The NIF project is currently under construction at LLNL with funding from the Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Nuclear Security Administration. NIF will also have basic science applications in such areas as astrophysics, hydrodynamics, and material properties, and is expected to provide insight into the viability of thermonuclear fusion as a future economic energy source. NIF is the latest in a long line of large laser systems at LLNL dating back to the mid-1970's built for inertial confinement fusion research. www.marketwire.com /mw/release_html_b1?release_id=80063

NNSA Elevates National Ignition Facility Program Ignition, which has never occurred other than in the stars of the universe or in exploding nuclear devices, will provide researchers with a better understanding of the processes that occur in nuclear weapons and valuable data for future fusion energy production. It enhances U.S. national security through the military application of nuclear energy, maintains the U.S. nuclear weapons stockpile, promotes international nuclear nonproliferation and safety, reduces global danger from weapons of mass destruction, provides the U.S. Navy with safe and effective nuclear propulsion, and oversees its national laboratories to maintain U.S. leadership in science and technology. In addition to NIF the new office will oversee the other components of the Inertial Confinement Fusion and High Yield Campaign, including the OMEGA laser at the University of Rochester and the Z machine at Sandia National Laboratories. www.nnsa.doe.gov /docs/PR_NA-04-11_NIF_program_elevated_(4-04).htm

Installation of Line Replaceable Units into the National Ignition Facility - Steve Yakuma, Lawrence Livermore National Laborato The Department of Energy is constructing the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Livermore, CA., to study inertial confinement fusion and the physics of extremely high energy and pressure by combining the energy of up to 192 high power laser beamlines. The National Ignition Facility (NIF) is a high-power laser facility used for research in inertial confinement fusion. National Ignition facility (NIF) is an advanced, high- power laser facility for Inertial Confinement Fusion research and application. rrsd.ans.org /8th_Top.html

NRDC: The NRDC Nuclear Program's National Ignition Facility and Science-Based Stockpile Stewardship Resource Page This archive of documents and related NRDC commentary is intended to promote public awareness of both the U.S. Department of Energy's nuclear "Stockpile Stewardship" strategy and the National Ignition Facility, a laser facility under construction that constitutes a major component of the department's strategy. Section 1: Introduction to Inertial Confinement Fusion and the National Ignition Facility National Ignition Facility and Science-Based Stockpile Stewardship Resource Page www.nrdc.org /nuclear/nif/nifinx.asp

Inertial fusion energy There is a high level of confidence that ignition-level performance will be achieved on the National Ignition Facility (NIF), now under construction at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The scientific basis of inertial fusion has progressed to the point where the driver and pellet requirements to achieve ignition are known to high confidence and are within reach. At the same time, laser driver technology has progressed from a few joules to megajoules, with sufficiently good beam control and pulse characteristics to implode ignition pellets. www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/inertial_fusion_energy

National Ignition Facility Funding Clears Hurdle - 6/12/97 As the world’s most powerful laser facility capable of creating conditions similar to those at the center of the sun and other stars, it will enable scientists to contribute strategic advances in a variety of scientific disciplines impacting many sectors of our national economy. The NIF is an essential element of the Stockpile Stewardship and Management Program (SSMP), which has been developed to ensure the continued safety and reliability of the remaining nuclear weapons stockpiles in the context of a comprehensive nuclear test ban. Locating the NIF at LLNL allows them to take full advantage of the world-class high-tech companies that are so prevalent throughout the Bay Area. www.house.gov /tauscher/press/6-12-97.htm

Department of Energy Information Bridge - full-text scientific and technical reports (gray literature) The National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is a stadium-sized facility containing a 192-beam, 1.8-Megajoule, 500-Terawatt, ultraviolet laser system together with a 10-meter-diameter target chamber and room for 100 diagnostics. NIF is the world's largest and most energetic laser experimental system, providing a scientific center to study inertial confinement fusion and matter at extreme energy densities and pressures. NIF's energetic laser beams will compress fusion targets to conditions required for thermonuclear burn, liberating more energy than required to initiate the fusion reactions. www.osti.gov /bridge/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=15007245

national-ignition-facility-project.html The primary mission of NIF is to attain fusion ignition in the laboratory. Seems the NIF project is set to create laboratory fusion in the year 2008. Scientists hope to use NIF's powerful laser to combine or "fuse together" deuterium and tritium--both isotopes of hydrogen--to start a fusion reaction in NIF's target chamber. jaboobie.com /2003/08/national-ignition-facility-project.html

Session 9P - Diagnostics: MFE and ICF. To determine the utility of tertiaries for all phases of ignition experiments, we analyze three representative cases: a gas capsule (0.7 kJ yield); a cryogenic fuel capsule that fails to ignite (15 kJ); and a cryogenic fuel capsule that ignites and burns (13,000 kJ). The measurements were carried out on the Livermore EBIT facility, and contributions from the 1s2\ell3\ell', 1s3\ell3\ell', 1s3\ell4\ell', 1s3\ell5\ell', and 1s3\ell n\ell (n\geq6) satellites were determined separately. Charge-coupled devices (CCDs) are to be utilized as charged-particle detectors for \rho R and implosion symmetry diagnostics on the Ømega-Upgrade facility and NOVA. flux.aps.org /meetings/BAPSDPP96/abs/S700.html

James De Yoreo Bio National Academy of Sciences Committee on Nanotechnology for the Intelligence Community Rhodes, M.A., De Yoreo, J.J., Woods, B.W., and Atherton, L.J., Large-aperture optical switches for high-energy, multipass laser amplifiers, ICF Quarterly report 2, 23, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, UCRL-LR-105821-92-1 (1992) pp. De Yoreo, J.J., Zaitseva, N.P., Rek, Z.U., Land, T.A. and Woods, B.W., "The connection between optical distortion and elemental growth processes in single crystals of KHP2O4", ICF Quarterly Report 4, 132, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, UCRL-LR-105821-94-4 (1994). www-cms.llnl.gov /bios/yoreobio.html

National Coalition calls for Termination of National Ignition Facility The "Green Scissors '98 Report, Cutting Wasteful and Environmentally Harmful Spending and Subsidies," slated for national release today, targets 71 harmful programs ranging from the National Ignition Facility (NIF), currently under construction at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory to tobacco and timber subsidies. We highlighted the report's recommendation to terminate the Livermore Lab's National Ignition Facility, along with the nuclear testing readiness program at the Nevada Test Site and expansion of plutonium pit production at Los Alamos Lab. The NIF's goal is to shoot 192 laser beams onto a radioactive fuel pellet inside a reactor vessel in order to create a controlled thermonuclear "ignition." www.ratical.com /radiation/GreenScissors.html

EPA: Federal Register: Draft Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement for the National Ignition Facility Project Specific Analysis Portion of the Stockpile Stewardship and Management Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The Draft NIF SEIS was prepared pursuant to a Joint Stipulation and Order approved and entered as an order of the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia on October 27, 1997, in partial settlement of the lawsuit, Natural Resources Defense Council [NRDC] v. DATES: Written comments on the Draft NIF SEIS are invited from the public during the comment period which ends December 20, 1999. Comments may also be sent to the e-mail address richard.scott@oak.doe.gov. Requests for copies of the Draft NIF SEIS should be addressed to the DOE Oakland Operations Office, Energy Information Center, 1st floor in the North Tower of the Federal Building at 1301 Clay Street in Oakland, CA, (510) 637-1762. www.epa.gov /fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/1999/November/Day-05/i29016.htm

Disarmament Diplomacy: - US National Ignition Facility in Trouble On September 3, US Energy Secretary Bill Richardson issued a statement revealing serious problems in the construction of the National Ignition Facility (NIF), a pioneering laser-technology project designed to simulate heat generated in thermonuclear explosions and thus help America maintain and study its nuclear weapons stockpile without testing. NIF is a leading edge science program that is very important for our national security... The NIF is scheduled to become operational in 2003, at a projected cost of $1.2 billion. www.acronym.org.uk /40ign.htm

Physics News Graphics: Fusion at the National Ignition Facility Slated to be located at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California, the National Ignition Facility (NIF) is a proposed US research center where scientists would study nuclear fusion and other processes involving extremely dense plasmas (collections of electrically charged particles). Download article about National Ignition Facility from the December 1994 Energy and Technology Review (requires PDF reader, download a Free version from Adobe) A 3-D rendering of the National Ignition Facility, slated to carry out next-generation nuclear fusion experiments. www.aip.org /png/html/nif.htm

Late-time simulation of NIF hohlraums The late-time ( t ≥ 80 ns) behaviour of hohlraums designed for the National Ignition Facility (NIF) is simulated using the multiphysics radiation hydrodynamics codes LASNEX and HYDRA. The importance of late-time simulations in determining the lifetimes of debris shields on NIF is discussed. We have made refinements to the grid motion algorithms in the arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) hydrodynamics code HYDRA to obtain the first late-time simulations of a hohlraum that can be used to give the spatial distribution of the vaporized hohlraum wall. stacks.iop.org /0029-5515/44/709

The National Ignition Facility The National Ignition Facility (NIF) is the largest construction project ever undertaken at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The NIF is being designed and built by an LLNL led team from Los Alamos National Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, the University of Rochester and LLNL. The NIF consists of 192 40 cm square laser beams and a 10 m diameter target chamber. stacks.iop.org /0029-5515/41/567

A warp field The National Ignition Facility under construction at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory expected to begin operation in 2001 hopes to liberate ten fold the energy supplied to begin the reaction. Researchers at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory have already (March 1999) triggered fusion with a small laser costing less than $1 million. The vessel's drive system was powered by a co-axial induction drive, a small device removable from a tripod energy containment facility that was bathed in blue light from above the apparatus and a red glow from below core. www.cakes.mcmail.com /StarTrek/awarp.htm

Referenc In the indirect-drive approach, the primacy approach for heavy-ion beam driven fusion (HI) and for the glass-laser-based National Ignition Facility (NIF), the capsule is radiation driven, so that the implosion and burn physics requirements apply to both types of drivers. Early stages of planning for a new, large facility, the laboratory Microfusion Facility, which could have significant military and civilian energy application benefits, are described. It is noted that facility cost, benefits, and technological risk will have to be clearly understood before a decision to proceed can be made. www.nuclearweaponarchive.org /Library/Referenc

The NIF Beamlet Laser In September 1994, the Beamlet laser demonstrated the energy and power density requirements of a single beam of the NIF laser architecture, providing the basis for subsequent approval for construction of the National Ignition Facility. The Beamlet laser is a single-beam, scientific prototype of the 192-laser-beam National Ignition Facility (NIF). The Beamlet serves as a full-scale testbed for NIF optics that incorporates technology developments and material advances such as high-damage-threshold coatings and crystals. www.nuc.berkeley.edu /thyd/icf/beamlet.html

(IFP/03) Laser Beam Smoothing and Backscatter Saturation Processes in Plasmas Relevant to National Ignition Facility Hohlraums We have used gas-filled targets irradiated by the Nova laser to simulate National Ignition Facility (NIF) hohlraum plasmas and to study the dependence of Stimulated Raman (SRS) and Brillouin (SBS) Scattering on beam smoothing at a range of laser intensities ( Experiments with higher intensities and higher densities characteristic of 350eV hohlraum designs indicate that with appropriate beam smoothing the backscatter from such hohlraums may be tolerable. We have demonstrated the effectiveness of polarization smoothing as a potential upgrade to the NIF. www.iaea.org /programmes/ripc/physics/fec1998/html/node242.htm

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