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| | Economic Papers (Economic Society of Australia): Uncertainty of outcome, player quality and attendance at National Provincial Championship rugby union matches: an evaluation in light of the competitions review |
 | | This competition was initiated after the 1995 Rugby Union World Cup and is a cross-national provincial annual tournament between twelve teams, three from Australia, four from South Africa, and five from New Zealand (Owen and Weatherston, 2004a). |
 | | Championship uncertainty is concerned with longer-term uncertainty involving the absence of long-run domination by one or a small number of teams. |
 | | Five of the provincial unions fielding teams in the First Division (Auckland, Canterbury, Otago, Waikato, and Wellington) are based in the five main population centres of New Zealand (Auckland, Christchurch, Dunedin, Hamilton, and Wellington respectively). |
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