National Technical Means

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Topic: National Technical Means

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	Means
		National Technical Means National Technical Means is a euphemism for intelligence collection by reconnaissance satellite...
		Means of persuasion A means of persuasion, in some theories of patent infringement or to partner with the holder.
		Means of protection A means of protection is some contract or guarantee of security for civics that guarantees such prot...
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/means.html

	National Technical Means - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		National Technical Means (NTM) is a euphemism for intelligence collection by reconnaissance satellites.
		It is normally used in reference to the activities of the United States National Reconnaissance Office.
		It may involve imagery intelligence, signals intelligence, electronic intelligence, or other forms, such as space-based radar.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/National_Technical_Means

	START I: Article-by-Article Analysis - Article IX
		This means, for example, that a Party cannot destroy, blind, jam, or otherwise interfere with the national technical means of verification of the other Party that are used in a manner consistent with generally recognized principles of international law.
		Note that while paragraph 2 of Article IX prohibits interference with national technical means, the prohibition on interference with inspectors during inspections is in the Inspection Protocol.
		"National technical means" is a term used in a variety of arms control treaties; it refers to those systems for collecting information useful in such monitoring.
	www.defenselink.mil /acq/acic/treaties/start1/start1_art_9.htm

	Edward Jay Epstein's Home Page
		For example, "national technical means," which includes satellite photography and electronic interception of data, is sanctioned by the United States and the Soviet Union in the SALT agreements; embassy attaches are permitted to report on what they observe; and defectors and travelers can be debriefed.
		His real design for the CIA involved effectively abolishing espionage, except as an ad hoc supplement in certain prescribed circumstances, and replacing it with "technical collection," which is information gathered by electronic and image interceptors in satellites, ships in international waters, and other remotely-based platforms.
		Whereas technical collection is based on the leakage from electronic transmissions and physical phenomena, espionage is predicated on human leakage: it seeks to compromise individuals with access to secrets.
	edwardjayepstein.com /archived/whokilled2.htm

	China
		He said, "We cannot allow a few countries to be self-proclaimed international police and we can never accept this...It is so obvious that these national technical means could be misused and the implication is clear that the future treaty could be unequal".
		"China is firmly opposed to using human intelligence or espionage information in triggering an OSI in the name of 'national technical means.' China will never allow legitimizing espionage, as it infringes upon national sovereignty, in the CTBT or other future international arms control and disarmament treaties."
		NTM of verification are the capability of a country unilaterally to verify an agreement, through imagery and detection equipment based in space, land, air, or water.
	www.nti.org /db/china/ntmpos.htm

	George Bush Presidential Library and Museum
		The Committee charter was limited to the assessment of technical verification arrangements and techniques, and therefore their report does not address the broader national security implications of the possible outcomes defined in the legislation.
		A distinguished panel of Government and nongovernment technical experts was assembled, according to Federal Advisory Committee Act guidelines, to serve as the Technical Advisory Committee under the requirements of the Act.
		The Technical Advisory Committee had full independence in expressing their expert opinions on these matters.
	bushlibrary.tamu.edu /research/papers/1991/91100701.html

	UNITED STATES INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY - WHO WE ARE
		NGA was established October 1, 1996, as the National Imagery and Mapping Agency, by the National Imagery and Mapping Agency Act of 1996.
		NGA supports national policy objectives by committing substantial geospatial analysis resources to the priorities identified in Presidential Decision Directive 35, especially as it relates to diplomatic and regional security policy, arms control and treaty monitoring activities, counterterrorism, nonproliferation, chemical and biological warfare, and information operations activities.
		The mission supports national security objectives by providing geospatial intelligence in all its forms, and from whatever source—imagery, imagery intelligence, and cartographic data and information—to ensure the knowledge foundation for planning, decision, and action.
	www.intelligence.gov /1-members_nima.shtml

	Data Encryption Software and Technical Data Controls in the United States of America
		In the case of technical data concerning encryption software that is already in the "public domain" (as defined in the ITAR for technical data), the damage (or benefit), if any, is pretty much already done and further publication probably makes little difference.
		This means that encryption technology in the USA will tend to atrophy while it prospers in other countries.
		Technical details on this algorithm have been published, and are available to U. Citizens in the USA.
	www.austinlinks.com /Crypto/crypto-controls.html

	Arms Control Association: Arms Control Today: Technical Issues Related to the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
		Detection, identification, and attribution of nuclear explosions rest on a combination of methods, some being deployed under the International Monitoring System (IMS) established under the CTBT, some deployed as National Technical Means (NTM), and some relying on other methods of intelligence collection together with openly available data not originally acquired for treaty monitoring.
		Casting doubt on arguments offered by critics of the treaty prohibiting nuclear weapons testing, on July 31 the National Academy of Sciences issued Technical Issues Related to the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty.
		We judge that the United States has the technical capabilities to maintain confidence in the safety and reliability of its existing nuclear-weapon stockpile under the CTBT, provided that adequate resources are made available to the Department of Energy’s (DOE) nuclear-weapon complex and are properly focused on this task.
	www.armscontrol.org /act/2002_09/nassept02.asp

	The Henry L. Stimson Center - Building Block: Prohibiting Interferance of National Technical Means
		Noninterference with these national technical means, and mutual acknowledgement of their centrality to strategic and crisis stability, paved the way for more relaxed national postures toward transparency.
		A State Party shall not interfere with national or multinational technical means of verification of another State Party operating in accordance with paragraph 1 of this Article (Article XV, 2).
		Each Party undertakes not to interfere with the national technical means of verification of the other Party operating in accordance with paragraph 1 of this Article.
	www.stimson.org /wos?SN=WS20040408639

	inman-article.txt
		Another is the development of "national technical means" to monitor foreign compliance with international arms control accords.
		In terms of harm to the national interest, it makes little difference whether the data are copied from technicaljournals in a library or given away by a member of our society to an agent of a foreign power.
		The strong negative reaction from some scientists, over the issue of protecting certain technical information for national security reasons, seems to be based largely on the fact that the federal government, rather than a corporation, is the source of the restriction.
	www-swiss.ai.mit.edu /6805/articles/inman-article.txt

	IEER: Energy & Security No. 12 / Science for Democratic Action V8N2: Nuclear Weapons and the Rule of Law
		National technical means are methods, such as satellite photographs, employed by governments to detect activities in other countries.
		National technical means provide an additional way in which individual countries can detect suspicious activities and ask for on-site inspections.
		Since there is considerable variation in national technical capability even among nuclear weapons states, this has been an additional source of resistance to intrusive inspection.
	www.ieer.org /sdafiles/vol_8/8-2/ver-ctbt.html

	verification process
		National technical means (NTM): One state verifies that another state is complying without entering the other staties territory.
		Technical means include seismic detectors, nuclear radiation detectors, radio waves, radar, and visible infrared light.
		Each party must have the technical means to interpret the data.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /~bssundar/process.html

	New Verifications Technology and Issues: Space and Airborne Monitoring
		In such circumstances, the degree of transparency is necessarily very limited and national technical means, including satellite sensors, are very important for assuring stability and detecting possible violations.
		Technically, the SPOT repeat period is 26 days, but by tilting the viewing axis of the cameras off-nadir, this is reduced substantially.
		The objective of the 100 page treaty is to provide a means of increasing transparency among the participating states and verifying arms control agreements, and the provisions of the CFE in particular.
	faculty.biu.ac.il /~steing/arms/verify.htm

	Chapter 4--Future Initiatives FY97
		A number of NARSC specialists have received the clearances necessary to work with classified data derived from National Technical Means (NTM).
		In addition, NARSC will be working with several universities to develop partnerships through cooperative agreements to augment the technical capability of NARSC and to implement our alternative staffing strategy.
		NTM imagery data is characterized by high spatial resolution and has proven useful for resource management activities such as wetlands and transportation mapping, vegetation monitoring, land conveyance, oil and gas development risk assessment, and wildland fire suppression activities.
	www.blm.gov /nstc/nstcannual/fy97/fy97chap4.html

	Disarmament Documentation: align="left">'Are Our Old Concepts of Verification Obselete?', US Assistant Secretary of State Paula DeSutter, January 28, 2005
		Many of you know the difficult battles that were waged in the 1960s, '70s and '80s, first over the idea of enshrining in bilateral arms control agreements, the concept of noninterference with national technical means of verification and later, over incorporating concepts of on-site inspection and detailed data exchanges.
		The updated concept of National Means and Methods acknowledges that every state has access to information that can be relevant to reaching compliance judgments - whether from its international diplomats overseas, reports from dissident groups that reveal the noncompliance of their governments, reports from international inspectorates, commercial satellites, or other means.
		While all nations have or could have sources of valid or validateable information for reaching their own noncompliance judgments, some states have expressed concern that they lack the technical capabilities that commonly have been associated with verification -- satellites, for example, to watch the activities of their treaty partners.
	www.acronym.org.uk /docs/0501/doc09.htm

	National Technical Information Service - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The National Technical Information Service ( NTIS) is an agency in the Technology Administration of the United States Department of Commerce that serves as the U.S. government repository for research and development results and for other information produced by and for the government as well as a variety of public and private sources worldwide.
		The NTIS serves the United States as the largest central resource for government-funded scientific, technical, engineering, and business related information available today.
		Its stated mission is to support "the nation's economic growth by providing access to information that stimulates innovation and discovery."
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/National_Technical_Information_Service

	ABA/START I TREATY TEXT
		This could lead to compliance concerns, since a Party cannot discriminate by national technical means between canisters with real missiles and canisters with training missiles.
		This means that the accountability of a new heavy bomber is tied in all cases to the appearance of the completed airframe.
		This means that even if no reentry vehicles were actually released, the number of reentry vehicles with which that ICBM or SLBM shall be considered to have been flight-tested shall be equal to the number of such procedures.
	www.fas.org /nuke/control/start1/text/abatext.htm

	CBI Monthly Report for December 1999
		Karl Brown and Ralph Root of CBI presented a proposed National Technical Means (NTM) Sourcebook at the classified section of the Pecora Symposium, which was conducted by the American Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing.
		USGS is providing significant technical input into such issues as taxonomy, indicators, invasive species, national reporting, the ecosystem approach, and information management.
		ISEC is a multi-agency, multi-year initiative to develop, coordinate, and maintain a national infrastructure to provide scientific information needed for effective stewardship of the Nation's natural resources.
	biology.usgs.gov /cbi/about/monthly/1999/dec99.html

	NIMA: USIGS Technical Architecture Section 3 (U)
		MIL-STD-188-198A provides technical detail of the NITFS compression algorithm designated by the code C3 in the Image Compression field of the National Imagery Transmission Format (NITF) file image subheader, JPEG, for both eight- and 12-bit gray scale imagery and 24-bit color imagery.
		Coordinating access to a resource means that when multiple, concurrent clients access a single resource, any conflicting actions by the clients are reconciled so that the resource remains in a consistent state.
		Although the tag was originally designed for National System Imagery, it can also be used to record the softcopy processing history of airborne and commercial imagery, provided that the imagery is processed in a manner consistent with the Softcopy History Tag.
	www.fas.org /irp/agency/nima/uta/utaa-s3.html

	About CBI - Highlights for June 16, 2000
		Each evening, a file of IDP origin is transmitted from the National Imagery Management Agency and is combined with digital raster graphics to produce a series of dynamic fire maps of the spread and hot spots of the Colorado wildfires.
		NOAA's National Geophysical Data Center invited Sharon Shin of the USGS Center for Biological Informatics to present a metadata seminar on June 9 at their Boulder, Colorado facility.
		The National Biological Information Infrastructure seminar, which drew 18 participants, will be followed by a three-day workshop June 26-28.
	biology.usgs.gov /cbi/about/hi-lights/2000/06-16-00.html

	Jeffrey T. Richelson - G-T
		This is a straightforward chronicle of the process that resulted in the declassification of the NRO and the National Reconnaissance Program, as well as a brief look at some of the subsequent problems attendant to having done so.
		Richelson notes the expansion of the Task Force's charter into technical collection operations and "centralized operation of a variety of overt human intelligence activities." The reasons for the Task Force's disestablishment lay in a combination of Bobby Inman's antipathy for the unit and budget cuts in defense expenditures coming out of Congress.
		Clearly, its multitude of scientific techniques can be exploited to collect and exploit data relevant to key national security issues and requirements at both the strategic and battlefield levels.
	intellit.muskingum.edu /alpha_folder/R_folder/richelsong-t.html

	Bulletin 18 - Scientific Experts for Complete Nuclear Disarmament
		International coordination of national technical means was started.
		The Provisional Technical Secretariat of the PrepCom for the CTBTO is being established in Vienna
		It was submitted to the United Nations by Costa Rica in October 1997 and became an official UN document with the number A/C.1/52/7.
	www.inesap.org /bulletin18/bul18art22.htm

	[FPSPACE] Tenet Directive On Commercial Imagery Sets New Tone For Industry Providers
		The commercial remote sensing industry is ready to provide services and products and that would allow DoD and the intelligence agencies to devote their own national technical means and space assets to the more highly sensitive mission areas, according to officials from Denver-based Space Imaging (Defense Daily, May 23).
		Space Imaging is currently on contract with NIMA to provide maps that are made with data gathered from national technical means.
		The directive, which came in the form of a memo from Tenet sent June 7 to the director of the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA), carries a lot of clout in changing policy regarding use of commercial imagery, according to industry observers.
	www.friends-partners.org /pipermail/fpspace/2002-July/005137.html

	Adherence to and Compliance With Arms Control, Nonproliferation, and Disarmament Agreements and Commitments
		In addition to verification by national technical means, data notifications, missile flight test telemetry exchanges, and other cooperative measures, the Treaty provides for 12 types of on-site inspections and exhibitions, as well as continuous on-site monitoring activities at specified facilities.
		The Treaty established a verification regime using national technical means (NTM), notifications, and an on-site inspection system to detect and thus help deter violations of Treaty obligations.
		National governments play a critical role both in deterring and detecting violations, and in taking resolute action — individually and collectively — to enforce compliance and hold violators accountable for their actions.
	www.state.gov /t/vc/rls/rpt/51977.htm

	Arms Control Treaties
		Compliance is monitored using national technical means, five types of on-site inspection, and cooperative measures.
		Compliance is monitored by national technical means of verification and overseen by a Standing Consultative Commission.
		Compliance is monitored through the use of national technical means (e.g.
	www.seattleu.edu /artsci/history/us1945/docs/actrty.htm

	David B. Rivkin Jr. & Lee A. Casey
		(As far as the critics were concerned, America's intelligence services should have limited themselves to intelligence collections, using various gadgets, dubbed the national technical means.) Such musings have served to further traumatize Clandestine Service's senior managers, who knew they were operating without much of a political safety net and enhanced their risk-avoidance tendencies.
		This is particularly ironic, since the report cites the failure of imagination by the national security establishment as one of the key reasons why the September 11 attacks succeeded.
		Various congressional committees are holding hearings, and several of the report's "authors" are actively lobbying for the immediate adoption of the commission's entire slate of recommendations — a demand that presidential candidate John Kerry and a number of senior Democrats promptly endorsed, even urging that a special congressional session be held for this purpose.
	www.nationalreview.com /comment/rivkin_casey200408240839.asp

	"Warm" Fusion in Chicken Soup [rec.humor.funny]
		We estimate that, by limiting the amount of added water to 3 micrograms (easily accomplished through national technical means), more than 10 terawatts of warm fusion power could be produced.
		The palladium cathode is replaced by an inexpensive chromium-plated utensil, which is given an approximately circular motion induced by elementary mechanical means.
		The fusion catalysis process described by Fleischmann and Pons does, however, have several drawbacks when considered as a putative means of mass power generation.
	www.netfunny.com /rhf/jokes/91q1/warmfus.html

	[FPSPACE] North Korea and space
		Relying on "national technical means" (NTM) alone is probably no longer considered useful by this community except for a very narrow range of issues.
		But it is also worth noting that countries that want to build proscribed weapons are placed at a disadvantage by seeking to avoid national technical means.
		I presume the U.S. believed >that "national technical means" would be adequate.
	www.friends-partners.org /pipermail/fpspace/2002-October/006030.html

	The First Bush Space Policy
		The so-called "National Technical Means", in English government-owned satellites, will focus only on that capability that cannot be commercially bought.
		The new space remote sensing policy released today by the National Security Council has a decidedly free market, conservative slant as it seeks to craft a new cooperative framework between U.S. federal users of space photography and the fledgling industry that is struggling to offer such services.
		It is a landmark step in the evolution of the remote sensing industry, and if matched with budget resources-something that must be defined in the next several weeks in Washington- could trigger actual growth in that space business sector.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/910666/posts

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In the News (Fri 25 Dec 09)