National minorities

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Topic: National minorities

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In the News (Wed 30 Dec 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	China's Ethnic Reawakening
		Chairman Mao frequently referred to Article 14 of the 1931 Chinese Communist Party (CCP) constitution, which "recognizes the right of self- determination" of the national minorities in China, their right to complete separation from China, and to the formation of an independent state for each minority.
		China State Council, "National Minorities Policy and its Practice in China", Beijing, October 1999.
		The rest of the population is divided into 55 official "minority" nationalities that are mostly concentrated along the borders, such as the Mongolians and Uyghurs in the north and the Zhuang, Yi, and Bai in southern China, near southeast Asia.
	www.ndu.edu /inss/symposia/pacific2000/gladneypaper.htm (6115 words)

	FCNM STATE REPORT SUBMITTED BY ROMANIA
		That act is in keeping with the legislative and institutional measures adopted by the Romanian authorities in order to provide a framework which allows the preservation, development and expression of the ethnic, cultural, linguistic and religious identity of persons belonging to national minorities, in conditions of equality and non-discrimination in comparison with other Romanian citizens.
		The basic Political Treaties concluded by Romania with Hungary (1996) and Ukraine (1997), which contain separate articles on the protection of persons belonging to national minorities, provide that the Contracting Parties are required to implement the rules and standards set out in the Council of Europe Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities.
		Some of the newspapers and periodicals published in the mother tongue of persons belonging to national minorities are financed by the State via the Council for National Minorities, a consultative organ of the Department for the Protection of National Minorities, or via the Ministry of Culture.
	www.minelres.lv /reports/romania/Romania.htm (6115 words)

	OHCHR-> World Conference against Racism: Durban, South Africa (2001)
		The Guide has been prepared with a view to assisting minorities in understanding how to seek protection of their rights through the different procedures existing at the international and regional levels.
		This means that between 600 million and 1.2 billion people are in need of special measures for the protection of their rights, given that minorities are often among the most disadvantaged groups in society, their members often subject to discrimination and injustice and excluded from meaningful participation in public and political life.
		Practical advice is also given on how to take legal action where members of minorities consider that their rights under a particular treaty have been violated.
	www.unhchr.ch /html/racism/01-minoritiesguide.html (442 words)

	NOVES SL. AUTUMN 2004. MINORITY PROTECTION AND LANGUAGE POLICY IN CZECH REPUBLIC (1)
		The representatives of national minorities participated both in the preparation of the census, especially by informing their members publishing regularly in minority periodicals, and the performance as assistants or census commissioners.
		National minorities’ rights are protected by international law, (4) constitutional laws and domestic laws for some specific areas.
		This Minority Act specifies the rights of members of national minorities and the competence of ministries, administrative authorities and authorities of territorial self-administration units in relation to these rights.
	www6.gencat.net /llengcat/noves/hm04tardor/zwilling1_3.htm (442 words)

	THE UN WORKING GROUP ON MINORITIES
		In this regard, working group should focus (a) on the analysis of national legislation, (b) the role of education at the international, national and community levels in maintaining culture, language and other characteristics of minorities, (c) the relationship between the media and the issues of minority protection.
		The establishment on the Working Group on Minorities represents an important step in establishing a focal point for all UN activities on the implementation of the Declaration of the rights of persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious or linguistic minorities.
		Non-governmental organisations and minority groups could also be encouraged to adopt these recommendations as a framework for a continuing dialogue with governments and as a basis for assessing national laws, policies and practices.
	www.icescolombo.org /Neelan/neelan54.htm (442 words)

	Summary Records - CERD - Finland - CERD/C/SR.1309 (1999)
		Representative local and national associations were working with traditional minorities, including the Sami, Tatars, Old-Russians and Jews, and with immigrants - in one case specifically immigrant women - in cooperation with the authorities and NGOs, to improve their rights, promote tolerance and integration and arrange cultural activities and contacts.
		That was not a large proportion but numbers had risen rapidly and issues relating to immigrants as well as traditional national minorities had been receiving more attention.
		According to paragraph 32, the Ombudsman for Aliens was not responsible for national minorities.
	www.bayefsky.com /summary/finland_cerd_c_sr.13091999.php (6371 words)

	memo1_1.htm
		The National Hungarian Party which after 1922 participated in 9 elections and in 1928 was the second largest party of the Romanian Parliament also urged that the grievances of the national minorities be settled through the League of Nations (Népszövetség).
		In the framework of the Treaty of Peace which followed the Second World War, on December 9th, 1919 Romania signed the convention undertaking to secure the rights of the national minorities which live on the claimed territories.
		The recognition of national minorities as state constituting factors; actual implementation of the constitutional principle of equality of all citizens;
	www.hhrf.org /rmdsz/memo1_1.htm (6371 words)

	Haaretz - Israel News - The quarrel in Herzel s homeland
		Nevertheless, when the new Hungarian constitution was drafted in the early 1990s, in which rights of the national minorities were defined, a proposal was tabled in parliament to add the Jews to the list of 13 recognized minorities (the largest of which is the Roma [Gypsy] minority, which numbers some 200,000 to 300,000).
		Gabor Deak, a 33-year-old Hungarian Jew, recently filed a petition along with three other Jews his age to the central election committee in Hungary requesting that Jews be added to the list of recognized national minorities, which, according to the constitution, now enumerates 13 groups.
		Registration with the national federation is not obligatory, and anyone who feels themselves to be a national-Jew would not have to become a member, and his nationality would not be recorded on any official document.
	www.haaretz.com /hasen/spages/639458.html (1133 words)

	Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe
		Romania accepts the Hungarian authorities’ wish to assist their kin-minorities, but points out that this assistance must be provided in a spirit of respect for the jurisdiction of the home-state, bilateral agreements, European rules (including the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities) and the principles laid down by the Venice Commission.
		The Hungarian minorities are well organised socially and politically and play a significant part in their national political life (several ministers in Slovakia’s present cabinet belong to the Hungarian Party).
		However, since the reforms of the 1990s, many Hungarians abroad contemplate leaving their countries to settle in Hungary, and this process is likely to grow as the country’s accession to the EU approaches.
	assembly.coe.int/Main.asp?link=http://assembly.coe.int/Documents/WorkingDocs/doc03/EDOC9813.htm (3088 words)

	Asia Times Online :: Middle East News, Iraq, Iran current affairs
		The province's Arabs are among Iran's least-integrated ethnic minorities and lack a national hero of the stature of Sattar Khan and Bagher Khan, who, as Iranian legends of Azeri extraction, played a key role in the Constitutionalist Revolution of 1906 and in incorporating their communities into the national body.
		Under the Shah, who was thrown out in the revolution of 1979, ethnic minorities were largely ignored and their languages banned as part of a national policy of stressing the Persian character of the state.
		Iran is particularly vulnerable to foreign penetration in that non-Persian, non-Shi'ite ethnic minorities inhabit its extremities.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/Middle_East/GD29Ak01.html (2869 words)

	Human Rights Watch World Report 2001
		Sexual minorities were persecuted in a significant number of countries and in many ways, including the application of the death penalty or long prison sentences for private sexual acts between consenting adults.
		There were an estimated 169 bias-motivated killings of sexual minorities in Brazil in 1999, according to a May report issued by the Grupo Gay de Bahia; the states of Pernambuco and S�o Paulo recorded the highest number of killings.
		In a further debate the assembly voted to support recommendations that national governments recognize persecution on the grounds of sexual orientation for the purposes of asylum and grant bi-national same-sex couples the same residence rights as bi-national heterosexual couples.
	www.sodomylaws.org /world/wonews04.htm (2869 words)

	Self determination and national liberation
		When early meetings of the Communist International discussed the Balkan question they concluded that the only way to satisfy the different demands for national rights was in the context of a socialist federation of the whole region and not through the further proliferation of rival capitalist states, each entrapping embittered national minorities within them.
		In each case, too, the only way one weak national state could maintain its control over the minorities within its boundaries, in the face of other weak states which allegedly stood for the rights of those minorities, was to form close alliances with the major imperialist powers.
		Otherwise Kosovan self determination would simply mean the old Balkan game of one national group establishing a state, denying minority ethnic groups their rights, and leading to still more ethnic strife.
	pubs.socialistreviewindex.org.uk /sr230/harman.htm (2869 words)

	Pages 1--28 from
		National and ethnic minorities have the right to establish educational and cultural institutions designed to protect religious identity, as well as to participate in the resolution of matters connected with their cultural identity.
		Poland has in recent years taken steps to address the problem of racism and discrimination through the introduction of relevant legislation, as well as moving towards an increased recognition of the existence of national and ethnic minorities in Poland and of the necessity to introduce specific measures in this respect.
		ECRI encourages the rapid finalisation and adoption of the draft law on national and ethnic minorities.
	www.hri.ca /fortherecord2000/euro2000/documentation/ecri/cri200034.htm (8257 words)

	Yugoslav Daily Survey
		What is new in the draft law is the possibility for setting up a national council - an institution which should deal with issues pertaining to the preservation of the identity of the minorities and also be a partner to the state in adopting decisions in the sphere of education, culture and media.
		The draft law guarantees individual and collective rights to national minorities, the right to education in their mother tongue, the right to the use of their language in official and media purposes.
		U.S. BELGRADE, Feb 11 (Tanjug) - A Yugoslav parliament committee for human rights on Monday supported a draft law on the protection of the rights and freedoms of national minorities.
	www.mfa.gov.yu /Bilteni/Engleski/b120202_e.html (8257 words)

	Tungusic Research Group: Bibliography
		China and Its National Minorities: Autonomy or Assimilation?
		On the question of national distinctions among the national minority nationalities of China.
		In Thomas Heberer (ed.), Ethnic Minorities in China.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~trg/biblio.html (8257 words)

	Articles - Pakistan
		Pakistan is the second largest Muslim country in terms of population and its status as a declared nuclear power â“ the only Islamic nation to have that status â“ also plays a part in its international role.
		The Electoral College of Pakistan â“ consisting of the Senate, National Assembly, and the provincial assemblies â“ elects the President of Pakistan, who is the Head of State and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces.
		The National Assembly elects the Prime Minister of Pakistan, who then appoints selected members of the National Assembly and Senate as federal ministers in the cabinet - the executive branch.
	www.wathcesa.com /articles/Pakistani (6723 words)

	Ny sida 1
		The national culture support, which is managed by the National Council for Cultural Affairs, has as of 2000 been reinforced in order particularly to be able to take into account national minorities when allocating support.
		The Protection of national minorities and of the rights and freedoms of persons belonging to those minorities forms an integral part of the international protection of human rights, and as such falls within the scope of international co-operation.
		There are no limitations in Swedish law regarding the right for persons who belong to a national minority to choose to be treated or not treated as such and nor is such a choice linked to any disadvantages under Swedish law.
	www.scania.org /council/1104report.htm (6723 words)

	Religion and Philosophy
		Misusing religion and/or God to support society�s bias against sexual and gender minorities also inappropriately justifies psychological, legal and physical violence against them.
		As a gay man, I am proud and particularly sensitive to the work Soulforce does in fighting prejudice and bigotry and defending the rights of sexual minorities.
		Some zealots blatantly articulate spiritual violence against gay, lesbian, bisexual and trangender people when they scream �God Hates Fags.� Mainline churches may be less blatant and more sophisticated, but they are no less guilty of spiritual violence.
	www.earthrenewal.org /relphi.htm (6723 words)

	People of China (Chinese)
		The national minorities, though fewer in number, are also scattered over a vast areas, and can be found in approximately 64.3 percent of China, mainly distributed in the border regions from northeast China to north, northwest, and southwest China.
		According to the fourth national census, taken in 1990, the Han people made up 91.96% of the country's total population, and the other 55 ethnic groups, 8.04%.
		The minority people shall exercise autonomous rights, be masters in their own areas and administer the internal affairs of their ethnic group.
	www.asianinfo.org /asianinfo/china/people.htm (1715 words)

	Fr. Tiso, Slovakia and Hitler By DENNIS BARTON
		NATIONAL ARCHIVES, U.S. His [Chvalkovsky] explanation of the occurrences was that a group of Slovaks in and out of the government purporting to represent the majority of the Slovaks attempted to set up an independent government under the protection of Germany.
		Hlinka and Tiso favoured co-operation with the Hungarian, German and Polish minorities, it was merely as a tactical move to co-ordinate opposition to the government's centralist policies ((AXS 63)).
		In Slovakia democracy was replaced by a strong National Unity Party, the Communists and marxist Socialists were banned, as was the Jewish Party.
	www.church-in-history.org /pages/booklets/tiso(n)-2.htm (8254 words)

	Science Education at Jefferson Lab
		Jefferson Lab's long-term commitment to science education continues to focus on increasing the number of teachers with a substantial background in math and science, strengthening the motivation and preparation of all students, especially minorities and females, and addressing the serious under representation of minorities and females in science, math, engineering and technology careers.
		A s a world-class research facility, Jefferson Lab is a valued partner to the local, regional and national education community.
	education.jlab.org (8254 words)

	UCSJ RUSSIA REGIONAL REPORTS: 1998 - 1999
		RNU leaders regularly call for violence against unpopular ethnic and religious minorities (Jews, people from the Caucasus, Mormons, Jehovah's Witnesses, etc.) and RNU members have been known to assault members of these groups.
		RNU ideology offers simple reasons for Russia's current economic and societal troubles— enemies of Russia, led by Jews and other religious and ethnic minorities, are destroying the country.
		RNU toughs mount joint patrols with police in the cities of Yaroslavl, Kostroma, and Voronezh, and in Oryol, the region's leading neo-Nazi, who was once a member of the RNU, appears to have close ties with the regional administration.
	www.fsumonitor.com /99report/RNU.shtml (2046 words)

	Cha07.htm
		Historians in the Soviet-dominated countries, who accepted the party directives in the 1950's on how to write history, are beginning to discover that the problem of national minorities can no longer be "kept quietly under the rug." As a result, some of them are re-evaluating the approach, as well as the problem itself.
		Moving toward the transformation of Czechoslovakia into a federal political system, the reform movement took several constructive steps by promising to re-establish the rights of nationalities and putting emphasis on the question of political representation of national minorities.
		Nationalities as collective entities have no rights whatsoever, only individuals do.
	www.hungarian-history.hu /lib/chaszar/Cha07.htm (2046 words)

	New Page 1
		The struggle between the Hungarian Assembly and central government in Vienna ended with the Act of National Minorities in which Hungarian was recognized as the first official language in the Hungarian territory of the Dual Monarchy.
		The new law on education prohibits the use of public funds for minority-language universities and denominational schools.
		New Prime Minister Victor has recruited two Hungarians to his cabinet: Gyorgy Torday, Secretary of State heading the newly-created Office for Minorities and Akos Birtala, Minister of Tourism.
	www.geocities.com /crissium/hungarian.html (2613 words)

	Armenia
		In March 2000, the National Minorities Commission held a Congress of National Minorities; the last such Congress was held in 1991.
		The National Assembly (Parliament) consists of 131 deputies; 56 are elected on a proportional basis and 75 on a district by district majoritarian basis.
		In July the National Assembly approved the draft law on political asylum, which states that political asylum will be granted only by the president.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2001/eur/8221.htm (12597 words)

	Research at Alcohol Research Group
		With support again from NIAAA, analysis of the newest survey, the Year 2005 National Alcohol Survey, is now beginning in our extended National Research Center.
		Since 1984, Alcohol Research Group has collected and analyzed data from a variety of sources within a particular northern California county: clients in the alcohol, drug, and mental health treatment systems, patients in emergency rooms and in the primary health clinic system, clients in the welfare system, and individuals imprisoned by the criminal justice system.
		Research methods, in particular comparison of different techniques for conducting surveys, such as in-person versus telephone interviews and different ways of asking questions.
	www.arg.org /studies.html (12597 words)

	British National Party
		Your list is not adequate for the French situation: minorities is not a concept that exists in French law (with the exception of women, who are a majority anyway: half of the candidates from any party must be women): everybody is either a French citizen or not.
		Favoring equal rights for minorities before the law, but actively encouraging nonviolent racism from private citizens.
		And of course the immense majority of people in the neo-nazi party is anti-semitic and anti-arabs, their security corp is organized as a private militia...
	use.perl.org /comments.pl?sid=5137&cid=7938 (902 words)

	Serbia Info / Facts and Figures / Provinces - Vojvodina
		The oldest institutions in Vojvodina which traditionally have been the cultural and scientific bastions of the Serbian people, are: Matica Srpska, founded in 1826 and the Serbian National Theatre, founded in 1861, which performs plays in the languages of the minorities too.
		The Statute of Vojvodina which is the basic legal act of the province, permits, besides the Serbian language, the official use of four other languages of the largest national minorities: Hungarian, Slovak, Rumanian and Ruthenian.
		In Novi Sad, there is a branch of the Serbian Academy of Science and Art and two Scientific Institutes with some 3000 experts in various fields who are active in these institutes and faculties.
	www.serbia-info.com /facts/provinces.html (812 words)

	National Human Rights Commission - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In addition, the Chairpersons of the National Commission for Minorities, the National Commission for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and the National Commission for Women are deemed to be Members of the Commission for the discharge of specific functions
		Shri Tarlochan Singh, Chairperson, National Commission for Minorities ; Ex-officio Member
		The National Human Rights Commission is constituted by the central government and comprises:
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/National_Human_Rights_Commission (812 words)

	Council of Europe portal
		Representatives of member states which have not ratified the Council of Europe’s Framework Convention for the protection of National Minorities have been invited to a hearing, organised by the PACE Legal Affairs Committee in Paris on 22 November.
		Parliamentary hearing on ratification of the National Minorities Framework Convention
		On 25 November, the PACE Standing Committee will meet in Bucharest, at the invitation of the Romanian Senate.
	www.coe.int (736 words)

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In the News (Wed 30 Dec 09)