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Topic: Nationalism

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	Nationalism
		Nationalism is the doctrine or practice of promoting the collective interests of the national community or STATE above those of individuals, regions, special interests or other nations.
		Nationalism does not necessarily have a particular ideological slant, but varies from right to left on the political spectrum; its flavour and content depend upon the historical circumstances.
		A select committee of the Ontario legislature on economic and cultural nationalism, a national commission on Canadian Studies at the university level led by T.H.B. Symons, and various commissions on national identity in the media were active in the early 1970s.
	www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com /index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0005637 (2058 words)

	nationalism. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Nationalism is basically a collective state of mind or consciousness in which people believe their primary duty and loyalty is to the nation-state.
		Nationalism is a comparatively recent phenomenon, probably born with the French Revolution, but despite its short history, it has been extremely important in forming the bonds that hold modern nations together.
		It was exactly this latter type of nationalism, however, that arose in Nazi Germany, preaching the superiority of the so-called Aryan race and the need for the extermination of the Jews and the enslavement of Slavic peoples in their “living space” (see National Socialism).
	www.bartleby.com /65/na/natlism.html (1284 words)

	Nationalism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nationalism is a greatly varied concept of human social and cultural identity that holds that nations (either ethnically or culturally defined) are the "fundamental units" for human social life, and as such take precedence over any concepts of universalism as well as any foreign concept of nationalism.
		While internationalism in the cosmopolitanist context by definition implies cooperation among nations, and therefore the existence of nations, proletarian internationalism is different, in that it calls for the international working class to follow its bretheren in other countries irrespective of the activities or pressures of the national government of a particular sector of that class.
		Hechter attributes nationalism in the "Celtic fringe" of Britain and Ireland to the reinforcing divisions of culture and the division of labour.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nationalism (7226 words)

	Nationalism
		The term ‘nationalism’ is generally used to describe two phenomena: (1) the attitude that the members of a nation have when they care about their national identity, and (2) the actions that the members of a nation take when seeking to achieve (or sustain) some form of political sovereignty.
		Nations and national identity may be defined in terms of common origin, ethnicity, or cultural ties, and while an individual's membership in the nation is often regarded as involuntary, it is sometimes regarded as voluntary.
		Nationalism in the wide sense is any complex of attitudes, claims and directives for action which ascribe a fundamental political, moral and cultural value to nation and nationality and which produce obligations (for individual members of the nation, and for any involved third parties, individual or collective) on the basis of this ascribed value.
	www.seop.leeds.ac.uk /archives/fall2004/entries/nationalism (10452 words)

	Nationalism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		The term “nationalism” is generally used to describe two phenomena: (1) the attitude that the members of a nation have when they care about their national identity and (2) the actions that the members of a nation take when seeking to achieve (or sustain) self-determination.
		Nations and national identity may be defined in terms of common origin, ethnicity, or cultural ties, and while an individual's membership in the nation is often regarded as involuntary, it is sometimes regarded as voluntary.
		Nationalism in a wider sense is any complex of attitudes, claims and directives for action ascribing a fundamental political, moral and cultural value to nation and nationality and deriving special obligations and permissions (for individual members of the nation and for any involved third parties, individual or collective) from this ascribed value.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/nationalism (11809 words)

	Modern History Sourcebook: Music and Nationalism
		Nationalism was the most successful political force of the 19th century.
		His Finlandia was composed for a national pageant in 1899 which, under the guise of a charitable event, was aimed at the effort to "Russify" the country.
		Liberal nationalism, as for instance associated with the Italian leader Giuseppe Mazzini, sought to establish liberal states based on the a "nation".
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/mod/NATMUSIC.html (975 words)

	Nationalism
		The theme of this unit is the triumph of nationalism as the way in which society was organized.
		Nationalism continued to grow in strength in the emerging urban society of the late nineteenth century.
		This was because national governments and politicians responded effectively to many of the political demands and social needs of the people.
	www.fresno.k12.ca.us /schools/s090/lloyd/nationalism.htm (456 words)

	Nationalism
		Nationalism is a sense of identity with the nation.
		The nation is unlike an empire, which is held together by military force, by police, sometimes by religion as with a god-king.
		While French nationalism motivated France to be a self-appointed protector of the Roman Catholic Church and Christian shrines in Palestine, Russian nationalism motivated the Russians to be the self- appointed protectors of the Christian Orthodox interests there.
	www2.sunysuffolk.edu /westn/nationalism.html (1618 words)

	George Orwell: "Notes on Nationalism"
		Nationalism is not to be confused with patriotism.
		Nationalism, in the extended sense in which I am using the word, includes such movments and tendencies as Communism, political Catholocism, Zionism, Antisemitism, Trotskyism and Pacifism.
		It would be an oversimplification to say that all forms of nationalism are the same, even in their mental atmosphere, but there are certain rules that hold good in all cases.
	www.resort.com /~prime8/Orwell/nationalism.html (6642 words)

	Nationalism: Definition
		The term "nationalism" is generally used to describe two phenomena: (1) the attitude that the members of a nation have when they care about their national identity and (2) the actions that the members of a nation take when seeking to achieve (or sustain) self-determination.
		It is traditional, therefore, to distinguish nations from states — whereas a nation often consists of an ethnic or cultural community, a state is a political entity with a high degree of sovereignty.
		Nationalism develops from the idea that the nation, in contrast to the nation-state, is formed of the indigenous people to an area.
	www.pan-nationalism.org /nationalism (506 words)

	Blood Sacrifice and the Nation: Revisiting Civil Religion*
		Theorists of nationalism wish to separate church and state by subordinating the claims of the former to the latter.
		The creation of national or sectarian religious sentiment depends on a common secret, which is that the underlying cost of all society is the violent death of some portion of its members.
		In the case of American nationalism, that god is the group symbolized in the totem fetish, the flag, and embodied in the totem leader, the President.
	www.asc.upenn.edu /usr/fcm/jaar.htm (5110 words)

	Nationalism
		While nationalism is a strong force in both the US and Canada, the expression of it is quite different on people divided by the arbitrary border line.
		Ironically, a reason why Canadian nationalism has always seemed so undefinable beyond being "not American” is that Canada still is today, as it was at its birth, a nation of people in denial of their own Americanness.
		Finally, United Nations ratings in Human Development have often been used in the past as a basis for Canadians to point out their superiority.
	www.unitednorthamerica.org /nationalism.htm (3506 words)

	[No title]
		In some cases, the term nationalism itself may not be used at all in what are referred to as ethnic or other "sub-national" conflicts, as is the case with many of the conflicts taking place inside of multinational countries such as India.
		It focuses on competing paradigms and theories of nations and nationalism, and analyses the subject in terms of ideology, theory and history.
		The author argues that ethnic nationalism cannot be understood in terms of the modern rationalism employed by analysts of the phenomenon.
	www.beyondintractability.org /m/nationalism.jsp (3169 words)

	Nationalism
		In effect, therefore, the goal of nation states is to project a segment of the past into the future.
		Nation states are past-oriented, in contrast to possible utopian states, oriented to a future goal.
		This website is a non-biased resource for the study of nationalism and the reasons people elect to reject "modern society" (liberal democracy, the political/economic nation-state, capitalism, multiculturalism) and select a type of government that according to its adherents has been appropriate in every age and forever will be.
	www.pan-nationalism.org (226 words)

	Treanor: Structures of Nationalism
		A world of nation states is a world of states built to maintain past ideals, where change is limited to that necessary for their survival, a world structured against 'change for the sake of change'.
		Nations themselves are natural units with a cultural homogeneity based on common ancestry or history, each requiring its own sovereign state on its own inalienable territory.
		Nations are thus projects for the future and have the right to self-determination in order to organise their future.
	www.socresonline.org.uk /2/1/8.html (7419 words)

	Nations & Nationalism : What is a nation? தேசியம் ...
		The Tamils today are a trans-state nation and their 'coherence and unity' is growing and is directed to the establishment of an independent Tamil state.
		And Lenin's support for 'national self determination' was directed to wean the working class away from 'bourgeois nationalism' and was derived from the Marxist view that a nation was not simply a historical category, but a historical category belonging to a definite epoch, the epoch of rising capitalism.
		For national leaders to function effectively certain optimal conditions are essential: they seem to require an opportunity within their own society to interact with one another, so that they can cooperate, produce new ideas, and indeed provide the communication necessary for the formation and maintenance of nationalism...
	www.tamilnation.org /nation.htm (10614 words)

	Greek nationalism, the "Megale Idea" and Venizelism to 1923
		Greek nationalism has the "Megale Idea," the counterpart of Serbia's "Nacertanije." Literally translated as the "great idea" or "grand idea," the Megale Idea implies the goal of reestablishing a Greek state as a homeland for all the Greeks of the Mediterranean and Balkan world.
		Rhigas was advanced enough in his thinking to abandon religion as a criterion for national identity but he was not farsighted enough to see the ways in which modern ethnic nationalism, with its emphasis on shared language and culture, would make such an idea impossible.
		The old elite was often lukewarm about national expansion, because its power base in the the old core of the state would have been diluted by the addition of new lands whose inhabitants often worked in the new industries.
	www.lib.msu.edu /sowards/balkan/lect14.htm (4026 words)

	"Nationalism and its Discontents" by Michael Lind
		Instead of seeing a shift from nationalism to non-nationalist religion, then, we are witnessing, in much of the world (including the United States) the displacement of secular nationalism by religious nationalism.
		If religious nationalism is considered, as it should be, a form of nationalism, then Wiebe's obituary for nationalism may prove to be as premature as Hobsbawm's.
		His solution to the horrors perpetrated in nationalism's name is to downgrade the power of states and encourage a "diversity of loyalties." What exactly he had in mind is not clear.
	www.washingtonmonthly.com /features/2001/0112.lind.html (2043 words)

	Internet Modern History Sourcebook: Nationalism
		The German method, required by political circumstances, was todefine the "nation" in ethnic terms.
		It is debateable whether, in practice, all nationalisms ended up as Chauvinistic and aggressive, but the very nature of nationalism requires that boundaries be drawn.
		Unless these boundaries are purely civic, successful nationalism, in many cases produced a situation in which substantial groups of outsiders were left within "nation-states".
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/mod/modsbook17.html (740 words)

	The Nationalism Project: Homepage
		The Nationalism Project is one of the most widely used nationalism studies resources on the Internet and provides users with a clearinghouse for scholarly nationalism information including: leading definitions of nationalism, book reviews, web links, subject bibliographies, a bibliography of more than 2,000 journal articles, and much more.
		The Nationalism Project is loosely affiliated with the Association for Research on Ethnicity and Nationalism in the Americas (ARENA), an informal association of international scholars dedicated to the study of nationalism in both North and South America.
		The Nationalism Project is a scholarly website and is not affiliated with any nationalist groups or organizations.
	www.nationalismproject.org (169 words)

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