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Topic: Native POSIX Thread Library

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	Native POSIX Thread Library - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		NPTL uses a similar approach to LinuxThreads, in that the primary abstraction known by the kernel is still a process, and new threads are created with the clone() system call (called from the NPTL library).
		NPTL is a so-called 1×1 threads library, in that threads created by the user (via the pthread_create() library function) are in 1-1 correspondence with schedulable entities in the kernel (processes, in the Linux case).
		Old-style Linux POSIX threading is known for having trouble with threads that refuse to yield to the system occasionally because it does not take the opportunity to preempt them when it arises, something that Windows was known to do better at the time.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/NPTL (565 words)

	LWN: The Native POSIX Thread Library
		Pure kernel-based threads are often perceived as being slow, however, since the kernel scheduler must be invoked to switch between threads.
		NPTL authors Ulrich Drepper and Ingo Molnar took a close look at the problem, and came to the conclusion that 1:1 was, in the end, the more promising approach.
		User-space threading implementations have to go to great length to ensure that one thread, when it performs a blocking operation, does not block all threads running under that process; this can be a complex task.
	lwn.net /Articles/10710 (838 words)

	LWN: Native POSIX Thread Library 0.1 released
		The result is this thread library which is, unlike previous attempts, a very thin layer on top of the kernel.
		The library itself optimizes the memory allocation so that in many cases the creation of a new thread can be achieved with one single system call.
		I was under the impression that Next Generation POSIX Threads were the future of threading on Linux.
	lwn.net /Articles/10465 (2162 words)

	Open Directory - Computers: Programming: Threads: POSIX (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Native POSIX Thread Library: NPTL - White paper describes actual implementation of thread library for which requirements are spelled out in a prior document.
		POSIX Synchronous Wrappers - A set of C++ wrappers for posix synchronous entities such as pthread, mutexes and condition.
		POSIX Threads Explained, Part 2 - How to protect the integrity of shared data structures in threaded code by using mutexes.
	dmoz.org /Computers/Programming/Threads/POSIX (451 words)

	Linux Tutorial: POSIX Threads
		Threads require less overhead than "forking" or spawning a new process because the system does not initialize a new system virtual memory space and environment for the process.
		When a mutex lock is attempted against a mutex which is held by another thread, the thread is blocked until the mutex is unlocked.
		A condition variable must always be associated with a mutex to avoid a race condition created by one thread preparing to wait and another thread which may signal the condition before the first thread actually waits on it resulting in a deadlock.
	www.yolinux.com /TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialPosixThreads.html (1944 words)

	Red Hat Linux 9 and Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition 1.4.2: A Winning Combination
		Even though the NPTL threads library is relatively new, some applications have already shown considerable improvement when running J2SE 1.4.2 with Red Hat Linux 9 on single and dual SMP configurations, when compared with J2SE 1.4.1 and the old Linux thread library.
		Future versions of the thread library will mainly feature performance and scalability improvements, more support for NUMA machines, and new interfaces to better support higher-level languages like the Java language.
		While future extensions to the thread library API might include better support for garbage collection, the code as it exists today is a huge step forward; its performance and features compare well with any other implementation.
	java.sun.com /developer/technicalArticles/JavaTechandLinux/RedHat (1530 words)

	Native POSIX Thread Library - TheBestLinks.com - NPTL, IA-32, Linux kernel, Library (computer science), ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Native POSIX Thread Library - TheBestLinks.com - NPTL, IA-32, Linux kernel, Library (computer science),...
		NPTL, Native POSIX Thread Library, IA-32, Linux kernel, POSIX...
		It was discovered that Windows handled threads that yielded often better than RedHat Linux 9, but RedHat Linux 9 handled threads that yielded less frequently better than Windows.
	www.thebestlinks.com /NPTL.html (281 words)

	Linux-Kernel Archive: [ANNOUNCE] Native POSIX Thread Library 0.1
		threads remain and other places need to be cleaned up.
		thread library would be able to in an M-on-N model implementation.
		The thread library is designed to be binary compatible with the old
	www.uwsg.iu.edu /hypermail/linux/kernel/0209.2/1075.html (1867 words)

	Linux: Native POSIX Threading Library (NPTL) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Ulrich Drepper recently announced the first public release of the Red Hat sponsored "Native POSIX Thread Library" (NPTL).
		release of a new POSIX thread library for Linux.
		> release of a new POSIX thread library for Linux.
	kerneltrap.org /node/422 (4433 words)

	CGL Spec DB 2.0.1
		This functionality is used in POSIX Timers and POSIX Threads.
		This functionality is used in POSIX Threads functionality.
		A kernel dump will provide the ability to capture enough of the kernel state to permit post-crash analysis of the conditions that led to a server problem, which may be a hardware, software, resources or configuration issue.
	developer.osdl.org /dev/initiatives/cgl.php?ver=cgl_2_0_1 (6777 words)

	Native POSIX Threading Library - OSNews.com
		A recent feature on kerneltrap.org: "Ulrich Drepper recently announced the first public release of the Red Hat sponsored 'Native POSIX Thread Library' (NPTL).
		He explained, 'Unless major flaws in the design are found this code is intended to become the standard POSIX thread library on Linux system and it will be included in the GNU C library distribution.
		In comparison, with the 2.5.31 kernel (prior to Ingo's recent threading work), such a test would have taken around 15 minutes.
	www.osnews.com /story.php?news_id=1795 (209 words)

	Red Hat Linux 9 Native Posix Threads Key to Good Java Support? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The most significant technical feature in RH 9 is the inclusion of the Native Posix Threading Library (NTPL), essentially an enhanced threading technology that has been called the key to good Java support for Linux, particularly for thread-heavy apps like J2EE appservers.
		NPTL is good news for databases and other server-side apps, but it is
		Joe Walker, author of the popular AJAX library DWR, discusses some of the issues he's come across in using AJAX (and writing DWR).
	www.theserverside.com /home/thread.jsp?thread_id=18544 (1375 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Basically, the benchmark was how _fast_ thread creation is, not now many you can run at the same time.
		100k threads at once is crazy, but you can do it now on 64-bit architectures if you really want to.
		The most noticeable one may well be the new and much improved elevator by Jens Axboe, this one makes a big difference at least to me. And Andrew found a nasty SMP deadlock on the tasklist lock.
	www.kerneltraffic.org /kernel-traffic/kt20021007_187.txt (7763 words)

	[Philip Blundell] Re: [PATCH] Native POSIX Thread Library(NPTL) ARM Supporting Patches (1/3) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		If it turns out to be too great, it may be possible to reduce the overhead by adding some more support to the kernel.
		What I've been thinking of is a way for applications to supply a pointer to the kernel (via a new system call), and have it store the current thread ID at that address during context switch.
		That way, retrieving the thread descriptor would be just a regular memory access.
	www.phil.uni-sb.de /pipermail/linux-m68k/2003-May/003260.html (329 words)

	Kernel Traffic #187 For 6 Oct 2002
		We are pleased to announce the first publically available source release of a new POSIX thread library for Linux.
		Programs indirectly linked against the thread library had problems with the old implementation because of the way symbols are looked up.
		Trying to be a bit more timely about releases, especially since some people couldn't use 2.5.37 due to the X lockup that should hopefully be fixed (no idea _why_ that old bug only started to matter recently, the bug itself was several months old).
	www.kerneltraffic.org /kernel-traffic/kt20021007_187_print.html (7052 words)

	Native Posix Thread Library vs LinuxThreads (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		To get the best performance under Linux, especially on SMP systems, the use of NPTL is advised.
		The difference in performance can be over a factor of ten in some circumstances.
		NPTL is the default library on modern Linux distributions, so there is generally not a problem, except if you use a statically compiled version that, for portability reasons, defaults to LinuxThreads.
	doc.powerdns.com /nptl.html (182 words)

	ipedia.com: Single UNIX Specification Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This name was devised by Richard Stallman on request for a memorable name for the standards.
		The near-equivalent SUS became more popular with the involvement of several major vendors in the wake of the UNIX wars because it was available for free, whereas the IEEE charged a substantial fee for access to the POSIX specification.
		Beginning in 1998 a joint working group, the Austin Group, began to develop the combined standard that would be known as the Single UNIX Specification Version 3.
	www.ipedia.com /single_unix_specification.html (529 words)

	Something like a home page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This is the white paper describing the actual implementation of the thread library for which the requirements are spelled out in the previous document.
		This is the design document for the thread-local locale model which is implemented in glibc 2.3.
		The DWARF library is very much usable as well and is used in projects such as SystemTap.
	people.redhat.com /drepper (1517 words)

	The Native POSIX Thread Library for Linux, from Red Hat - White Papers, Webcasts, and Case Studies - ITPapers
		Overview: This white paper describes actual implementation of thread library for which requirements are spelled out in a prior document.
		The LinuxThreads implementation which today is Linux's standard POSIX thread library is based on the principles outlined by the kernel developers at the time the code was written (1996).
		The basic assumption is that context switches among related processes are fast enough to handle each user-level thread by one kernel thread.
	www.itpapers.com /abstract.aspx?scid=262&x=20&docid=68905 (330 words)

	MontaVista Software - Platform to Innovate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The AIS CLM API provides a mechanism for applications to determine the members of a cluster and to track membership changes.
		The API is available as both a static and shared library with interface source code and header files licensed under the BSD license.
		The AMF API is also available as both a static and shared library with interface source code and header files licensed under the BSD license.
	www.mvista.com /products/tech/nptl_posix.html (316 words)

	DDJ>NPTL: The New Implementation of Threads for Linux
		Despite the popularity of Linux, despite the rich support for applications from industrial-strength databases to enterprise server applications, despite its reputation for performance and robustness, and despite support for multiple hardware architectures, Linux has always been a second-class operating system when it comes to support for multithreaded applications.
		If one thread dies the rest are usually left hanging and you must kill them all before restarting.
		Introduced with Version 2.6 of the Linux kernel, and soon to be standard on a distribution near you, NPTL brings full compliance to the POSIX Standard for all major features, and performance boosts varying from outstanding to orders of magnitude.
	www.ddj.com /documents/s=9825/ddj0508i/0508i.html (640 words)

	Re: [ANNOUNCE] Native POSIX Thread Library 0.1
		The case of internal synchronization is really that the 1:1 model makes a 'bad parallelism' more visible: when there's contention.
		So anyone who thinks the M:N library should perform faster is welcome to improve it and send in results.) Ingo - To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-kernel" in the body of a message to majordomo@vger.kernel.org More majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html Please read the FAQ at http://www.tux.org/lkml/
		Prev by thread: Re: [ANNOUNCE] Native POSIX Thread Library 0.1
	www.linuxarkivet.se /mlists/linux-kernel/0209/msg05584.html (218 words)

	RE: [PATCH] Native POSIX Thread Library(NPTL) ARMSupportingPatches (1/3) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		If we need to support that, and it has to be done by dcache lockdown, it would probably be best if the kernel got to choose the location of the thread variable, rather than the application.
		It might be worth asking the good folk on the linux-arm-kernel list for their views.
		I suppose the other thing to do would be to try to collate some benchmarks to find out how often threaded programs tend to call THREAD_SELF(), so we can determine how much of a performance issue this will actually be.
	www.redhat.com /archives/phil-list/2003-May/msg00084.html (211 words)

	[No title]
		Note that this list has historically contained many errors, such as names that are in fact not charsets or references that do not give enough detail to reliably map names to charsets.
		This CCS is used as the basis for keywords and parameter names in many IETF protocols, and as the sole CCS in numerous IETF protocols that have not yet been internationalized.
		CJK characters and Han characters The ideographic characters used in Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and traditional Vietnamese writing systems are often called 'CJK characters' after the initial letters of the language names in English.
	www.ietf.org /rfc/rfc3536.txt (7547 words)

	LKML: Rik van Riel: Re: Offtopic: (was Re: [ANNOUNCE] Native POSIX Thread Library 0.1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		LKML: Rik van Riel: Re: Offtopic: (was Re: [ANNOUNCE] Native POSIX Thread Library 0.1)
		Or you might be using an experienced browser without support for modern CSS.
		Re: Offtopic: (was Re: [ANNOUNCE] Native POSIX Thread Library 0.1)
	lkml.org /lkml/2002/9/25/129 (268 words)

	NewsForge \| Firebird Relational Database 1.5.1 Final Released
		The NPTL (Native Posix Thread Library) Linux builds referred to in the release notes will be available shortly.
		Changes from previous version: This release adds a charset improvement, allowing use of NONE as a fully transparent charset everywhere.
		Firebird Superserver has a link-time backward compatibility issue with the NPTL (Native POSIX Thread Library) that may cause it to be unstable on Linux distribu tions that enable the NPTL in the GNU C.The new NPTL builds of Superserver should solve these problems."
	www.newsforge.com /newsvac/04/07/19/1521221.shtml (225 words)

	Archive Crawler Wiki: CrawlingPerformance
		Suggestions are various from wait till we get more bandwidth to move the crawl to our Amsterdam location: Designating a set of IPs that are given priority bandwidth access for the crawlers to run on seems best.
		TODO: Learn more on native vs. java stack size and what is allocated in the system and what from the java memory allocation.
		AlreadySeen (The Already Seen set is also known as the Already Included set) looks at alternatives to the one of the main OOME culprits, the in-memory list of already-seen (-included) URLs.
	crawler.archive.org /cgi-bin/wiki.pl?CrawlingPerformance (620 words)

	Linux-Kernel Archive: By Thread
		Re: Offtopic: (was Re: [ANNOUNCE] Native POSIX Thread Library 0.1) Rik van Riel
		Re: 1:1 threading vs. scheduler activations (was: Re: [ANNOUNCE] Native POSIX Thread Library 0.1) Hui
		RE: 1:1 threading vs. scheduler activations (was: Re: [ANNOUNCE] Native POSIX Thread Library 0.1) Perez-Gonzalez, Inaky
	www.ussg.iu.edu /hypermail/linux/kernel/0209.3 (5193 words)

	Linux 2.6 Makes Enterprise Gains
		The 2.6 kernel boasts an improved threading model, which includes support for NPTL (Native POSIX Thread Library).
		NPTL has been known to break compatibility with some applications.
		However, NPTL's compatibility problems had been mitigated at the time Red Hat began shipping NPTL in Red Hat Linux 9 last spring.
	www.eweek.com /article2/0,1759,1545607,00.asp (1301 words)

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