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Topic: Native copper

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	Copper - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Copper was associated with the goddess Aphrodite/Venus in mythology and alchemy, owing to its lustrous beauty, its ancient use in producing mirrors, and its association with Cyprus, which was sacred to the goddess.
		Copper is found in a variety of enzymes, including the copper centers of cytochrome c oxidase, the Cu-Zn containing enzyme superoxide dismutase, and is the central metal in the oxygen carrying pigment hemocyanin.
		Copper doorknobs are used by hospitals to reduce the transfer of disease, and Legionnaire's Disease is supressed by copper tubing in air-conditioning systems.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Copper (1477 words)

	The mineral copper
		Native copper is found only in small quantities throughout the world, but there are a few areas that are rich in findings, such as the Keweenaw Peninsula in Michigan.
		Native Copper was the only source of copper until the turn of the century, when extraction methods were improved.
		Copper is also used in pigments, insecticides, and fungicides, although it has of lately been largely replaced by synthetic chemicals.
	www.minerals.net /mineral/elements/copper/copper.htm (341 words)

	NATIVE - Definition
		Born in the region in which one lives; as, a native inhabitant, race; grown or originating in the region where used or sold; not foreign or imported; as, native oysters, or strawberries.
		Native talent is that which is inborn; natural talent is that which springs from the structure of the mind.
		Native eloquence is the result of strong innate emotion; natural eloquence is opposed to that which is studied or artifical.
	www.hyperdictionary.com /dictionary/native (461 words)

	copperculture
		Large deposits of 99%+ pure native copper are known on the North Shore of Lake Superior, Isle Royale and the Keweenaw Peninsula of Michigan.
		As mentioned earlier, the source of the copper was the north shore of Lake Superior, Isle Royale, and the Keweenaw Peninsula of Michigan, as well as glacial float deposits to the south left by the receding glaciers.
		Unless copper is cast, and no evidence yet exists to demonstrate that the Old Copper Complex possessed the technology to cast copper, it must be cold hammered, which produces brittleness in the copper, or annealed (heated and then worked to prevent brittleness).
	copperculture.homestead.com (3383 words)

	MCRS - MINERALIZATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		A second stage of native copper and subordinate copper sulfide mineralization was synchronous with thrust faulting and interpreted as contemporaneous with late compression of the rift.
		In the Portage Lake Volcanics, native copper and native silver mineralization occurs with secondary minerals (typically K-feldspar, chlorite, calcite, prehnite, epidote, quartz, and calcite) in amygdules, interstices, and replacements in basalt, and as open-space filling in interflow sedimentary layers.
		The timing of native copper mineralization, estimated to be about 1060 Ma (Bornhorst and others, 1988) corresponds to faulting related to the late compression of the rift.
	www.geo.mtu.edu /great_lakes/MCRS/min.html (356 words)

	Da Yoopers Guide to Michigan's Native Copper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Float Copper is found in mass throughout the midwest and was deposited by the glaciers that moved the Copper masses from the Michigan Copper Country.
		Native Copper as an ore mineral is very rare throughout the world, although minor occurences of the mineral are widespread.
		The aggregate form of copper is highly variable and a number of distinctive types have been recognized:.
	www.dayooper.com /NativeCopper.htm (254 words)

	Copper, Silver and Gold
		Copper was the first metal whose ores were mined, and some of the earliest mines have left traces, as in the Sinai peninsula.
		Copper is often described as a "red" metal, though its actual color is an orange-red of lower intensity, not a bright signal red.
		Copper exhibits valences +1 (cuprous) and +2 (cupric), with the +2 predominating.
	www.du.edu /~jcalvert/phys/copper.htm (6874 words)

	Copper I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Much of the copper used by the Native American was "drift copper" — removed from the rocks by the glaciers and dropped randomly in the glacial debris.
		Copper from these mines was widely distributed throughout the country, and it is probable that numerous tribes made summer pilgrimages to the Upper Peninsula to get supplies of the precious metal.
		The copper carried in solution in the water was deposited in cavities and pore spaces in the rocks due to changes in chemistry and/or cooling of the fluids.
	www.geo.msu.edu /geo333/copper.html (1979 words)

	silver.htm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Major silver mineralization is found with native copper in nearby Michigan at the White Pine Mine and further north in the Keweenaw Peninsula.
		Native silver is found sporadically in glacial drift with copper transported from the Michigan deposits.
		RUSK COUNTY: Native silver occurred as sheets along joint surfaces with native copper at the Flambeau Copper Mine, south of Ladysmith.
	www.uwrf.edu /~wc01/silver.htm (323 words)

	Chemical Sciences: Industrial Chemical Processes of Metals: Copper
		Copper is occasionally found as the free metal in nature and is then known as native copper.
		Native copper is available only in small quantity and was more of decorative than of practical use for that reason.
		Effectively, the copper metal served as the reducing agent for the zinc and was in turn reduced to copper again by the charcoal.
	www.psigate.ac.uk /newsite/reference/plambeck/chem2/p02262.htm (1097 words)

	Native Zinc
		Rims of native copper, intergrown with cuprite, developed locally through replacement in situ of djurleite in the course of subsequent oxidation, and now surround masses of hypogene and supergene sulfides.
		Aggregates of ovoid or platy grains of anisotropic, bluish-gray native zinc, not exceeding 15 µm in diameter, are surrounded, successively, by narrow discontinuous rims of an isotropic, pale yellowish-pink Cu, Zn alloy, and by pinkish native copper.
		The α-Cu,Zn areas have the appearance of reaction rims formed by the partial equilibration of the essentially contemporaneous native copper and zinc, but there is no textural evidence for the breakdown of the latter metal.
	www.minsocam.org /MSA/collectors_corner/arc/zinc.htm (680 words)

	Native Trails Copper Canyon Tours Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Copper Canyons, or Las Barrancas del Cobre in Spanish, is a general term referring to a network of five major canyons whose rivers converge to form the Rio El Fuerte.
		The Barranca del Cobre or the Copper Canyon is one of the five.
		Speaking of memorable travel, Native Trails along with German partner Touristik Consulting Bock von Gersum, is proud to join the Baja Ferries team, a first class ferry connecting the Copper Canyons to the wonders of Baja.
	www.nativetrails.com (797 words)

	Cleaning Native Copper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Black coatings on copper are cupric oxide -- tenorite to you mineralogists.
		Green coatings are generally combinations of copper sulfate (brochantite) and copper chloride (atacamite).
		Permission to reproduce and distribute this material, in whole or in part, for non-commercial purposes, is hereby granted provided the sense or meaning of the material is not changed and the author's notice of copyright is retained.
	fgms.home.att.net /copper.htm (439 words)

	Printable Documents
		Copper's symbol on the Periodic Chart of the Elements is Cu, an abbreviation of cuprum.
		Mining and trade were needed to obtain copper and tin, armies were needed to protect the mines and t he shipments of copper and tin, markets were needed for the trade goods, and industry was needed to generate goods to trade for copper.
		This new type of copper ore was found in a type of rock called a "porphyry", a sort of granite with a fine-grained groundmass with large crystals embedded in it.
	www.unr.edu /sb204/geology/coptext.html (9521 words)

	Keweenaw Michigan field trip
		Native copper was the most common ore mineral.
		Native copper completely filled the gas pockets in the tops of lava flows.
		This is a group of branching crystals of native silver and copper (4.5 cm high) from the White Pine Mine.
	www.minsocam.org /MSA/collectors_corner/vft/mi4a.htm (454 words)

	Sculptured Native Copper Information
		Native copper is found in ancient lava flows.
		Nuggets form this deposit carried south by the glacier were scattered across the north-central states and were used by the Native American Indians for the manufacture of copper artifacts.
		This native copper has been melted in a hot furnace and sculpted into these interestingly shaped pieces.
	www.webcom.com /canefan/ancientwisdom/sculpturedcopper.html (214 words)

	CankuOta - Dec 11, 1999 - Float Copper
		There are two areas of the basin where the copper forms veins that were (they are mined out today) visible at the surface.
		Float Copper is a very special form of this native copper.
		The best veins of native copper on the Keweenaw Peninsula are under the waters of Lake Superior.
	www.turtletrack.org /Issues99/Co12111999/CO121199_FloatCopper.htm (923 words)

	History of the Caledonia Copper Mine, Upper Peninsula of Michigan, Guided Collecting Tours (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Caledonia Mine is southwest of the Mass and Adventure Mines within an area of native copper deposits outside of the major deposits of the Keweenaw Peninsula native copper district, some 40 km southwest of a major producer, the Baltic Mine.
		Grade of ore from the Knowlton lode was estimated at 1.45 % copper.
		Bornhorst, T.J., An overview of the Keweenaw Peninsula native copper district, Michigan.
	www.exploringthenorth.com /redmetal/history.html (956 words)

	Copper Beads and Ornaments
		These are copper scrap and off-cuts representing the by-products of trade ornaments produced by the colonists.
		Copper was so valuable to chief Powhatan that he monopolized it, using the commodity as gifts and payments for service of his lesser chiefs.
		The Monacan war was keeping Powhatan from his normal source of native copper, which was traded by Indian groups down the Midwest from the Great Lakes area.
	www.apva.org /exhibit/copper.html (263 words)

	Rock Collecting Tours in the Caledonia Copper Mine, Ontonagon MI, in the Upper Peninsula (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		While the Caledonia native copper mine is operational, the mining is for specimens instead of bulk ore.
		The term "native" as used by mining men is synonymous with "pure", "unadulterated" or "virgin".
		Keweenaw copper was found in a state of such purity that a piece brought from underground could immediately be beaten into pots and pans without smelting or refining.
	www.exploringthenorth.com /redmetal/tours.html (764 words)

	Michigan Native Copper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Michigan's Keweenaw Peninsula is the most important locality in the world for pure native copper.
		In the early 1900's, it led the world in copper production and "Lake Copper" was the purity standard to which other copper was compared.
		We have several flats of this native copper.
	www.greatsouth.net /p-M237.html (89 words)

	Copper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Native copper from AZ Native copper from Michigan.
		A Native Copper sheet from the Ray Mine, AZ Dendritic growth of Copper crystals.
		Copper also forms twisted wires, arborescent forms and may be massive.
	www.gc.maricopa.edu /earthsci/imagearchive/copper.htm (87 words)

	29 Copper
		Aluminum isn't as good a conductor as copper, but it's a lot cheaper and lighter, and for that reason aluminum is quite commonly used for wiring, especially for the thick wires used for the main service entrance for residential and commercial electrical supplies.
		Copper is a good metal for casting: See zinc for more about metal casting.
		Copper, along with other rocks, gravel, and sand were constantly tumbled and deposited over large areas of the Upper Midwestern United States.
	www.theodoregray.com /PeriodicTable/Elements/029 (4005 words)

	[No title]
		The language of the Copper Eskimo belongs to the Eskimo-Aleut family of the American Arctic-Paleosiberian Phylum.
		The Copper Eskimo were adaptable to both land and sea environments; exploitation of one or the other depended on the season of the year.
		Performances, which consisted of the possession of the shaman by the spirit, were marked by the use of magic and sleight of hand tricks.
	lucy.ukc.ac.uk /EthnoAtlas/Hmar/Cult_dir/Culture.7838 (797 words)

	The Making of a Mining District - Keweenaw Native Copper 1500-1870 - David J. Krause
		The Keweenaw Peninsula of northern Michigan is the only place on earth where large amounts of copper are found in the pure metallic "native" state.
		The Making of a Mining District is the first book to fully document how the value of these unique deposits came to be recognized, from the time Europeans first became aware of the native copper shortly after 1500 to the establishment of the region as one of the great copper mining districts of the world.
		"The story of Keweenaw copper is one that should be a strong part of Michigan folklore and tradition.
	wsupress.wayne.edu /glb/up/krausemmd.htm (180 words)

	Mine Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Caledonia Mine was dormant until 1937 when Calumet and Hecla Consolidated Copper Company, the major producer in the Keweenaw Peninsula native copper district, began a program of diamond drilling.
		Grade of ore from the Knowlton lode was estimated at 1.45% copper.
		During this period 2.521 million kg of refined copper was produced at an average grade of 1.24% copper.
	www.red-metal.com /mine.htm (902 words)

	The Keweenaw Agate Shop (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Well, the agate is not really a stone, but a variety of Quartz that is prized as a lapidary material and is categorized as a "mineral." Agates are commonly found on the numerous rocky beaches near Copper Harbor and have been washed and polished by wave action, sand and stones along the waters edge.
		This Datolite has a cauliflower-like surface and ranges in color from white to gray, brown, red, orange, yellow and various pastel shades including green and is valued by collectors for its beauty as a lapidary material.
		Crystals range in size from microscopic to several millimeters and are commonly associated with copper, epidote, prehnite, calcite and quartz.
	www.copperharbor.org /site_files/kew_agate.html (717 words)

	prehnite.htm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		BAYFIELD COUNTY: Prehnite is found in pits and shafts in amygdaloidal basalts at the old Montrose copper prospect near Upper Eau Claire Lake in the NW NW sec.
		Associated minerals are native copper, quartz, calcite, epidote, chlorite and laumontite.
		Associated minerals are native copper, quartz and calcite.
	www.uwrf.edu /~wc01/Prehnite.htm (505 words)

	Gallery of native element mineral specimens: Native Gold, Native Silver, Native Copper, Diamonds, Sulfur, etc.
		Native elements are naturally occurring mineral specimens of pure elements.
		Included in this group are native gold, native silver, native copper, native lead, native arsenic, bismuth, sulfur, platinum, antimony, diamonds, and graphite.
		Native elements are unusual because these elements more commonly combine with other elements to for complex compounds.
	www.johnbetts-fineminerals.com /jhbnyc/native.htm (380 words)

	Copper Casting In Ancient America?
		Describing this copper artifact from an archaeological site in Menominee County, Michigan, Neiburger said it is "a large lump of documented copper" from the 1000 BC Riverside side just north of the Wisconsin state line.
		Also in his article he points out that the Great Lakes native copper deposits were not the result of the cooling of molten lava, but were rather deposited by geologic precipitation about one billion years ago.
		Tests showed that surfaces of these copper artifacts were impregnated with cuprous oxide, and Mallery said this proved that alloying with oxide during melting had occurred, to produce copper artifacts which are harder and more brittle than pure Great Lakes copper.
	www.iwaynet.net /~wdc/copper.htm (3876 words)

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