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	Native - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Native is an adjective meaning "from birth", as in native language, native speaker.
		However, native is also often used to mean "belonging to an ethnic group historically inhabiting that region at the time Western writers became acquainted with the region." In this sense it is synonymous with "indigenous", as in "Native American" or "First Nations".
		Native operation system, native instruction set, etc., in application to a computer processor means that the corresponding item was implemented specifically for the given model of computer, as opposed to, say, emulation or compatibility mode.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Native (389 words)

	NATIVE SPEAKER PROGRAM
		Native Speakers at Albion College are university students in their early twenties (usually between the ages of 20 and 25) from French, Spanish, or German-speaking countries.
		Native Speakers are responsible for their airfare, books, $150 refundable deposit, yearbook fee ($42 in 2003-2004), vacation/ travel expenses in the United States, and personal expenses.
		The Native Speaker is expected to perform satisfactorily in his/her courses to satisfy American immigration regulations and the academic standards of Albion College.
	www.albion.edu /intledu/speakprog.asp (1183 words)

	Native Esperanto speakers - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Native Esperanto speakers (in Esperanto denaskuloj) come to be in families in which Esperanto (and usually other languages) is spoken.
		Esperanto is not the mainstream language in any geographic region, outside of temporary gatherings (such as conventions like the World Congress of Esperanto) and isolated offices (such as the World Esperanto Association's central office in Rotterdam).
		Probably the most famous native speaker of Esperanto is businessman George Soros.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Native_Esperanto_speakers (235 words)

	Who is a native speaker?
		Native speaker competence can be broadly defined as the ability to conform to the set of linguistic and sociolinguistic expectations of a particular speech community.
		A reasonable "rule of thumb" definition of "native speaker" might thus be someone who acquired the language during this critical period; a language acquired later would thus be a second, non-native language, irrespective of the ethnic or speech community the speaker is a nominal member of.
		Alternatives to "language" and "native speaker" such as "speech community" and "member of a speech community" are, as we have seen, equally problematic, since they take their terms of reference from the original offending concepts.
	neptune.spaceports.com /~words/native.html (4774 words)

	English Native Speaker
		The speaker drivers called woofer are used to hit the low frequencies to provide the bass in the speaker.
		Some speakers may only come with one speaker driver which is most of the time a tweeter.
		Woofer is the speaker driver that reproduces the lower frequencies.
	clear-speakers.com /english-native-speaker.html (844 words)

	Penguin Reading Guides \| Native Speaker \| Chang-rae Lee
		When he is assigned to spy on a rising Korean-American politician, his very identity is tested, and he must figure out who he is amid not only the conflicts within himself but also within the ethnic and political tensions of the New York City streets.
		Native Speaker is a story of cultural alienation.
		It is about fathers and sons, about the desire to connect with the world rather than stand apart from it, about loyalty and betrayal, about the alien in all of us and who we finally are.
	www.penguinputnam.com /static/rguides/us/native_speaker.html (1130 words)

	languagehat.com: Comment on NATIVE SPEAKER.
		I consider "native speaker" to be one who speaks a particular language as their first-ever language (allowing for being native in more than one language if both are learned at the same time).
		One other aspect of "native speaker," that might have some bearing is the perception of the speaker as "owning" the language of his or her childhood.
		A native speaker of language L is one who displays no foreign features (accent, vocabulary, syntax, semantics, phraseology)in language L. It follows that there are people who speak no language natively (more than you may think), and that there are people who have more than one native language.
	www.languagehat.com /mt/mt-comments.cgi?entry_id=1591 (9309 words)

	NATIVE SPEAKER AND NON NATIVE SPEAKER COOPERATION
		This article is a report on the way in which native speaker and non-native speaker teachers in our department have cooperated with each other through team teaching.
		The help offered to Slovakia by native speaker (NS) teachers from Western institutions is a positive influence on our country, but at the same time it also has a kind of negative psychological impact on some English language teachers, who find themselves being compared, by their students, to their Western colleagues.
		In many cases only language competence, from which comes the illusion that NS teachers are superior to non-NS teachers, and the resulting disillusionment and discouragement of Slovak teachers of English, who come to believe that they cannot be as good teachers as their counterparts.
	ettc.uwb.edu.pl /strony/ptt/apr95/prciko.html (814 words)

	White Mountain Apache Language Issues
		The next section of this paper is on a project that is also an example of university-native speaker collaboration, although, as a UA doctoral student, I am in the dual positions of being an Apache speaker and a member of the academic community.
		It seemed as if we native people were like "bugs" on a microscopic slide for anthropologists (scientists) to examine and "dissect" into our varied parts: kinship patterns, material subsistence, cultural artifacts, marriage obligations, types of shelter, ceremonial life, and so forth, all of the past, as if we are invisible in contemporary society.
		Speakers of Chinese, Spanish, or other so-called "world languages" have non-speakers who can always find a speech community even into the future that will be available to them if they want to learn their languages, but indigenous languages are unique speech communities.
	jan.ucc.nau.edu /~jar/TIL_12.html (5301 words)

	Lingua Franca English: non-native-/ non-native-speaker discourse
		How does conversation differ from that of native speakers, when non-native interlocutors need to communicate with restricted linguistic resources, and when at the same time they operate in a situation where each one is uncertain about the others' norms and values.
		This relationship between the speakers is deepended and maintained during the core phase of the conversation by the use of gambits and back channels.
		6 A speaker is considered to be communicatively competent, if s/he can form turns, which are (1) grammatically structured, (2) adapted to the linguistic resources available to her, (3) suitable for the circumstances relevant to the conversation and (4) commonly used in the respective situation.
	webdoc.gwdg.de /edoc/ia/eese/artic98/meierk/7_98.html (5927 words)

	Scott Sommers' Taiwan Weblog : Why Native Speaker Teacher Programs Don't Work
		The term "native speaker English teacher program" describes a policy decision made by central governments that results in the use of NSET as a major source of language instruction.
		While there are other educational systems that use native speaker teachers for language instruction, none could be described as a NSETP, since the vast majority of instruction is still provided by local teachers certified to teach in state institutions.
		For example, in France, there are a large number of native speakers employed teaching English, but their numbers pale in comparison to the situation in Taiwan, where according to my estimates, over two-thirds of university students have been taught by a foreign teacher at one time.
	scottsommers.blogs.com /taiwanweblog/2004/10/why_native_spea.html (2003 words)

	Seminar: The Native Speaker in Applied Linguistics
		The native speaker is also expected to exhibit normal control especially in fluent connected speech (though in writing only after long schooling.), and to have command of expected characteristic strategies of performance and of communication.
		A native speaker is also expected to 'know' another native speaker, in part because of an intuitive feel, like for like, but also in part because of a characteristic systematic set of indicators, linguistic, pragmatic and paralinguistic, as well as an assumption of shared cultural knowledge.
		The traditional view is that native speakers have special advantages but that these advantages are not unfair, just given; and in any case it is possible for non-natives working in professions such as language teaching to gain high levels of proficiency and to use their own learner background to deploy particularly relevant pedagogic skills.
	www.arts.ed.ac.uk /celtic/poileasaidh/daviesseminar.html (7884 words)

	native speaker - word definition and usage examples \| Antimoon.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Native speakers of English are people whose first language is English.
		Talking to native speakers is a great way of improving your spoken English.
		Native speakers often don't realize that things they consider "simple" may be very difficult for English learners.
	www.antimoon.com /words/native_speaker-n.htm (90 words)

	Native speaker \| Antimoon Forum
		I can´t be sure, but I suppose one can be a native speaker of a language even if he/she speaks it with some grammatical mistakes or pronunciation disparities to that ´claimed´ native/mother tongue.
		Sure I won't speak it like a native speaker would.I used it only on my first years.Like I said on my first post my English got worn down as a result of un-utilization.My question was more about the offical side of the matter.
		I'm sure that is the case with other nationalities where the native speakers lapse into colloquialisms and idioms but foreigners speak standard forms of language.
	www.antimoon.com /forum/2004/4569.htm (931 words)

	"Le Lien" Going beyond the native speaker SLEC / CDLS
		Native speakers are not always aware of language in a formal sense and not all native speakers are necessarily "fluent" in that they only function well in certain settings.
		The argument that follows is that L2 competence should not be compared to native speaker competence but should be defined in terms of L2 knowledge and skills.
		Although their language may differ from that of native speakers, it should not be judged as better or worse than that of a native speaker.
	www.unb.ca /slec/hot_topics/native_speaker.html (743 words)

	Hawaiian Pidgin
		I write about Pidgin as a 'native' speaker, and not as a linguist.
		Even to call oneself a native speaker of Pidgin does not feel exactly right, because Pidgin is, above all, not a native language.
		The native population having been nearly decimated by the diseases introduced with Western contact, the plantation owners recruited workers from those countries where labor was plentiful and cheap: China, Japan, Korea, Portugal, the Philippines.
	www.logoi.com /notes/pidgin.html (309 words)

	Mystery Guide - Native Speaker by Chang-rae Lee (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		enry Park, the protagonist of Chang-Rae Lee's Native Speaker, is a spy, the employee of a private-sector intelligence agency.
		Native Speaker isn't a spy novel, though, not really.
		Native Speaker complicates, rather than solves, this problem by running it through the meat-grinder of a genre plot.
	www.mysteryguide.com /bkLeeSpeaker.html (514 words)

	LINGUIST List 5.745: Native speaker judgements
		The native speaker who is being asked the question is then obliged to try and invent a context in her/his head, and in doing so may be looking at X from a different point of view from the questioner.
		I found that asking native speakers whether they would use X, Y or Z after the verb in a particular sentence produced very contradictory results because of the lack of context.
		Informal speaker interviews are "mini-experiments" (rather primitive by experimental standards) and it's up to the researcher to interpret speaker responses as "raw" data--always filled with more or less noise (depending on how good the "experiment is controlled) from the performance system.
	www.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de /linguist/issues/5/5-745.html (2915 words)

	SAGE Publications - The Native Speaker (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Native Speaker is a volume of original essays addressing this most fundamental of questions in the contemporary study of language.
		The distinguished contributors focus essentially on the origins of the concepts "native speaker" and also present psycho- and neurolinguistics perspectives in their assessment.
		Several empirically rich case studies form India, Singapore, and Africa are used to illustrate the structure of languages and the politics involved in the "nativization" and "othering" of varieties and dialects of speech.
	www.sagepub.com /book.aspx?pid=7810 (171 words)

	Cuernavaca Mexico Spanish Language Immersion School
		All instructors have college degrees and are native speakers.
		Prior to beginning the six month teacher's training course, applicants are first tested to determine their appropriateness as possible instructors.
		Native Speaker Classes: This language course focuses on teaching individuals who may have learned Spanish in the home, but may not use the language properly.
	www.chac-mool.com /courses.html (935 words)

	Native Speaker \| Asian American Bookview \| GoldSea
		Native Speaker, Chang-Rae Lee's brilliant first novel, follows Park as he reconnects with both.
		As an undercover investigator Park's job is to infiltrate the campaign of John Kwang, a Corean American godfather figure running for a Flushing city council seat.
		She was drawing up idioms in the list, visions of me in the whitest raw light, instant snapshots of the difficult truths native to our time together.
	goldsea.com /Bookview/Fiction/Native/native.html (564 words)

	Native speaker (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		When the Alaska Federation of Natives selected education as the theme for its annual fall gathering, the choice of Bernice Joseph as keynote speaker was an obvious one.
		We know the Anniston resident is a native of England.
		Democratic gubernatorial candidate Chris Bell will be guest speaker at Tuesday's meeting of the Washington County Democratic Club.
	www.infothis.com /find/Native_speaker (246 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Native Speaker (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Chang-rae Lee's Native Speaker is arguably one of the most beautifully written books of the 20th Century.
		Written when Lee was only 28 years old as his MFA thesis project, Native Speaker is a moving and often painful account of the immigrant/1.5 generation's experience in the United States.
		Native Speaker is truly one of those rare books you can pick up at any time, read any page and become instantly absorbed.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/1573225312?v=glance (2727 words)

	languagehat.com: NATIVE SPEAKER.
		He was surprised to find that I defined "native speaker" as someone who learned a language from infancy; for him, it describes competence, not biography.
		I asked him how, then, he would distinguish "native" from "fluent"; he asked me how (without inquiring about biography) I would be able to tell whether someone was or was not a native speaker.
		He said it was a technical linguistic term and should have an operational definition (like me, he is a former linguistics grad student); I said it was an ordinary-language term and did in fact include the biographical component, whether he approved or not.
	www.languagehat.com /archives/001591.php (10401 words)

	Reflections on culture, fluency and the native speaker’s head prompted by the LDELC
		(sic) and "into the head of the native speaker." The definite articles followed by singular noun forms alert the careful reader: there is no place for ambiguity or plurality here.
		The trouble is, it seems, that since non-native speakers of English—such as most English teachers and translators/interpreters—have to make do, like it or not, with heads of their own.
		And then there is the not quite 100% native speaker who may have to consult the DELC on various soap opera characters to satisfy the non-native hunger for "fluency" in English.
	www.translationdirectory.com /article16.htm (3758 words)

	Gotham Gazette -- The Citizen
		In 1995, he wrote his first novel "Native Speaker," about a Korean-American who is also a spy, and the character’s attempt to get the goods on a corrupt Korean-American member of the City Council from Queens.
		It got respectful attention in literary circles when it was published, but it achieved front-page publicity this year with the report that it was one of the two finalists chosen by a group of about 15 librarians, teachers and bookstore owners who wanted to promote a kind of city-wide book club.
		I think part of the reason I’m here today, there’s talk that New York will be reading "Native Speaker" for its "One Book, One City" promotion this fall.
	www.gothamgazette.com /citizen/june02/original-native-speakers.shtml (846 words)

	Biblio: Native Speaker by Lee: Details (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		"Native Speaker is driven by the silence of a Korean family, and its subtext is the tortured ethnicity of the immigrant....Lee carries the silence of Henry Park's family--where silence feels like obstruction--into the heart of his novel.
		The prose he writes is elliptical, riddling, poetic, often beautifully made....Prose like that is the pleasure of Native Speaker and also its problem....Spying seems, after all, like too small a vehicle for ambitions of the kind that Chang-rae Lee rightly harbors." -- Verlyn Klinkenborg
		"Ultimately, 'Native Speaker' is a broad reflection on the fragility of society's primal forces: marriage, blood, race, love.
	www.biblio.com /books/isbnnu/20490521.html (503 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: Native Speaker (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Lee is able to show us Americans - or "Native Speakers" - how it feels to be labeled an outsider and some one that just cannot fit in.
		He carefully reveals through his well written prose the disappointment and shame that can flow through the minds of one that is shunned by the very people they are striving to become.
		This quest for identity becomes a major motif as Henry represents the immigrants living in America struggling to become native speakers.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/156100250X (1310 words)

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