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	Online Encyclopedia and Dictionary - Culture
		Culture is a part of the social system and hierarchically equal to an economic system, political system, or legal system.
		The result was a belief in cultural relativism; the belief that an individual's actions had to be understood in terms of his or her culture; that a specific cultural artifact (e.g.
		Cultural studies developed in the late 20th century in part through the reintroduction of Marxist thought into sociology, and in part through the articulation of sociology and other academic disciplines such as literary criticism.
	www.fact-archive.com /encyclopedia/Culture (2297 words)

	Natufian culture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Natufian culture existed in the Mediterranean region of the Levant.
		The Natufians are likely to have been the ancestors of the builders of the first Neolithic settlements of the region, which may have been the earliest in the world.
		The houses of the Natufian are semi-subterranean, often with a dry-stone foundation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Natufian_culture (1158 words)

	Natufian culture
		The Natufian culture existed in the Mediterranean region of the Levant.
		It was an Epipalaeolithic culture, but unusual in that it established permanent settlements even before the introduction of agriculture.
		The Natufians are likely to have been the ancestors of the first Neolithic settlements of the region, which may have been the earliest in the world.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/na/Natufian_culture.html (300 words)

	Culture
		By the late nineteenth century, anthropologists argued for a broader definition of culture that they could apply to a wide variety of societies, they began to argue that culture is human nature, and is rooted in the universal human capacity to classify experiences, and encode and communicate them symbolically.
		As a rule, archeologists focus on material culture, and cultural anthropologists focus on symbolic culture, although ultimately both groups are interested in the relationship between these two dimensions.
		Cultural studies developed in the late 20th century, in part through the reintroduction of Marxist thought in sociology, and in part through the articulation of sociology and other academic disciplines such as literary criticism, in order to focus on the analysis of subcultures in capitalist societies.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/cu/Cultural.html (777 words)

	Culture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		There resulted a belief in cultural relativism; the belief that one had to understand an individual's actions in terms of his or her culture; that one had to understand a specific cultural artifact (a ritual, for example) in terms of the larger symbolic system of which it forms a part.
		Modern cultural theory also considers the possibility that (a) culture itself is a product of stabilization tendencies inherent in evolutionary pressures toward self-similarity and self-cognition of societies as wholes, or tribalisms.
		Cultural studies developed in the late 20th century, in part through the re-introduction of Marxist thought into sociology, and in part through the articulation of sociology and other academic disciplines such as literary criticism.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Culture (2894 words)

	EpiPalaeolithic (European Mesolithic) Natufian Culture of Israel
		The Natufian culture occupies a special place in the evolution of human societies in the Near East, namely, that of the threshold to the emergence of farming communities.
		The idea that the Natufians were the earliest farmers is as old as the original discovery of the cultural remains by Garrod.
		The Natufian in the Levant - Anna Belfer-Cohen 1991
	ancientneareast.tripod.com /Natufian_Culture.html (269 words)

	Wikinfo \| Natufian culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Natufians are likely to have been the ancestors of the builders of the first Neolithic settlements of the region, which may have been the earliest in the world.
		The Natufian culture was also among the first to domesticate dogs.
		There are both single and multiple burials, especially in the early Natufian, and scattered human remains in the settlements that point to disturbed earlier graves.
	www.internet-encyclopedia.org /wiki.php?title=Natufian_culture (937 words)

	Natufian culture: Encyclopedia topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Natufian culture existed in the Mediterranean (Mediterranean: The largest inland sea; between Europe and Africa and Asia) region of the Levant (Levant: The former name for the geographical area of the eastern Mediterranean that is now occupied by Lebanon and Syria and Israel).
		The Natufians are likely to have been the ancestors of the builders of the first Neolithic (Neolithic: Latest part of the Stone Age beginning about 10,000 BC in the middle east (but later elsewhere)) settlements of the region, which may have been the earliest in the world.
		The Natufian culture was also among the first to domesticate (domesticate: more facts about this subject) dog (dog: A member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds) s.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/natufian_culture (1444 words)

	[No title]
		The Natufian Culture in the eastern Mediterranean is presented as a special Neolithic Culture with the presence of agriculture and some domestic animals but without pottery.
		Natufian Culture Alexeev continues: the Natufian Culture is located in the eastern Mediterranean in Lebanon and Israel.
		The Tripolie Culture exists from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age from the Soviet Union to the west coast of the Sea of Azov.
	www.drummingnet.com /alekseev/Lecture7.doc (2268 words)

	Variability and Homogeneity Among the Natufian: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Natufian culture is of particular interest to archeologists in the Near East because they appear to have lived during the threshold phase that led to the emergence of agriculture (Bar-Yosef 1998).
		This time-span roughly corresponds with the emergence of the Natufian culture.
		The advantage of using hierarchical cluster analysis in the case of the Natufian culture is that there is control of material culture at the level of systematics and that this control can include a temporal component.
	individual.utoronto.ca /archaeo_parslow/PROPOSAL.htm (5314 words)

	Natufian: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Natufian period (12,800-10,500 B.P.) was the threshold...diverge on whether late preagrarian (Natufian) plant diets were generalized or specialized...sickle harvesting of unripe cereals in the Natufian and PPNA and ripe stands in the Pre-Pottery...
		The Natufian sequence in the Levant is the best-studied...reversed these trends during the Late Natufian (e.g., Goring-Morris and Belfer-Cohen...Moore and Hillman (1992) argue that Late Natufian sedentary hunter-gatherers probably undertook...
		Natufian culture was established in the region by 10,000 BC and was a parent of civilisations to follow.
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/natufian.jsp?l=N&p=1 (761 words)

	Culture information - Search.com
		The word culture, from the Latin colo, -ere, with its root meaning "to cultivate", generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activity significance.
		Arnold, 1882 In practice, culture referred to élite goods and activities such as haute cuisine, high fashion or haute couture, museum-caliber art and classical music, and the word cultured described people who knew about, and took part in, these activities.
		Cultural invention has come to mean any innovation that is new and found to be useful to a group of people and expressed in their behaviour but which does not exist as a physical object.
	webshots.search.com /reference/Culture (2481 words)

	Natufian culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In the late Natufien, the Harif-point, a typical arrow-head made from a regular blade, became common in the Negev.
		O. Bar-Yosef/F. Valla (eds.), The Natoufian culture in the Levant (Ann Arbor 1991).
		V. Campana/P. Crabtree, Communal hunting in the Natufian of the Southern Levant: The social and economic implications.
	bidprobe.com /en/wikipedia/n/na/natufian_culture.html (880 words)

	For other uses of culture see Culture disambiguation Culture disambiguation ...
		They began to argue that culture "is" human nature, and that culture has its roots in the universal human capacity to classify experiences, and encode and communicate them symbol symbolically.
		As a rule, archeologists archeologists focus on material culture, and cultural anthropologists cultural anthropologists focus on symbolic culture, although ultimately both groups maintain interests in the relationship between these two dimensions.
		Cultural studies Cultural studies developed in the late 20th century, in part through the reintroduction of Marxist Marxist thought into sociology sociology, and in part through the articulation of sociology sociology and other academic disciplines such as literary criticism literary criticism, in order to focus on the analysis of subcultures in capitalist capitalist societies.
	www.biodatabase.de /culture (1001 words)

	Mesolithic period. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		This variety may be the result of adaptations to changed ecological conditions associated with the retreat of glaciers, the growth of forests in Europe and deserts in N Africa, and the disappearance of the large game of the Ice Age.
		The Azilian culture, which was centered in the Pyrenees region but spread to Switzerland, Belgium, and Scotland, was one of the earliest representatives of Mesolithic culture in Europe.
		The Mesolithic period in other areas is represented by the Natufian in the Middle East, the Badarian and Gerzean in Egypt, and the Capsian in N Africa.
	www.bartleby.com /65/me/Mesolith.html (451 words)

	Other fossils - Cretaceous (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		It began generally with the end of the last glacial period over 10,000 years ago, although the transition to Neolithic cultures was a gradual process; this change involved the domestication of plants and animals and the formation of settled communities at various times and places.
		This variety may be the result of adaptations to changed ecological and environmental conditions associated with the retreat of glaciers, the growth of forests in Europe and deserts in N Africa, and the disappearance of the large game of the Ice Age.
		The Azilian culture, which was centered in the Pyrenees region but spread to Switzerland, Belgium, and Scotland, was one of the earliest representatives of Mesolithic cultures in Europe.
	www.neovenator.org /Mesolithic.htm (382 words)

	biblio
		Belfer-Cohen, A. Rethinking Social Straitification in the Natufian Culture: The Evidence from Burials.
		Garrard, A. Natufian Settlement in the Azraq Basin, Eastern Jordan.
		Henry, D.O. 1991 Foraging, Sedentism, and Adaptive Vigor in the Natufian: Rethinking the Linkages.
	www.geocities.com /levent_atici/biblio.html (7980 words)

	Culture - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site
		They also showed some reluctance to using biological evolution to explain differences between specific cultures -- an approach that either was a form of, or legitimized forms of, racism.
		There resulted a belief in cultural relativism; the belief that one had to understand an individual's actions in terms of his or her culture; that one had to understand a specific cultural artifact (e.g.
		In the case of larger societies, in which people undergo further categorization by region, race, ethnicity, and class, anthropoligists came to believe that members of the same society often had highly contrasting values and conventions.
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=6418 (2424 words)

	Natufian culture -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		The Paleolithic Period (Old Stone Age) in Palestine was first fully examined by the British archaeologist Dorothy Garrod in her excavations of caves on the slopes of Mount Carmel in 1929–34.
		The finds showed that at that stage Palestine was culturally linked with Europe, and human remains were recovered showing that the inhabitants were of the same group as the...
		The ancient Greeks cultured oysters in Rome and Gaul.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9055039 (901 words)

	Culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Theorists like Matthew Arnold (1822-1888) or the Leavises regard culture as simply the result of "the best that has been thought and said in the worldâ (Arnold, 1960: 6), thus labeling anything that doesn't fit into this category as chaos or anarchy.
		culture being a pursuit of our total perfection by means of getting to know, on all the matters which most concern us, the best which has been thought and said in the world".
		Cultures, by predisposition, both embrace and resist [[change]dependence of culture traits.
	abcworld.net /culture.html (2716 words)

	The Carmel Caves: Dwellings of Prehistoric Man
		Tools typical of this culture are elongated points, flakes of various shapes used as scrapers, end scrapers and many denticulate tools used for cutting and sawing.
		Important finds from this cave are of the Natufian culture (10,500 to 8,500 BCE), a highly developed culture relative to those preceding it.
		It signals the transition from the Paleolithic to the Neolithic cultures, from plant-gathering and animal-hunting to plant-growing and animal-domestication.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/Archaeology/carmel.html (1097 words)

	EUROPEAN HISTORY 9000 - 5001 B.C.
		The Basque culture settled into Britain and appeared to have mingled with the Beaker Culture by 5,000 B.C. Sheep is domesticated at Zawi Chemi Shanidar, Iraq at this time.
		The Natufian culture of the Palestine region suggests agriculture and fishing dominates.
		This cultural tool kit lasted to about 5,000 B.C. Spain is occupied by the Iberian Capsin culture and France by the early Tardendsain (Tardenoisian) culture.
	www3.telus.net /public/dgarneau/euro4.htm (2965 words)

	Natufian - Research the news about Natufian - from HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In B or not in B: a reappraisal of the Natufian burials at Shukbah Cave, Judaea, Palestine.
		The Natufian period (12,800-10,500 B.P.) was the threshold...
		The Natufian sequence in the Levant is the best-studied...
	www.highbeam.com /library/search.asp?FN=SS&search_newspapers=on&search_magazines=on&q=Natufian&refid=ency_botnm (1142 words)

	History of Agriculture - Crystalinks
		It is clear that farming was invented at least twice, probably more often: once in the Fertile Crescent (some say by the Natufian culture, others say by the Sumerians), once in East Asia (rice), and once in Central America (maize, squash).
		Limited anthropological and archaeological evidence both indicate a grain-grinding culture farming along the Nile in the 10th millennium BC using the world's earliest known type of sickle blades.
		8,500 BC, in middle-Eastern cultures referred to as Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB), where there is the first definite evidence for the emergence of a widespread subsistence economy that was dependent on domesticated plants and animals.
	www.crystalinks.com /agriculturehistory.html (1062 words)

	An anomalous Cro-Magnon Site
		Therefore, I consider this culture anomalous to the other Atlantean remains for two reasons: (1) its "eastern" location in respect to the usual western orientation which we have been observing, and (2) the lack of any evidence of a linguistic connection.
		The Natufian culture was considerably advanced for a Mesolithic culture, and most anthropologists believe it was among them that the domestication of animals and agriculture began--although I have shown elsewhere that both were practised earlier by the Cro-Magnon people.
		Even though cultural scientists have not been able to discover what kind of ships they may have had, one must assume some form of sea navigation enabling the armies of the island of Atlantis to impinge on the established cultures of mainland Europe and Africa (see my Discoveries in America page).
	www.atlantisquest.com /Outpost.html (1556 words)

	Mugharet El-Wad (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The most significant finds, however, belong to the Natufian Culture of approximately 10,500 to 8,500 years ago (after the retreat of the last glaciation).
		This was a highly developed culture that made the transition from a Paleolithic to a Neolithic culture and transformed from a hunter-gatherer life-style to one of plant cultivation and animal domestication.
		She was a pre-historian at Cambridge University, who was responsible for a large number of excavations in Palestine from 1928 to 1934, under the direction of the British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem and the American School of Prehistoric Research.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/archaeology/sites/middle_east/mugharetel.html (377 words)

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