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Topic: Natural experiment

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	Experiment - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In many laboratory experiments it is good practice to have several replicate samples for the test being performed and have both a positive control and a negative control.
		In human experiments, a subject (person) may be given a stimulus to which he or she should respond.
		The goal of the experiment is to measure the response to a given stimulus.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Experiment (2106 words)

	A Bird Flu Reassortment Experiment Under Natural Conditions
		A second set of experiments which infect the same cell with H5N1 and a human virus is more "natural", but many combinations of reassortants and recombinants are theoretically possible.
		"experiment" uses WSN/33 as the human virus and a series of related H9N2 Korean viruses as the avian source.
		Thus the "natural" experiments show that many combinations are possible involving reshuffling of whole genes (reassortment) and creation of new genes (recombination).
	www.recombinomics.com /News/01260502/Reassortment_Experiment.html (646 words)

	New Physicians: A Natural Experiment in Market Organization
		He therefore approaches one of the good students in the next year's class, before the formal match, and suggests that they agree to be matched, which they will accomplish by ranking one another first in the formal match (22).
		Centralized markets present a natural place to begin an empirical investigation concerned with rules, because important parts of the rules are formally codified, and can therefore be observed with precision.
		But a natural direction in which to extend this research is to decentralized entry level labor markets, some of which exhibit the kinds of failures which can now be interpreted as symptoms of instabilities, and others which do not.
	kuznets.fas.harvard.edu /~aroth/science.html (5515 words)

	ANU - CRES - Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies
		The Nanangroe Natural Experiment is a longitudinal (long time frame) experiment which will allow the direct study of changes in fauna inhabiting woodland remnants as the surrounding grazed landscape is transformed into a radiata pine plantation.
		The Nanangroe experiment, funded by RIRDC focuses on a grazed woodland landscape near Jugiong in south-eastern New South Wales, approximately 15km from the boundary of the Tumut study area.
		All sites within the Nanangroe Natural Experiment will be sampled at regular intervals over the next 10 or more years to allow the direct study of change in species occurrence and community composition.
	cres.anu.edu.au /dbl/nanangroestudy.php (587 words)

	Natural experiment - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A natural experiment is a naturally occurring instance of observable phenomena which approach or duplicate a scientific experiment.
		A example of a natural experiment occurred in Helena, Montana during the period from June 2002 to December 2002 when a smoking ban was in effect in all public spaces in Helena including bars and restaurants.
		Helena is geographically isolated and served by only one hospital.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Natural_experiment (109 words)

	A Natural Experiment: Florida's Election-day and Absentee Voters in 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Because that format was not used for absentee ballots, the election gives us a natural experiment: one group of PBC voters (election day) used a butterfly ballot but a second group (absentee) did not.
		A limitation of this natural experiment is that the mechanism that allocates voters to either the election-day pool or the absentee pool is not random assignment (
		The results of the election-day versus absentee ballot natural experiment strongly support the conclusion that Buchanan's anomalous support was caused by the butterfly ballot.
	elections.fas.harvard.edu /wssmh/node5.html (953 words)

	Books : The Impact of Television : A Natural Experiment in Three Communities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		This book describes the results of a large research project based on an unusual opportunity to address these kinds of issues--a natural experiment involving a non-isolated Canadian town which did not obtain TV reception until late 1973.
		Our goal is to use this natural experiment to understand the processes involved in television's influence and the complexities of relationships between TV and human behavior.
		The effects of television are of interest to people in many fields, so we have tried to use as little jargon as possible and present the results in such a way that motivated parents, educators, policy makers, advertisers, and people in the television industry find this book readable.
	www.arabiadirectory.com /0127562915/The_Impact_of_Television__A_Natural_Experiment_in_Three_Communities.shtml (570 words)

	Natural History: Experiment of the month - Samplings
		Experiments with people as well as with laboratory animals continually demonstrate that rapid growth leads to early death.
		The pens encompassed the skinks' natural habitat, and the baby animals were individually marked and given plenty of extra worms to eat.
		Four times during the first three months of their lives, the little reptiles were caught and weighed to establish their growth rate.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1134/is_2_112/ai_98254954 (405 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		Methods of calculating the Snell Experiment'' (the exponential experiment in natural uranium) are examined.
		The effect of spatial transients upon measured quantities is studied and it is found that experiments have not been done in a large enough mass of uranium to achieve an asymptotic neutron distribution.
		It is shown that the use of recent cross section data improves the agreement between theory and experiment.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=4627628 (220 words)

	American Journal of Agricultural Economics : Endowments, technology, and factor markets: a natural experiment of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Current Article: Endowments, technology, and factor markets: a natural experiment of induced institutional innovation from China's rural reform.
		Start / A / American Journal of Agricultural Economics / May 01, 1995 / Endowments, technology, and factor markets: a natural experiment of induced institutional innovation from China's rural reform.
		Endowments, technology, and factor markets: a natural experiment of induced institutional innovation from China's rural reform.
	static.highbeam.com /a/americanjournalofagriculturaleconomics/may011995/endowmentstechnologyandfactormarketsanaturalexperi/index.html (276 words)

	Keeping It Natural Experiment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Most aquatic life depends on water that has a pH range between 5 and 9, and water with a pH outside that range is unable to sustain life.
		For example, since rainwater tends to be slightly acidic, when rainfall accumulates in natural water systems it causes some acidification.
		Rainfall that percolates through dense forest litter and bogs also has a tendency to be more acidic due to the interaction of rainwater with the organic material.
	pasco.com /planet/cr2_exper/natural.html (452 words)

	Experiment 2: Natural skin tracking (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The natural hand color tracking method maintained a 10 frame per second rate at 320x240 pixel resolution on a 200MHz SGI Indy.
		Due to the subject's increased familiarity with ASL from the first experiment, the 500 sentences were obtained in a much shorter span of time and in fewer sessions.
		In the first experiment an eight-element feature vector (each hand's x and y position, angle of axis of least inertia, and eccentricity of bounding ellipse) was found to be sufficient.
	web.media.mit.edu /~testarne/asl/asl-tr375/node11.html (322 words)

	EconLog, A Natural Experiment in Foreign Aid (4-08-02): Library of Economics and Liberty
		"Natural experiment" is a vogue term among academic economists.
		It means a phenomenon that occurred accidentally but which has the effect of creating something like a controlled scientific experiment.
		John Weidner does not use the term, but in a very insightful post he describes the abundance of oil wealth in Arab countries as a natural experiment in foreign aid.
	econlog.econlib.org /GQE/gqe148.html (294 words)

	EconPapers: Teenage Childbearing and Its Life Cycle Consequences: Exploiting a Natural Experiment
		Abstract: In this paper, we exploit a "natural experiment" associated with human reproduction to identify the effect of teen childbearing on subsequent educational attainment, family structure, labor market outcomes, and financial self-sufficiency.
		Exploiting this natural experiment, we devise an Instrumental Variables (IV) estimators for the consequences of teen mothers not delaying their childbearing, using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1979 (NLSY79).
		While teen mothers are very likely to live in poverty and experience other forms of adversity, our results imply that little of this would be changed just by getting teen mothers to delay their childbearing into adulthood.
	econpapers.repec.org /paper/wopjopovw/157.htm (501 words)

	The Origins of Agriculture as a Natural Experiment in Cultural Evolution
		Natural selection is a rapid process on the geological time scale, so most of what paleontologists see is organic evolution tightly tracking environmental change caused by geological processes.
		The natural time scale of demographic processes is far too short to explain the long period of low population density in the Pleistocene followed by a rather sudden, widespread interest in intensification of subsistence in a narrow, rather recent, time horizon.
		The diversity of trajectories taken by the various regional human sub-populations since 11,600 B.P. are natural experiments that reveal the internal limitations on the rate of cultural evolution.
	www.des.ucdavis.edu /faculty/Richerson/Origins_Ag_IV3.htm (15957 words)

	A Natural Experiment 9/96 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The study is noteworthy for the United States in that the conditions of this "natural experiment" eliminate variables with which researchers have had difficulty in recent attempts to measure the student grant effect.
		This natural experiment offers an exceptionally good opportunity to study the effects of grants both in the aggregate and by the social grouping of students' parents.
		The fact that the natural experiment took place in the absence of both tuition and other grant programs eliminates the need to control for such factors.
	users.aol.com /joberg/grantsvsloans.html (3627 words)

	The University of Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station
		The efficiency of applying nitrogen through irrigation water and nitrogen's role in TSNA levels in the leaf are among the topics to be discussed at the upcoming University of Tennessee Tobacco Field Day on Thursday, July 7, from 7 a.m.
		CDT at the Highland Rim Experiment Station in Springfield.
		The Highland Rim Experiment Station is one of 11 branch research units in the Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station system.
	highlandrim.tennessee.edu /events (294 words)

	EXPERIMENT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Here is the experiment that I tried: Get a bottle of flax seed oil that is produced with organic flax seeds, and pressed with the Omegaflo or similar process that protects the oil from oxygen and light.
		After you take this oil-protein combination for a day or two, try to get in the sun for at least a half hour or an hour a day and you will feel such a healing effect from the sun that you will be amazed.
		The above mentioned experiment is based on sound scientific principles and since they are natural foods which belong in anyone's diet, they are perfectly safe to take.
	www.lightsv.org /expermnt.htm (542 words)

	The University of Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The University of Tennessee' Knoxville Experiment Station (KES) bred and raised 2 Holstein cows that are currently listed in the Top 50 Holstein cows in the U.S. for productive life in the milking herd.
		The KES is one of 11 branch stations located across the state, as a part of the Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station.
		UT dairy herds and progressive dairy research programs are also in place at the Dairy Experiment Station in Lewisburg and at the Middle Tennessee Experiment Station in Spring Hill.
	knoxville.tennessee.edu /dairy (273 words)

	Introduction to the Krakatau Research Programme - Biodiversity Research Group (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		A natural experiment in island recolonization and succession in a rain forest environment
		"All other associations in the Krakatau islands are of a temporary nature: they change or are crowded out." While the coastal systems are similar to those of other locations in the region, those currently recognized from the interior lack documented regional analogues of which we are aware.
		The interior forests of the Krakatau islands continue to gain new species of higher plants, and the balance of species in the canopy is undoubtedly in a state of flux, with strong directional shifts in the importance of particular species being evident over the period between 1979 and 1997.
	www.geog.ox.ac.uk /research/bie/krakatau/intro.html (1934 words)

	The Birth and Death of Russell Lake, Alaska Science Forum
		When we heard of the damming, our first priority was to start recording the water level rise as quickly as possible.
		Our plan was to use measurements of water level rise over time to obtain a runoff record from a region that had no stream gauges.
		Scientists are keeping a close eye on Russell Fjord and are ready to spring into action again when Mother Nature performs another "experiment".
	www.gi.alaska.edu /ScienceForum/ASF8/832.html (636 words)

	eMJA: Paracetamol recall: a natural experiment influencing analgesic poisoning
		Analysis of the natural experiment investigated by Balit and colleagues3 does not, however, provide useful insights into the impact of paracetamol sales restrictions.
		Their most consistent finding was that, despite restricted availability for the period studied, paracetamol accounted for about 10% of all contacts with the two poisons information centres in both time periods.
		Paracetamol recall: a natural experiment influencing analgesic poisoning.
	www.mja.com.au /public/issues/176_11_030602/gun_030602.html (1359 words)

	A Natural Experiment in the Organization of Entry Level Labor Markets: Regional Markets for New Physicians and Surgeons ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The natural experiment arises because these markets are organized differently in different regions of the National Health Service.
		The experience in Birmingham was similar, but there the centralized procedure, which was initiated in 1966 for a limited group of hospitals, failed after a few years, was resumed on a larger scale in 1971, failed once more, was restarted again around 1978, and was finally abandoned again around 1981.
		Still, the experience of the various centralized matching schemes considered here allows us to reject two very different hypotheses about matching markets generally, that might have been formed on the basis of the evidence of the American market.
	kuznets.fas.harvard.edu /~aroth/brithosp.html (12420 words)

	An Experiment in Natural LInking vs SEO \| Threadwatch.org
		As a natural result of operating in a link driven search landscape we may actually forget what a natural link looks like.
		The power of blogs is undisputed, well optimized forums continue to bring in 100's of K's worth of highly specific phrases and the idea of encapsulating and converting communication to content, call this communicontent, is a fast spreading concept in the world of mobile communications even.
		For me, this is an interesting experiment in natural linking, word of mouth, the power of community and whether or not I have the stamina to maintain threadwatch's fast pace hehe!
	www.threadwatch.org /node/301 (747 words)

	Public Transit and the Spatial Distribution of Minority Employment: Evidence from a Natural Experiment
		We evaluate this natural experiment by conducting a two-wave longitudinal survey of firms, with the first wave of interviews immediately prior to the opening of service and the second wave approximately a year later.
		We compare within-firm changes in the propensity to hire minority workers for firms located near the station to those located further away, and we also estimate the effect of employer distance to the new stations on changes in propensity to hire minorities.
		Harry J. Holzer, John M. Quigley, and Steven Raphael, "Public Transit and the Spatial Distribution of Minority Employment: Evidence from a Natural Experiment" (June 1, 2001).
	repositories.cdlib.org /iber/bphup/working_papers/W01-002 (232 words)

	SSRN-Parental Education and Child's Education: A Natural Experiment by Arnaud Chevalier
		In order to answer this dilemma, this paper identifies the effect of parental education on their offspring's schooling attainment using a discontinuity in the parental educational attainment.
		Contrary to recent evidence, we find a positive effect of both parents education on their children's schooling achievements when focusing on natural parents only.
		The estimates are robust to the introduction of additional controls for income, labour force participation, fertility and neighbourhood quality, indicating that the effect of parental education is direct.
	papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=553922 (354 words)

	A Natural Experiment: Election day and Absentee Voters in 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Since the 2000 absentee presidential ballot in Palm Beach County was not a butterfly ballot, we can make use of a natural experiment: one group of Palm Beach County voters (election day) used a butterfly ballot but a second group (absentee) did not.
		A limitation of this natural experiment is that the selection mechanism which allocates voters to either the election day pool or the absentee pool is not truly random.
		Absentee voters in Florida are generally thought to be more politically conservative than election day voters, and this means that the natural experiment which fosters a comparison of election day and absentee ballots may be biased.
	elections.fas.harvard.edu /pc01/node7.html (512 words)

	Metrick (1995) A Natural Experiment in "Jeopardy!" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		This paper uses the television game show 'Jeopardy!' as a natural experiment to analyze behavior under uncertainty and the ability of players to choose strategic best-responses.
		The results suggest that, while most players bet in a rational manner, the failure rate for choosing best-responses increases as the betting problem grows more complex and that players' choices are affected by the 'frame' of the problem.
		The data also allow for estimation of the extent of risk aversion; the results imply near risk-neutrality.
	www.getcited.org /pub/103357148 (95 words)

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