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Topic: Natural philosopher

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	MSN Encarta - Search View - Philosophy
		The truths of natural science and philosophy are discovered by reasoning from facts of experience, whereas the tenets of revealed religion, the doctrine of the Trinity, the creation of the world, and other articles of Christian dogma are beyond rational comprehension, although not inconsistent with reason, and must be accepted on faith.
		Natural science at this time was striding ahead, relying on sense perception as well as reason, and thereby discovering the universal laws of nature and physics.
		Derrida originated the philosophical method of deconstruction, a system of analysis that assumes a text has no single, fixed meaning, both because of the inadequacy of language to express the author’s original intention and because a reader’s understanding of the text is culturally conditioned—that is, influenced by the culture in which the reader lives.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761574677__1/Philosophy.html (14224 words)

	20th WCP: The Enlightenment and the Electric Battery
		One is the story of natural philosophy, a second is the story of artifacts like the battery, and the third is the story of the loose, long-term values used to assess achievement and reward within and outside expert communities.
		An analysis of the three plots reveals that late eighteenth-century natural philosophers, despite their frequent celebration of 'useful knowledge,' were not fully prepared to accept the philosophical dignity of artifacts stemming from laboratory practice.
		Volta and his fellow late 18th-century natural philosophers were not fully prepared to accept the "cultural dignity" of artifacts like the battery, that seemed to stem from laboratory and demonstration practice rather than from a convincing set of principles rooted in natural philosophy.
	www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/Tech/TechPanc.htm (2542 words)

	Thales Securities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		610-545 B.C.).Greek astronomer and philosopher, pupil of Thales.
		The portrait of the philosopher in the Theaetetus
		that the portrait of the philosopher in the Theætetus you are...
	www.thalessecurities.com /1/philosopher-thales.html (549 words)

	Social Philosophers and Commentators
		English empiricist philosopher and originator of the modern "positivist" view of science, as opposed to the Aristotlean approach to knowledge of the Scholastics.
		English philosopher, his 1656 tract advocated the setting up of a state run by the landed aristocracy, albeit with a written constitution and restrictions on amount of land-holdings to balance the power.
		Conceived of the concepts of "social laws" and a natural "social equilibrium" as the balance of opposing forces, that were later taken up by the Physiocrats.
	cepa.newschool.edu /het/schools/optimist.htm (369 words)

	Establishing the Subject Matter of Metaphysics
		A philosopher of nature can come to know of the positively immaterial if, by investigating the human soul and the nature of understanding, she can demonstrate that the principle of human life, i.e.
		Likewise, the natural philosopher is able make an intelligible claim about the existence of a positively immaterial subsistent thing if and only if he can, for example, by the reasoning proper to his science, make a true predication that the substance which is the First Mover is not material.
		The philosopher of nature can come to know the existence of a positively immaterial subsistent things if, and only if, he can, by the reasoning proper to his science, make a true predication of such a kind that commits him, on the one hand, to denying of a hypothetical subject predicates that characterize material things.
	members.aol.com /jmageema/smom.html (1210 words)

	Encyclopedia [Definition] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In its present form the natural History consists of thirty-seven books, the first book including a characteristic preface and tables of contents, as well as lists of authorities, which were originally prefixed to each of the books separately.
		They are typically produced by optical devices—such as a cameras, mirrors, lenses, telescopes, microscopes, etc. and natural objects and phenomena, such as the human eye or water surfaces....
		The encyclopedia's hierarchical structure and evolving nature is particularly adaptable to a diskA disk or disc is anything that resembles a flattened cylinder in shape.
	www.wikimirror.com /encyclopedia (13785 words)

	Encyclopedia: Natural philosopher (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Natural philosophy is a term applied to the objective study of nature and the physical universe before the development of modern science.
		At older universities, long-established Chairs of Natural Philosophy are nowadays occupied mainly by professors of physics.
		This book, written in 1686, marks the point where the scene is set for natural philosophy to turn into science.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Natural-philosopher (158 words)

	DOLHENTY ARCHIVE: John Locke, Philosopher of Liberty
		The defect of the state of nature lies merely in the fact that is has no organization to give effect to the rules of right, such as judges, written laws, and fixed penalties.
		Once Locke had described the state of nature as a condition of peace and mutual aid and having defined natural rights as prior even to society, he then went on to derive civil society from the consent of its members.
		He was an important philosophical force in the promotion of classic liberal ideals and Americans who are still believers in the right to life, liberty, and private property owe him a debt of thanks for providing no small justification for the inalienability of these rights.
	radicalacademy.com /lockebio.htm (1665 words)

	Natural philosophy and natural science (from Aristotle) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Some bridges, such as the Natural Bridge near Lexington, Va., are formed by the collapse of a cavern's roof that may leave remnant portions as bridges.
		As recently as the early 19th century, natural philosopher was a term...
		Natural gas is a mixture of flammable gases, mainly the hydrocarbons methane and ethane, that occurs beneath the surface of the Earth.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-33181?tocId=33181 (900 words)

	ninemsn Encarta - Faraday, Michael
		Faraday, Michael (1791-1867), English natural philosopher, whose work crucially altered the practice and application of science.
		In 1821 he made his confession of faith and married a fellow Sandemanian; he was a deacon in the Church (1830-1840) and later an elder (1840-1844, 1860-1864).
		In many ways Faraday’s science can be viewed as his seeking after the laws of nature, which he believed that God had written into the universe at the Creation.
	au.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761577227/Faraday_Michael.html (921 words)

	Encyclopedia: List of polymaths (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Aristotle, a philosopher, physicist, poet, zoologist, and biologist
		Cornelius Agrippa, as portrayed in Libri tres de occulta philosophia Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim (born of noble birth in Cologne September 14, 1486, died in Grenoble February 18, 1535) was a magician and occult writer, astrologer, and alchemist.
		William James Sidis, mathematician, philosopher, collector of subway tokens (this is not satire, he was apparently an incredibly knowledgeable collector of subway tokens)
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/List-of-polymaths (6771 words)

	Fides Quaerens Intellectum: The Anal Philosopher's Challenge: Natural Evil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Anal Philosopher has asked theists how they can maintain their faith when natural evils, like the tsunami disaster, occurs.
		In middle earth, of course, the problem of natural evil is more sharp for the loss of elves who would have possessed eternal life.
		Third, natural evil could be the consequent of supernatural evil agents.
	blog.johndepoe.com /2005/01/anal-philosophers-challenge-natural.html (1129 words)

	ROBERT BOYLE - LoveToKnow Article on ROBERT BOYLE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		(1627-1691), English natural philosopher, seventh son and fourteenth child of Richard Boyle, the great earl of Cork, was born at Lismore Castle, in the province of Munster, Ireland, on the 25th of January 1627.
		In 1663 the Invisible College became the Royal Society of London for improving natural knowledge, and the charter of incorporation granted by Charles II.
		About 1689 his health, never very strong, began to fail seriously and he gradually withdrew from his public engagements, ceasing his communications to the Royal Society, and advertising his desire to be excused from receiving guests, unless upon occasions very extraordinary, on Tuesday and Friday forenoon, and Wednesday and Saturday afternoon.
	63.1911encyclopedia.org /B/BO/BOYLE_ROBERT.htm (1027 words)

	International Catholic University: 20.07
		Contrast the modern chemist's explanation of chemical combination with that of the natural philosopher.
		Contrast the modern physicist's explanation of radioactivity with that of the natural philosopher.
		359-363, 406-409 on Newton on the nature and cause of gravity.
	home.comcast.net /~icuweb/c02007.htm (517 words)

	Index of Ancient Greek Scientists
		According to him, the rainbow is a natural phenomenon, rather than the work of a god.
		Founder of a philosophical school where atoms are fundamental parts of the philosophy.
		Greek philosopher who speculated, based on fossils sea shells found on mountain tops, that the surface of the Earth must have risen and fallen.
	www.ics.forth.gr /~vsiris/ancient_greeks/whole_list.html (1897 words)

	John Anderson, Scottish Natural Philosopher
		He was educated at Glasgow University, and later (1756) became the Professor for Oriental Languages there, before taking up the chair of Natural Philosophy (or physics as it is now known) in 1760.
		Anderson was interested in the practical applications of scientific theory - he erected the first lightening conductor in Glasgow on one of the university's steeples, and acquired an early Newcomen steam engine which - after Anderson asked him to repair it - sparked James Watt's ideas on a more efficient approach to steam engines.
		The new institution began by teaching only natural philosophy and chemsitry at first, but eventually expanded to become what is today's University of Strathclyde.
	www.visitrannoch.com /john-anderson.htm (326 words)

	Birth of the Atom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Democritus was a Natural Philosopher who proclaimed that matter was composed of indestructible particles.
		Natural Philosophers were the scientists of the ancient world.
		The natural philosophers did not experiment, but they did make proclamations based upon their keen observations of their natural setting.
	members.aol.com /profchm/democ.html (300 words)

	MSN Encarta - Print Preview - Ethics
		The British anarchist, philosopher, novelist, and political economist William Godwin developed this idea to its logical extreme in his Enquiry Concerning Political Justice (1793), which rejected all social institutions, including that of the state, on the grounds that their mere existence is the source of evil.
		The ethical and political doctrine known as utilitarianism was formulated by the British philosopher Jeremy Bentham toward the end of the 18th century and later expounded by the British philosopher James Mill and his son, John Stuart Mill.
		Morality, according to Hegel, is not the result of a social contract, but a natural growth, arising in the family and culminating, historically, in the Prussian state of his time.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761555614___13/Ethics.html (1383 words)

	The enigmatic sixteenth-century Swiss physician and natural philosopher Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Just as it is true that at last natural science must be raised into the region of the spirit if it is to lead into higher cognition, so it is true that it must at first remain in the field proper to it if it is to provide the right foundation for a higher level.
		It does not understand that for one who is capable of seeing the spirit, what lives as "spirit in nature" reveals itself, for instance, in the collision of two elastic spheres, and not only in processes which are striking because of their rarity and cannot be immediately grasped in their natural context.
		The enigmatic sixteenth-century Swiss physician and natural philosopher Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim, called Paracelsus, is known for the almost superhuman energy with which he produced his innumerable writings, for his remarkable achievements in the development of science, and for his reputation as a visionary (not to mention sorcerer) and alchemist.
	www.mtsn.org.uk /staff/staffpages/cer/tempest/supernatural.htm (11892 words)

	Anaximander Biography / Biography of Anaximander Biography Biography
		The Greek natural philosopher and astronomer Anaximander (611 BC-ca.
		His book, On Nature, a title given by Alexandrian scholars to many works of its type, was still in use some 2 centuries after his death.
		Although it is difficult to assess his contribution properly because of the defective information about Greek philosophy before Plato, he appears as a boldly imaginative thinker who broke with the mythological explanations of the universe found in the Greek poetic and religious tradition in favor of explanations based on logical premises.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-anaximander/index.html (547 words)

	MSN Encarta - Isaac Newton
		Newton, Sir Isaac (1642-1727), English physicist, mathematician, and natural philosopher, considered one of the most important scientists of all time.
		He was able to unite the explanation of physical properties with the means of prediction.
		Newton began with the laws of motion and gravitation he observed in nature, then used these laws to convert physics from a mere science of explanation into a general mathematical system with rules and laws.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761573959/Isaac_Newton.html (1351 words)

	Natural Philosopher Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Looking For natural philosopher - Find natural philosopher and more at Lycos Search.
		Proposals for a much more 'inquisitive' and practical approach to the study of nature originated with Francis Bacon.
		Although Galileo's 'natural philosophy' is hardly distinguishable from science in many ways, the connection between his experiments and his writings about them is characteristically philosophical, rather than being cluttered with the results of meticulously recorded observational detail of practical scientific research, in the way that Boyle (subsequently) advocated.
	www.stardustmemories.com /cgi-bin/search.cgi?category=encyclopedia&search=Natural+philosopher (422 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Ruggiero Giuseppe Boscovich
		A Dalmatian Jesuit and well-known mathematician, astronomer, and natural philosopher, b.
		His unusual talents manifested themselves particularly during the years devoted to literary and philosophical studies at the Collegio Romano, the most celebrated of the colleges of the Society of Jesus.
		Problems in pure mathematics as well as philosophical speculations regarding the various theories on the constitution of matter also engaged his attention and he took an active part in all scientific discussions which agitated the learned world of his time.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/02691a.htm (2324 words)

	Are You a Natural Philosopher?
		Our SpecList is a forum for statistics on the table, concepts, observed interrelations, lessons to be drawn from life and pursuits of inquiry, queries, the proper books and music and food to be ingested to make life worth living, the great things happening to you.
		At the heart of any philosophical system is an epistemology: an understanding of the constituents of knowledge and how we obtain this knowledge.
		Those forces are many: the complexity of the markets, the perverse nature of our own emotions, and the savvy competition.
	dailyspeculations.com /Letter/philosophers.html (1174 words)

	Index of Ancient Greek Philosophers - Scientists
		Within this period the Ionian school of natural philosophy was founded by Thales of Miletus.
		This is considered the first school for speculating about nature in a scientific way, hence signifies the birth of science.
		All philosophers - scientists up to Democritus are considered to be PreSocratics.
	www.ics.forth.gr /%7Evsiris/ancient_greeks/presocratics.html (985 words)

	Biographies, The Scientists: A List. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Darwin struck upon the theory of evolution, viz., that all things, reacting to natural laws that we do not fully understand, have slowly evolved over an unimaginable amount of time, into what they are today.
		Huygens had a particular interest in the nature of light and was to propound a theory that it was undulating, thus striking upon, "wave theory."
		Newton was a mathematician and natural philosopher (physicist).
	www.blupete.com /Literature/Biographies/Science/Scients.htm (4497 words)

	Autumn 1999 - Jana Mohr-Lone Creates Northwest Center for Philosophy for Children
		Whatever their age, philosophical questions are relevant to students' daily lives.
		In the parent workshop, the leader and parents read a story that is philosophically suggestive and start discussing it--modelling what parents can do with their own children.
		Although Mohr-Lone is pleased with the progress her organization has made in the past three years--with sessions at 15 Seattle-area schools and more than a dozen parent workshops--she's now ready to expand the program to reach even more children.
	www.artsci.washington.edu /newsletter/Autumn99/Mohr-Lone.htm (744 words)

	MICHAEL FARADAY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It is not sufficient to say that Michael Faraday was born September 22, 1791 of Margaret Hastwell, a farmer's daughter, and James Faraday, a flsmith of Yorkshire, England.
		It is with humility that I may claim the profession of natural philosopher.
		At the same time that he gratified my desires as to scientific employment, he still advised me to remain a bookbinder, telling me that Science was a harsh mistress, and in a pecuniary point of view but poorly rewarding those who devoted themselves to her service.
	www.woodrow.org /teachers/chemistry/institutes/1992/Faraday.html (4027 words)

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