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	Clarinblasen - Method for valveless natural trumpet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Bb Trumpet (with slide extended to A) or 3.
		Play them on your Natural Trumpet in D. Play them on your long Bb (with tuning slide extended to A) reading in bass clef, C transposition.
		All of the Twenty Five Etudes are completely playable using the traditional long, natural trumpet without valves - with the exception of # 25 which exploits the use of our fully chromatic "natural trumpet".
	bflatmusic.com /naturaltpt.html (264 words)

	TRUMPET - LoveToKnow Article on TRUMPET
		In the trumpet the notes of the harmonic series from the 3rd to the loth or 1 6th upper partials are produced by the varied tension of the lips and pressure of breath called overblowing.
		But, though the keyed trumpet was a notable improvement on the invention trumpet, the sounds obtained by means of the lateral openings of the tube did not possess the qualities which distinguish sounds caused by the resonance of the air-column vibrating in its entirety.
		The bass trumpet with pistons used for Wagners tetralogy is in EL, in unison with the ordinary trumpet with crooks of D and C; but, when constructed so as to allow of the production of the second proper tone as written by this master, this instrument belongs rather to the trombones than to the trumpets.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /T/TR/TRUMPET.htm (2489 words)

	Concerto for Trumpet by Franz Joseph Haydn - Analysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Concerto for trumpet (Hob.: VII e, 1) by Franz Joseph Haydn is recognized as an important work of the solo trumpet repertoire, popular with audiences and performers alike, and stands as an example of Haydn's skill as a composer.
		The new key is established by the tonal tritone, F and B- natural, in the viio 6 resolving to i in measure 53.
		The a-natural 1 resolves to the b-flat 1 on the downbeat of measure 61.
	www.mid-mo.net /slgreene/haydn.htm (8867 words)

	AllRefer.com - trumpet (Music: Theory, Forms, And Instruments) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		trumpet, brass wind musical instrument of part cylindrical, part conical bore, in the shape of a flattened loop and having three piston valves to regulate the pitch.
		At this time the trumpet lacked valves, and a highly developed technique existed for playing in the upper register of the instrument, where a complete diatonic scale was available.
		A bass trumpet in C was first called for by Wagner.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/T/trumpet.html (369 words)

	TRUMPET
		As a result of this, trumpets were built in various keys, or "crooks" (additional lengths of tubing) were added to change the overtone series (the longer a brass instrument is, the lower its fundamental is, thus lowering its overtone series).
		The natural trumpet thrived in the Baroque Era, and was considered one of the virtuosi solo instruments of the period.
		The trumpet is able to compensate for this by the extension of the third valve slide on beginner trumpets, and the extension of the third and first valve slides on most intermediate, and all professional line trumpets.
	www.music.ecu.edu /courses/brass/Trumpet.html (816 words)

	Period Brass Instruments
		As the interval between 'natural' notes gets smaller the higher in the harmonic series they are, the natural trumpet needs to be twice the length of the equivalent modern trumpet in order that it can play a scale from C on the stave upwards.
		The Tromba da Tirarsi is a single slide natural trumpet where the whole body of the the trumpet is moved to obtain the slide positions.
		The Flatt Trumpet is a double slide trumpet specified by Purcell for the Funeral Sentences.
	www.matthewparkertrumpets.com /periodin.htm (699 words)

	Trumpet
		Trumpets were introduced into the opera in 1607 with Claudio Monteverdi's opera Orfeo.After that, they became common in opera orchestras and in the 19th century were commonplace in the symphony orchestras.
		The modern trumpet is a common instrument in concert bands, jazz bands, marching bands, and is used in many genre of popular music as well as in today's symphony orchestra.
		The trumpet in C is a non-transposing instrument, the trumpet in B-flat has the same written range, but sounds a step lower.
	www.music.vt.edu /musicdictionary/textt/Trumpet.html (392 words)

	[No title]
		A trumpet is a tube whose enclosed air column is vibrated by buzzing the lips on a mouth hole or mouthpiece.
		Trumpets were traditionally reserved for royalty, who created restrictive guilds to guard the privilege and prestige of clarino trumpeters.
		Trumpets were shortened, which placed the five remaining usable partials in the treble range, first to F with crooks from E to C, then to the presently standard B-flat with A-slide.
	www.afn.org /~afn38695/trumpet.html (331 words)

	Trumpet History And Such...
		The trumpet in this century was known as the natural trumpet because it had no valves, slides, or pistons.
		The art of playing the natural trumpet was known as "clarino" playing, which reached its peak in the works of Bach and Handel.
		By inserting a crook trumpeters were able to change their instrument's length to accommodate the keys of the music they were playing.
	www.angelfire.com /band/vhstrumpets/pages/history.html (555 words)

	Bach to Basics
		"A natural trumpet is essentially a trumpet without valves," Bryan Proksch, a graduate student in musicology, or the study of the history of music, explains.
		Valentine Snow was one such natural trumpeter for whom Handel wrote most of his music; Snow was also a composer, and Proksch recently edited a set of his natural trumpet duets, which was published by Brass Press.
		The natural trumpet project is funded by an undergraduate research grant from the College of Arts and Architecture.
	www.rps.psu.edu /0209/bach.html (1369 words)

	ITG 2000 - Dean/Thiessen Masterclass
		Thiessen began by discussing the natural trumpet and its inherent qualities, noting that the instrument in B-flat was twice as long as our modern B-flat instrument.
		The concept of "musical" and "nonmusical" trumpeters was mentioned, and Thiessen noted the difference between each: the "nonmusical" were hired for simple fanfare playing while the "musical" were hired for the melodic playing of the day.
		He commented that playing natural trumpet is beneficial for playing the valved instrument in that it reduces tension and improves focus on pitch center.
	www.trumpetguild.org /2000conference/thursday/t11c.htm (368 words)

	Clarinblasen - Method for valveless natural trumpet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Bb Trumpet (with slide extended to A) or 3.
		Since so much of the Baroque trumpet literature is in "D", it is very desireable to learn to read those "D" parts, using the "A" Picc.
		Play them on your natural trumpet in D. Play them on your long Bb (with tuning slide extended to A) reading in bass clef, C transposition.
	www.bflatmusic.com /naturaltpt.html (245 words)

	Natural trumpet
		A brass instrument from the trumpet family that lacks valves or keys to change pitches.
		These instruments only produce the pitches that are contained in the natural overtone series.
		These "natural" instruments often have crooks, or alternate lengths of tubing that change the key of the instrument, or the inherent pitches that the instrument can play.
	www.music.vt.edu /musicdictionary/textn/Naturaltrumpet.html (70 words)

	Sleeve Notes - Classical Trumpet Concertos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Some English trumpeters were using a mechanical device on their instruments where a retractable tuning slide both corrected imperfect intonation and doubled the number of notes available on the limited scale of the ‘natural’ trumpet.
		Weidinger’s trumpet was built in the standard military pitch of E flat; three keys covered holes which were strategically placed to raise the harmonics in steps by half a tone at a time (a fourth key would have provided a low B natural — a note which is conspicuously absent from Haydn’s concerto).
		In recreating the soundworld of Haydn and Hummel by using the solo instrument for which they wrote their unique trumpet concertos, amongst all the many remarkable features of the keyed trumpet what is perhaps most notable is the sweetness of the instrument’s sound, and its resultant ability to blend with all the orchestral wind instruments.
	www.hyperion-records.co.uk /notes/67266-N.asp (1702 words)

	Rexo #1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Back then, the trumpets had no valves and are often called "natural" trumpets.
		Cornets and trumpets are the highest pitched members of the brass family and are the one of the main instruments in concert, jazz, and marching bands.
		Trumpets are also common in orchestras, Latin dance bands as well as reggae ensembles.
	home.earthlink.net /~poboycorre/be14002.htm (427 words)

	Philadelphia Natural Trumpet Ensemble (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		With the revival of the natural trumpet, we are afforded the opportunity to hear the music of Bach and Handel played on the instrument familiar to those composers and whose sound they admired.
		PNTE performed numerous times at the Streitwieser Historic Trumpet Museum, where from its inception in 1991 until 1994 it was the natural trumpet ensemble in residence.
		The natural trumpet group performs annually at Easter Services of the historic Old Pine Street Church in Philadelphia, where for a number of years, it has taken part in various joyous movements from the cantatas of J.S. Bach with chorus and organ.
	gfhandel.org /bleissa/pnte.htm (366 words)

	Trumpets in Bach's Vocal Works - Part 3
		Thus the Baroque trumpet is approximately twice the length of a modern D trumpet and almost four times the length of a piccolo trumpet.
		Because of its lower fundamental frequency, the resonances of the Baroque trumpet are spaced a factor of 2 closer together than a modern D trumpet, and roughly a factor of four closer than a piccolo trumpet.
		Since baroque trumpet parts don't modulate beyond adding one sharp or one flat to the primary key (which is usually D major, sometimes C major, or F major for the Bburg), it is possible to play a true D major (or whatever) scale without worrying about temperament, and that's what all trumpeters try to do.
	www.bach-cantatas.com /Topics/Trumpets-3.htm (7123 words)

	AMIS Newsletter: In the Footsteps of the Old Nuremberg Masters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The trumpet in progress: the bell after soldering before hammering and burnishing, tubes, the ball, sheet brass for the garland and some more tubes, the wooden block, and wire for the rim.
		The immediate model for the instruments being made was the natural trumpet in D by Hanns Hainlein, Nuremberg 1632, in the possession of the Musikinstrumentenmuseum im Münchner Stadtmuseum, no. 67/5.
		The final firmness of the trumpet was reached by a wooden block between the first yard and the bell, tightened by a linen ribbon and covered by colored binding.
	www.amis.org /pubs/newsletter/2003/v32no1/nuremberg.htm (1087 words)

	MHN Instrument Encyclopedia
		In western Africa, families of ceremonial natural trumpets ranging in size from two to six feet have been made from elephant's tusks.
		Those trumpeters who were under the direct jurisdiction of European sovereigns enjoyed a much higher social status than most musicians.
		The Guild had a dual purpose: to regulate and limit instruction on the trumpet, and to restrict where the trumpet could be played and by whom For a period of at least 50 years, less trumpet music was written down and printed for fear of unregulated performances by non-guild trumpeters!
	www.si.umich.edu /chico/instrument/pages/naturaltrump_gnrl.html (359 words)

	Natural Trumpet Resource Page
		Laird, Michael, BrassWorkBook for Natural Trumpet, BrassWorks, Essex U.K. Owens, Frank J., to be published by Lyric Brass.
		Makers of Reproduction Natural Trumpets - The quality and degree of authenticity of these instruments vary a great deal; some are hand-made using only techniques available in the baroque era, while others are made of modern bells and tubing soldered together.
		Modern works for natural trumpet by Giorgio Pacchioni.
	www.earlybrass.com /NATTRUMPpage.htm (1339 words)

	Natural Trumpet by Johann Wilhelm Haas at the National Music Museum
		Natural Trumpet by Johann Wilhelm Haas at the National Music Museum
		Natural Trumpet in D by Johann Wilhelm Haas,
		Natural trumpet in D by Johann Wilhelm Haas, Imperial City of Nürnberg, ca.
	www.usd.edu /smm/UtleyPages/NaturalTrumpets/JWHaas/HaasTrumpet.html (458 words)

	trumpet marine -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		It had a long narrow body and one or two strings, which the player's left thumb touched lightly to produce the notes of the harmonic series, as on a natural trumpet.
		Trumpet fishes have elongated, slender bodies and stiff, tubelike snouts ending in small, weak jaws.
		Early trumpets were tubes made of wood, bamboo, or gourd.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=9073557 (934 words)

	The World's Worst Trumpet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The natural vibrations of a circular membrane are not harmonically related.
		Just as was the case with a real trumpet, the natural resonances are sharp compared to the "slotted" played notes.
		The frequency of any natural resonances of a trumpet is not necessarily related in any simple way to the frequency of any other resonance.
	www.whc.net /rjones/jlynch/worlds_worst.html (706 words)

	The Keyed Trumpet
		By the second half of the 18th century the natural trumpet was in decline.
		The keyed trumpet in Eb was borrowed from Gerald Endsley.
		Friedemann Immer is the person who have performed Bach's Brandenburg Concerto No. 2 most time on a natural trumpet.This work is considered difficult to play on a modern piccolo trumpet and was for along time though of as impossible to play on the natural trumpet.
	abel.hive.no /trumpet/articles/keyed_trumpet (1144 words)

	QuintEssential : Instruments
		The natural trumpet differs from the modern trumpet in two crucial ways: firstly, it is twice the length and secondly, it has no valves and is therefore unable to play more than a limited number of notes.
		The military connotations of the trumpet made it one of the most prized instruments at court, often the trumpet corps outnumbered all the other courtly musicians put together; the Charamela Real corps in Lisbon called for 24 trumpets for one of its fanfares.
		The broad term "continuo" is used to encompass a group of instruments which provide a realisation of a figured bass to a given piece; sometimes this figuring is absent from the written parts but the job of continuo is by no means excused in these instances.
	www.iquint.co.uk /instruments.html (433 words)

	IN the Beginning God Created The Heavens, The Earth And The TRUMPET
		Trumpets are often referred to in the Bible and the Torah.
		In 1814, Heinrich Stölzel introduced a valve trumpet in Berlin.
		version of the trumpet, called the cornet was introduced in Europe in 1830.
	www.angelfire.com /band/vhstrumpets/pages/origin.html (226 words)

	How to build a natural trumpet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This can be a very rewarding project, however be aware that a modern trumpet bell will probably not be as easy to play in tune (without vent holes) as the shallow flares of the early baroque instruments.
		Making a trumpet is not very hard to do crudely, although it depends a bit on what you have to work with.
		To bend the tubing for the bows at each end of the trumpet, you have to first soften it by heating with a propane torch until it just begins to glow, then let it cool.
	abel.hive.no /trumpet/tpin/build_a_natural_trumpet.html (630 words)

	Trumpet F o r u m : Natural Born Trumpet Player! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Ok so there are 5 percussion people, 20 clarinets, 2 flutes, and 6 trumpets, oh and one baritone because the fl kid with the big lips couldn`t play his trumpet.
		He is prolly in the wrong school, where he is not reminded that the most capable trumpeters in the world are Black Americans.
		These are the only ska bands i`ve heard that rely very heavily on trumpet riffs (well i`ve heard a few more, but these have the best ones).
	www.8notes.com /f/29_34902.asp (1457 words)

	Naturtrompete Natural trumpet
		This trumpet is made as a natural trumpet after the maker, Josef Anger from Graslitz around 1800.
		It has the form ofthe long baroque trumpet and is made with drawn tubing and handbeaten bell.
		It may be necessary to change the fingerings, depellding on how you prefer to intonate and tune the trumpet.
	www.voigt-brass.com /Naturtrompete.html (381 words)

	The Baroque Trumpet Shop
		This case is designed to carry a natural trumpet or 4-hole long model trumpet without removing the crooks and yards.
		For years players have been unable to find suitable cases for their natural trumpets and have been forced to improvise with all sorts of different bags ranging from plumbers canvas toolbags to tennis racquet bags.
		Extra long design so trumpet does not have to be disassembled.
	www.baroquetrumpet.com /mutes.htm (364 words)

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