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| | Middle English Nautical Terminology |
 | | These particulars of accounts “were sometimes kept by the master shipwright himself; in other cases it may be taken for granted that the person in charge of the building or repairing [the ship] also supervised the clerk in keeping the account” (Sandahl, vol.1, 13). |
 | | The technical terms contained therein “may therefore be regarded as accurate” (13) in the view of Bertil Sandahl, whose three-volume Middle English Sea Terms remains the standard study. |
 | | Sandahl proceeds from a broad definition of “sea terms,” and includes in his study several carpentry terms that relate closely to the nautical terms, among them the Low Dutch wood words clapholt, cog-board, deal, knorholt, righolt, wainscot and the Low German nail words anned, need, boyspikar, crame, grope-nail, middle-nail, scot-nail, tingle, and wrakling. |
| www.chass.utoronto.ca /~cpercy/courses/6361shields.htm (906 words) |
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