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Topic: Navajo language

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	Navajo Nation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Navajo Nation (Navajo: Naabeehó Dine'é) is the name of a sovereign Native American nation established by the Diné.
		The Navajo Indian Reservation covers about 27,000 square miles (70,000 square kilometres) of land, occupying all of northeastern Arizona, and extending into Utah and New Mexico, and is the largest land area assigned primarily to a Native American jurisdiction within the United States.
		Navajos are known for their sandpainting, performed for healing ceremonies and as part of other spiritual activities.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Navajo_Nation (1769 words)

	Encyclopedia topic: Navajo language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Navajo (Diné bizaad) (occasionally spelled Navaho) is a Southern Athabaskan or Apachean language of the Athabaskan (A group of Amerindian languages (the name coined by an American anthropologist, Edward Sapir)) language family, belonging to the Na-Dené (A family of North American Indian languages) phylum.
		The key element in Navajo is the verb (A word that serves as the predicate of a sentence) and is notoriously complex.
		The verb stem is composed of an abstract root ((botany) the usually underground organ that lacks buds or leaves or nodes; absorbs water and mineral salts; usually it anchors the plant to the ground) and an often fused suffix.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/n/na/navajo_language.htm (1742 words)

	The Navajo Nation - History Page
		Navajo men were selected to create codes and serve on the front line to overcome and deceive those on the other side of the battlefield.
		Navajo Code Talkers At Iwo Jima, Major Howard Connor, 5th Marine Division signal officer, declared, "Were it not for the Navajos, the Marines would never have taken Iwo Jima." Connor had six Navajo code talkers working around the clock during the first two days of the battle.
		Many Navajo soldiers are recognized in the annals of history for their role as Code Talkers, whereby they used the native language to create a code that was never broken by the enemy.
	www.navajo.org /history.htm (1119 words)

	Profiles of Native Language Education Programs Education Programs
		It is the policy of the Navajo Nation to work towards the acceptance of the Navajo language in all areas of contemporary Navajo life, and the prohibition of the Navajo language in none.
		Navajo will be used as a language of communication and interaction in extended family activities and in neighborhood and community activities.
		Navajo will be taught and used in schools as a living language: students, staff, and parents will use Navajo as a language of instruction, communication, and interaction.
	www.sedl.org /pubs/lc05/appendix_e.html (1048 words)

	Encyclopedia: Navajo language
		Navajo blanket Navajo Nation (Navajo: NaabeehÃ³ DineÃ©) is the name of a sovereign Native American nation established by the DinÃ©.
		Navajo is an Athapaskan language, belonging to the Na-Dene phylum.
		Many basic verbs in Navajo may translate into many words in English; for instance, the verb si' means "to cause a hafted [better def.?] object to move" or, more practically, "to practise archery".
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Navajo-language (996 words)

	Navajo (Diné Bizaad)
		Navajo is a member of the Athapaskan branch of the Na-Dené; language family and is spoken by about 120,000 people in Arizona and New Mexico.
		Navajo first appeared in writing in 1849 in the form of a Navajo word list published in the Journal of a Military Reconnaissance by Lt. James H. Simpson.
		Unfortunately this alphabet was not popular among the Navajo, partly as a result of their anger at Collier's policies on livestock reduction, which led them to distrust his literacy drive.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/navajo.htm (346 words)

	The Role of Radio in Maintaining the Navajo Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		When discussing language maintenance, however, it is important to note who the actual and intended audience is. My data indicate that Navajo announcers often tailor their language to an older, monolingual audience and for various reasons, younger Navajos do not actively seek out Navajo-language broadcasts.
		In the Navajo case, communication in the native language among a widely-dispersed population was a major factor in the Nation applying for and receiving a broadcast license.
		Navajo is a very descriptive language and is not easily adjusted to fit the time constraints of 30 second commercials and other unique requirements of entertainment radio, especially since most of KTNN's Navajo-language programming is interpreted directly from written English copy.
	jan.ucc.nau.edu /~jar/TIL_17.html (2887 words)

	Encyclopedia of North American Indians - - Navajo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Whether either the Navajo genesis story or the Bering Strait theory is true, the fact remains that the Navajos have always progressed intellectually, physically, socially, and spiritually.
		The Navajos speak a language that belongs to the Southern Athabaskan family, a language group that is also common to Apachean peoples, including those known as Jicarillas, Mescaleros, and White Mountain Apaches.
		Navajo men also developed the art of silversmithing from their knowledge of flsmithing, which they acquired from the Spaniards.
	college.hmco.com /history/readerscomp/naind/html/na_025200_navajo.htm (2328 words)

	[No title]
		WW II gutted the resources for Navajo education, while the many thousands of Navajos who served in the armed forces or in defense industries came back to the reservation more convinced than ever that learning English had to be top priority for their children.
		The Journal of Navajo Education, published by Round Rock School starting in 1983, is a virtual gold mine of scholarship regarding the status and future of written and oral Navajo, often reflecting in-depth studies by academics such as Parsons-Yazzie, Reyhner, Lockard, and McLaughlin.
		The Irish, like the Navajo, went through a long period (until independence in 1917) when their language was actively persecuted, and preserving it is seen as a critical component of national identity and sovereignty.
	hometown.aol.com /tg3907/navlit.html (2905 words)

	ipedia.com: Navajo language Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It is like the Apachean languages in that although the majority of the languages in the Na-Dene family are spoken much farther north (Alaska, Yukon, Northwest Territories, and Canadian Provinces) Navajo is spoken much farther south (in the southwest United States) by the Navajo people.
		Navajo claims more speakers than any other Native American language north of the Mexican border, with more than 100,000 native speakers, and this number is actually increasing with time.
		The key element in Navajo is the verb, with even some noun meanings provided by verbs; many complex nouns are derived from verbs as well; for instance, the Navajo word łéé'íí'nííł "cemetery" is actually a verb meaning "they lie in the ground".
	www.ipedia.com /navajo_language.html (512 words)

	Navajo Nation
		The Navajo people are very dynamic and creative people who strongly believe in the power of the mind to think and create; finding expression in the myriad symbolic creations of the Navajo language, art and ritual ceremonies.
		Navajo legend teaches that Navajo women learned the art of weaving from Spider Woman who constructed a loom according to directions given by Spider Man. They were Holy People who came from the underworld, where weaving was their way of life.
		Navajo lore teaches that when the Dineh came from the underworld, First Man brought turquoise with him and directed shovels to be made of turquoise to dig channels and drain much of the water that was present.
	www.americanwest.com /pages/navajo2.htm (3753 words)

	Surveying Attitudes Towards the Navajo Tribe's Language and Culture Initiative (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Navajo tribe answered that question in 1984 when they mandated the addition of instruction in Navajo language and culture to the existing curriculum in elementary and secondary schools on the Navajo Reservation.
		Public Law 101-477, the Native American Languages Act, made it clear that "traditional languages of Native Americans are an integral part of their cultures and identities" and form the basis for cultural transmission and survival.
		What is very clear from the data that has been gathered so far is that members of the Navajo Nation are very concerned with the education of their children, though the means and goals for instruction of Navajo language and culture are not consistently shared across all communities.
	jan.ucc.nau.edu /~jar/TIL_20.html (2164 words)

	Literacy Online - Proceedings of the 1996 World Conference on Literacy
		Navajo country is defined by its location on the Colorado Plateau, a landscape of striking multihued rock formations, deep canyons and pine-studded mesas.
		Navajo is an Athabaskan language, a subset of the huge Na-Déné language group with speakers spread across the subarctic from Alaska to eastern Canada, southward to the Northwest Pacific Coast, and into the Plains and the U.S. Southwest.
		In Fishman's (1991) eight-stage typology of threatened languages (with stage 8 representing the most disrupted), Navajo can be placed at stages 7 (a vibrant adult-speaking community), 6 (intergenerational transmission), 5 (literacy in the heritage language), 4 (schools under indigenous and external control), 3 and 2 (reservation-based work, media, higher education, and government).
	www.literacyonline.org /products/ili/webdocs/ilproc/ilprocMc.htm (3131 words)

	Language Miniatures 20: The Navajo language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		While struggling with the challenge of trying to learn a foreign language, it could be you've wondered "What is the hardest language to learn?" Japanese, for instance, feels more baffling to us than Spanish does.
		Navajo has a grammar that is about as far removed from English as any language gets.
		Languages have endless different ways of organizing and structuring their communication, the way they talk about the world.
	home.bluemarble.net /~langmin/miniatures/navajo.htm (850 words)

	Karletta Chief's Navajo Language Webpage
		Navajos should take pride in who they are and hold grasp of their culture, history, and family.
		The Navajo Language is a very complicated language because it is more condensed than language of the Indo-European Family.
		This website is devoted to the Navajo youth who are inspired and dedicated to learning and regaining part of their culture and language.
	www.u.arizona.edu /~kchief/Language.html (653 words)

	Amazon.com: Language and Art in the Navajo Universe: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Witherspoon approaches his study of Navajo culture with the assumption that there exists some basic tenet of the Navajo cultural system that is all-enduring, but that it is the surface dynamism of this culture that characterizes the adaptability of the Navajo people.
		Witherspoon spent fifteen years living with the Navajo, and his experience in their language comes more from his work as a teacher and in other personal roles than from anthropological research.
		Language and Art in the Navajo Universe aims to bridge the gap between Western and Navajo cultures.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0472089668?v=glance (700 words)

	Mario's Cyberspace Station: All you should know about Navajo Code Talkers
		Navajo language, the Code Talkers were able to transmit and decode in 20 seconds a message that would have taken a machine 30 minutes to decipher.
		The Navajo code talkers are know to have sent over 800 messages in a 2 day interval and all of the 800 messages that were sent in those two days not one had an error.
		The code, based on the Navajo language, was used by a select group of Navajos from New Mexico and Arizona who served as signalmen with Marine combat units from May 1942 until the war's end.
	mprofaca.cro.net /navajo.html (4910 words)

	Navajo Language Program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The purpose of the Associate of Arts in Navajo Language is to prepare students to enter teacher certification programs and become (a) Navajo language teachers or (b) well-prepared bilingual teachers.
		Addresses major issues in the teaching/learning of second languages, with specific emphasis on the case of the Navajo language, as taught in the public schools.
		The Navajo Language Proficiency Test was designed in Window Rock, under the auspices of the Navajo Division of Education.
	www.dinecollege.edu /cds/navlang.html (1295 words)

	Navajo language -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Navajo is a tone language, meaning that pitch helps distinguish words.
		The Navajo speak an Apachean language, which, like the language of their Apache cousins, is classified in the Athabascan family.
		Of these languages 20 belong to the Athabascan family; they are spoken in the Northwest Territory, the Yukon, and adjacent parts of Canada, west to Cook Inlet in Alaska; in two...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9055070 (807 words)

	Explore the Navajo Nation - Navajo Indian tourism, history, language!
		The Navajo Nation Hospitality Enterprise would love to have you take a breathtaking journey through Indian country, and experience the cultural wonders and the natural beauty of the land.
		In October 1982, the Navajo Nation Tribal Council established the Navajo Nation Hospitality Enterprise as an enterprise of the Navajo Nation.
		The Quality Inn Navajo Nation Capital is central to the Navajo Nation’s Museum, Zoo, Council Chambers, Veteran’s Memorial Park, and Arts and Crafts Enterprise.
	www.explorenavajo.com (583 words)

	Cryptology: Navajo Code Talkers in World War II
		The idea to use Navajo for secure communications came from Philip Johnston, the son of a missionary to the Navajos and one of the few non-Navajos who spoke their language fluently.
		Johnston, reared on the Navajo reservation, was a World War I veteran who knew of the military's search for a code that would withstand all attempts to decipher it.
		The Navajo veterans and their families traveled to the ceremony from their homes on the Navajo Reservation, which includes parts of Arizona, New Mexico and Utah.
	www.history.navy.mil /faqs/faq61-2.htm (948 words)

	Navajo Language Academy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Navajo Language Academy, Inc.is a non-profit educational organization devoted to the scientific study and promotion of the Navajo language.
		However, the NLA approach is to teach people how to do scientific research on the Navajo language, to discover the rules and principles underlying the grammar.
		His wish was for them to be available to Navajo linguists and other scholars of the Navajo language.
	www.swarthmore.edu /SocSci/tfernal1/nla/nla.htm (331 words)

	navajo language - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Unknown to many, the Navajo language was used to create a secret...
		Navajo language North American Indian language of the Athabascan family, spoken by the Navajo people of Arizona and New Mexico and closely related to Apache.
		implementation of the Navajo Tribe's mandate to teach Navajo language and culture in all schools in...
	www.okkio.com /search/navajo-language (391 words)

	AllRefer.com - Navajo, language (Language And Linguistics) - Encyclopedia
		Navajo or Navaho, language belonging to the Athabascan branch of the Nadene linguistic family, or stock, of North America (including Mexico).
		Topics that might be of interest to you:
		• Literature and the Arts > Language, Linguistics, and Literary Terms
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/N/Navajolang.html (144 words)

	The Din'e (Navajo) People (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Din'e, Dineh, or Navajo Nation is the largest Native nation in the United States both in territory and population.
		Din'e land is rich in reserve subsurface minerals and resources; 100 million barrels of oil; 25 billion cubic feet of natural gas; five billion tons of surface coal; and 80 million pounds of uranium.
		The Angora sheep are raised by the Navajo.
	www.csulb.edu /projects/ais/dine.html (586 words)

	navajo language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This is a list of links directly related to the Navajo language.
		This software is an asset to any Navajo Language and Culture program...
		The Navajo language is a Na-Dene or Athapascan language.
	learning-gd.com /articles/18/navajo-language.html (129 words)

	Navajo Dictionary, Navajo Dictionary\|Childrens, Navajo Fonts, Navajo Learn, Navajo Literature, Navajo Movies/Videos, ...
		The Navajo are the largest Indian tribe in the United States.
		The Navajo language, like the Apache, is of the Athapascan family.
		Navajo is spoken/used in United States of America
	www.worldlanguage.com /Languages/Navajo.htm (201 words)

	Learn Navajo - Navajo Books, Courses, and Software
		This beginning language audio-casette/workbook program were developed by Alan Wilson, formerly Professor of Navajo Language at the University of New Mexico, with the assistance of native Navajo speakers.
		The entire text is recorded by a native speaker as an aid to the correct pronunciation of the language.
		It is designed to aid Navajos learning English as well as English speakers interested in acquiring knowledge of Navajo.
	www.101language.com /navajo.html (785 words)

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