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Topic: Naval Act of 1794

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	The Mariners' Museum : Birth of the U.S. Navy
		While the Naval Act of 1794 had called for the building and manning of a squadron of frigates, it had not established a naval department to oversee their operation.
		Furthermore, the act had expired with the peaceful settlement of the conflict with Algiers.
		Under Stoddert, the original frigates called for by the Navy Act of 1794 were completed.
	www.mariner.org /usnavy/05/05d.htm (775 words)

	Naval Act of 1794 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Act to Provide a Naval Armament, also known as the Naval Act, was passed by the United States Congress on March 27, 1794 and established the first naval force, which eventually became the United States Navy.
		In March 1796, as construction of the frigates slowly progressed, a peace accord was announced between the United States and the Dey of Algiers.
		In accordance with clause nine of the Naval Act of 1794, a clause that specifically directed that construction of the frigates be discontinued if peace was established, construction on all six ships was halted.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Naval_Act_of_1794 (419 words)

	USS United States (1797) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		United States was the first of the six frigates completed under authority of the Naval Act of 1794 passed by United States Congress on 27 March 1794.
		United States was the first American warship to be launched under the naval provisions of the United States Constitution, four months before the launching of her sister ship USS Constellation at Baltimore, and five and one-half months before the USS Constitution at Boston.
		The senior American naval officer in the region, Captain Shaw became commodore and commanded the squadron until Commodore Isaac Chauncey arrived on 1 July 1816 and took overall command.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/USS_United_States_(1797) (2939 words)

	"A squadron of observation": Thomas Jefferson and America's first war against terrorism.(Scholarship) - HighBeam ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		That act stipulated that of the 13 frigates, only six were to be kept on active duty: the rest were to be placed in storage (what a later generation would call "mothballed") to await a future crisis.
		Jefferson's use of naval force during his first term was consistent with his long-standing opposition to navalist ambitions and to his pragmatic roots.
		Jefferson's use of naval force was thus both limited and specific; his fear of wider entanglement remained a key aspect of his naval policy.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1G1-128601127.html (6121 words)

	U.S. Navy, Maritime History of Massachusetts--A National Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary
		Naval shipyards, such as Philadelphia Naval Shipyard, Washington Navy Yard, Boston Naval Shipyard (Charlestown Navy Yard) and New York Navy Yard, sprung up around the turn of the century along important rivers and on the coastlines of major American cities to support increased ship production and to prepare existing ships for combat.
		The Boston Naval Hospital opened in 1836 as one of the first three hospitals authorized specifically for naval personnel.
		Many naval vessels included in this Maritime History of Massachusetts travel itinerary and exhibited in Massachusetts today were built during World War II and actively participated in combat, such as the USS Massachusetts, the USS Lionfish and the USS Cassin Young.
	www.cr.nps.gov /nr/travel/maritime/navy.htm (1390 words)

	NORFOLK NAVAL SHIPYARD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Norfolk Naval Shipyard is built on 819 acres of land, has 30 miles of paved streets, 324 permanent buildings, 33 miles of railroad track, 4 locomotives, 137 cars, 334 cranes and derricks, 7 drydocks, and is capable of drydocking and rendering complete service to the world's largest ships.
		However, the renewed naval interest brought on by the threat of war with France resulted in the creation by Congress of the U.S. Navy Department on April 30, 1798 and the laying of the keel for the CHESAPEAKE on December 10, 1798.
		Public interest in the Navy Yard and in naval affairs, already aroused by the launching of these vessels, was increased to a marked degree the same year by the International Columbian Naval Rendezvous in Hampton Roads, which was in celebration of the 400th anniversary of the discovery of America.
	www.nnsy1.navy.mil /history/roots.htm (4332 words)

	French Navy Web Page
		The French naval success at the Second Battle of the Virginia Capes in September 1781 was ‘the keystone' of the Yorktown Campaign, and provides dramatic testimony of the French Navy's contribution to the American cause in that theater of operations.
		This latter act appears to have been in response to a 1964 initiative of the French society of the Cincinnati, who presented to the US two batteries of five eighteenth-century French cannon to be placed on the battlefield at Yorktown.
		Anglophone naval historians also express their preference of tactics that seek to destroy the opponent's formation, with the logic that such results will leave open an opportunity to later exploit less restricted conditions to pursue the objectives of a campaign.
	xenophongroup.com /mcjoynt/marine.htm (6570 words)

	The Mariners' Museum : Birth of the U.S. Navy
		Once Congress had authorized the construction of the six frigates outlined in the Act to Provide a Naval Armament of 1794, President Washington assigned the task of overseeing the completion of the project to Secretary of War Henry Knox.
		Though the act of 1794 authorizing the construction of the frigates was specifically drafted to defeat the small but troublesome Algerian corsairs, Knox's report and recommendations as to the size and strength of the new ships undoubtedly influenced Congress.
		Although the naval act of 1794 specified the class of frigates to be built--three of forty-four guns and three of thirty-six guns--the specific design was left to the executive in charge.
	mariner.org /usnavy/04/04c.htm (607 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Naval power would play a significant role during the Civil War, where the Union had a distinct advantage over the Confederacy on the seas.
		At the same time, the Chief of Naval Operations is one of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, which is the second-highest deliberatory body of the armed forces after the United States National Security Council, although it only plays an advisory role to the President and does not nominally form part of the chain of command.
		The previous naval jack was a blue field with 50 white stars, identical to the canton of the ensign (the Flag of the United States) both in appearance and size.
	stron.frm.pl /wiki.php?title=United_States_Navy (7964 words)

	neutrality. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The general neutrality convention, after declaring neutral territory inviolable, laid down regulations for neutral states and listed acts that should not be regarded as favoring one of the belligerents.
		The convention on neutrality in naval war, which was fuller, elaborated upon the duties of neutrals but did not incorporate rules for contraband and blockade.
		The 1794 Neutrality Act forbids U.S. citizens from taking part in military action against any country with which the United States is not at war.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ne/neutral.html (590 words)

	Military.com Content (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Future naval legend Reuben James was born in 1776 as his nation began its fight for independence.
		While others attribute this act to one Daniel Frazier, it is fact that James served long and well for the Navy.
		He was a prisoner of war in 1815, but after the war continued to serve, participating in the capture of the Algerian flagship Mashouda.
	www.military.com /Content/MoreContent1/?file=nrr_james (542 words)

	Naval History - Appendix
		Naval Records of the American Revolution [Calendar], prepared from the Originals in the Library of Congress by Charles Henry Lincoln.
		With the name of each vessel are given the state where owned, the rig, the number of guns and of men, the amount of the bond furnished, and the names of the commander, the bonders, and the owners.
		None of the said commanders, whilst they are not separated from the said squadron by order of the minister, shall act but by virtue of the brevet which they shall have obtained from the United States of America, and it is agreed that the flag of the United States shall be displayed.
	www.americanrevolution.org /navapp.html (3867 words)

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		By 1794, after Washington ordered the protesters to appear in U.S. district court, the protests turned into full-scale riots known as the Whiskey Rebellion.
		A Bill to alter and amend an Act entitled, "An Act to ascertain and fix the military establishment of the United States", vetoed February 28, 1797, on the advice of Secretary of War James McHenry.
		Gordon Wood concludes that the greatest act in his life was his resignation as commander of the armies—an act that stunned aristocratic Europe.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=George_Washington (7260 words)

	1807 U.S. Law on Slave Trade (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		CHAP.XXII.-- An Act to prohibit the importation of slaves into any port or place within the jurisdiction of the United States, from and after the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and eight.
		Naval force of the U. States may be employed for the purpose of enforcing this act.
		The offence against the laws of the United States under the 7th section of the act of 1897, is not that of importing or bringing into the United States, persons of colour, with intent to hold such persons as slaves, but that of hovering on the coast of the United States with such intent.
	amistad.mysticseaport.org /library/govt.papers/legis/1807.act.barsslavetrade.html (688 words)

	Norfolk Naval Shipyard (NNSY)
		The mission of Norfolk Naval Shipyard is to: Provide logistic support for assigned ships and service craft; Perform work in connection with conversion, overhaul, repair, alteration, dry-docking, and outfitting of ships and craft;ÿ Perform manufacturing, research, development and test work; and Provide services and material to other activities and units.
		The Naval Shipyard at Portsmouth is located on the southern branch of the Elizabeth River approximately 8 nmi south-southeast of Naval Station, Norfolk.
		Norfolk Naval Shipyard continues its history of leadership by its newest role as a partner in the Regional Maintenance Concept which efficiently consolidates the shipyard's resources of skilled mechanics and production facilities and equipment with those of the military personnel and ships forces of the US Atlantic Fleet.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/facility/norfolk_sy.htm (3900 words)

	Norfolk Naval Shipyard (NSY)
		In 1794, Congress passed "An Act to Provide a Naval Armament" and the Gosport Shipyard was leased from the State of Virginia by the Federal Government.
		Congress passed an act for the gradual improvement of the Navy in 1827, and construction on one of the first two dry docks in the United States began at Gosport.
		Norfolk Naval Shipyard continues its history of leadership by its newest role as a partner in the Regional Maintenance Concept which efficiently consolidates the shipyard's resources of skilled mechanics and production facilities and equipment with those of the military personnel and ships forces of the U.S. Atlantic Fleet.
	www.fas.org /man/company/shipyard/norfolk.htm (673 words)

	The Sedition Act of 1798
		This became known as the XYZ affair and was the beginning of an undeclared naval war between France and the United States.
		Albert Gallatin said the Sedition Act was a weapon "to perpetuate their authority and preserve their present places." Proof that this bill was politically motivated became obvious when the House voted to extend the act from the original one year proposed to the expiration of John Adams term, March 3, 1801.
		With our established two-party system (in marked contrast to their conceptions of factions), the freedom of press as a well developed principle, and freedom of speech the cornerstone in American's sense of liberty; it seems that there would be a major revolt.
	www.studyworld.com /sedition_act_of_1798.htm (1724 words)

	george washington (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		As Gordon Wood concludes, the greatest act in his life was his resignation as commander of the armies--an act that stunned aristocratic Europe.
		Washington's failure to act publicly upon his growing private misgivings about slavery during his lifetime is seen by some historians as a tragically missed opportunity.
		To circumvent this problem, in 1794 he quietly sought to sell off his western lands and lease his outlying farms in order to finance the emancipation of his slaves, but this plan fell through because enough buyers and renters could not be found.
	hometown.aol.de /cokoladazak/wo-23504.html (7802 words)

	GW History
		In 1775, Congress appointed a Naval Committee and gave its members $500,000 to immediately purchase and arm four ships and to begin construction of 13 frigates, the largest type of American Warship to see action in the revolution.
		Ultimately, war would be averted and Washington would sign a treaty with the Regency of Algiers, paying $1 million ransom for the freedom of 115 sailors, but the need for protection of commercial fleets in an unfriendly world led to the Naval Construction Act of 1794.
		In Washington's eighth and final address to Congress, he stated: "To an active and external commerce, the protection of a naval force is indispensible." He called for the gradual creation of a Navy so that American trade would not find itself "in the same unprotected state" in furture European wars.
	www.geocities.com /srgock/history.html (1092 words)

	From Revolution to Reconstruction: Documents: JayTreaty 1794
		Concluded November 19, 1794; ratification advised by the senate with amendment June 24, 1795; ratified by the President; ratifications exchanged October 28, 1795; proclaimed February 29, 1796.
		And that the citizens of the said United States may freely carry on a trade between the said territories and the said United States, in all articles of which the importation or exportation respectively, to or from the said territories, shall not be entirely prohibited.
		The citizens of the United States shall pay for their vessels when admitted into the said ports no other or higher tonnage duty than shall be payable on British vessels when admitted into the ports of the United States.
	odur.let.rug.nl /~usa/D/1776-1800/foreignpolicy/jay.htm (2673 words)

	Sailors as Infantry in the U.S. Navy
		Naval infantry operated ashore regularly during the Quasi War with France, the War of 1812, Seminole Wars, the War with Mexico, the American Civil War, and the Spanish-American War.
		While naval reformers argued the question of what kind of fighting to train for, there was general agreement that naval infantry sustainability was normally limited to 2-3 days and operations were limited geographically.
		Most famously, a Naval Battalion, formed from the remnants of the shore establishment of the 16th Naval District in the Philippines, performed bravely and effectively on Bataan in late 1941 and early 1942.
	www.history.navy.mil /library/online/naval_infantry.htm (6235 words)

	George Washington - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		This issue was resolved in 1976 when Washington was, by Act of Congress, posthumously promoted to the rank of General of the Armies, outranking any past, present, and future general, and declared to permanently be the top-ranked military officer of the United States.
		The District of Columbia was created by an Act of Congress in 1790, and Washington was deeply involved in its creation, including the siting of the White House.
		The Washington Monument, one of the most well-known landmarks in the city, was built in his honor.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/g/e/o/George_Washington_2730.html (4543 words)

	The Coast Guard at War
		The act of 1 July 1797 authorized the President to employ the cutters to defend the seacoasts and to repel any hostility to the vessels and commerce of the United States.
		In recognition of this act of heroism, Congress authorized a gold medal for Lieutenant Newcomb, a silver medal for each of the officers, and a bronze medal for the enlisted members of the crew.
		She has acted in the capacity of ocean escort to no less than 18 convoys from Gibraltar comprising 350 vessels, with a loss of only two ships through enemy action.
	www.uscg.mil /hq/g-cp/history/h_CGatwar.html (5645 words)

	NAVAL MEDALS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Following the first major naval action of the war with Revolutionary France, "the Glorious First of June", King George III signified his intention of instituting a Naval Gold Medal to reward the admirals and captains who were conspicuous for courage in that action, as well as those who might distinguish themselves on future occasions.
		The names of all those, who may apply for the naval medal, will be classed alphabetically, and to each name will, be appended the actions at which the claimant may have been present, proof of which must be given to the entire satisfaction of the Board.
		When the ribbon is worn alone a miniature of the Cross is pinned on it, a bar being indicated by a second miniature worn beside the first (when first approved in 1916, a single miniature indicated the award of a bar; from 1917 this was changed to the current configuration).
	website.lineone.net /~cherbil/Misc/navmed.htm (1978 words)

	Alexander Hamilton at AllExperts
		In 1794 he designed a "bold initiative", the Jay Treaty that "ushered in a new era of prosperity for Anglo-American trade," and resolved left-over issues from the Revolution.
		Jay's Treaty of 1794 injected foreign policy into the party debates, with Hamilton and his party favoring Britain and denouncing the French Revolution, while the Jeffersonians tended to the opposite position.
		In 1794, Hamilton became intimately involved in an affair with Maria Reynolds that badly damaged his reputation.
	en.allexperts.com /e/a/al/alexander_hamilton.htm (6590 words)

	NAVetsUSA Naval History - USS Constitution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		One of the Navy's most historic relics, USS CONSTITUTION, berthed at Boston Naval Shipyard across the harbor from her birthplace, the old location of Hartt's Shipyard, stands as a fitting memorial to the glory of the Navy and seamen of long ago.
		In 1794, following the outbreak of war between France and Great Britain and five years after the adoption of the Constitution and the beginning of our government, Congress passed an act authorizing the building, or purchase of six war vessels.
		In the meantime, she is being kept under close observation to detect first signs of deterioration in her hull timbers, rigging and appurtenances.
	home.earthlink.net /~navetsusa/history/constitution.html (1668 words)

	MarineCorps1
		California's rich naval history proudly boasts two detachments of U.S. Marines as part of its Naval Militia.
		Following the Revolutionary War, a number of states maintained small warships, but the newly formed Republic had not a single armed vessel. It was not until March 1794 that Congress took steps to reactivate the Navy, authorizing the construction of six frigates, each of which was to have a detachment of Marines.
		As the Marines tell it, after the war, all that remained was a corps of mules and two battalions of Marines.
	www.homestead.com /calsmrnavhis/MarineCorps1.html (156 words)

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