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	Crimes Of War Project > The Book (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Under the traditional concept of blockade, a belligerent was entitled to proclaim a blockade of all or part of the enemy’s coast and to use warships to enforce that blockade.
		In order to be lawful, a naval blockade had to be formally declared and had to be effective, that is to say it had to be properly enforced by warships of the blockading State.
		The large body of law relating to naval blockades is not applicable to them, there is no provision for the confiscation of property from those seeking to supply the besieged area, and the emphasis is on stopping supplies from getting in, rather than cutting off exports.
	www.crimesofwar.org /thebook/blockade-act-war.html (821 words)

	Blockade - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Blockades are the cornerstone to nearly all military campaigns and the tool of choice for economic warfare on an opposing nation.
		Blockades can take any number of forms from a simple garrison of troops along a main roadway to utilizing dozens or hundreds of surface combatant ships in securing a harbor, denying its use to the enemy, and even in cutting off or jamming broadcast signals from radio or television.
		Blockade and the right to establish it is granted to belligerents under the traditional laws of war.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Blockade (918 words)

	Naval Warfare of World War I Encyclopedia Article @ Saluted.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The naval arms race between Britain and Germany to build dreadnought battleships in the early twentieth century is the subject of a number of books.
		Though little noticed, the naval campaign in the English Channel was of vital importance in permitting the maintenance of the British Army in France.
		The Germans mounted major naval attacks on the Gulf of Riga, unsuccessfully in August 1915 and successfully in October 1917, when they occupied the islands in the Gulf and damaged Russian ships departing from the city of Riga, recently captured by Germany.
	www.saluted.net /encyclopedia/Naval_warfare_of_World_War_I (2112 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Lebanon has ended, the naval blockade imposed in the past eight weeks will remain in effect for the time being.
		Sources from Olmert's office explained that it was decided to postpone the lifting of the naval blockade because Israel is still waiting for the arrival of the international forces, so that it may implement the weapons embargo on
		Following reports on the government’s decision to lift the blockade the families of the kidnapped IDF soldiers met with Prime Minster Ehud Olmert, who said the blockade would not be lifted but Israeli forces would be replace by international troops.
	www.ynetnews.com /articles/0,7340,L-3301167,00.html (467 words)

	Technology and naval blockade: past impact and future prospects Naval War College Review - Find Articles
		Until World War I maritime blockades were undertaken by states seeking to prevent the movement of ships or cargoes that would assist in the ability of adversaries to conduct international armed conflict.
		Blockade law evolved in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to regulate how states conducted blockades while concurrently safeguarding the rights of neutrals to use the open seas to conduct nonproscribed trade.
		New technologies had required blockading states to move farther from the adversary's coastline, and at the same time they promoted the use of submarines and mines as instruments of blockade, because they were relatively immune to countermeasures by the blockaded party.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0JIW/is_3_58/ai_n15674370 (819 words)

	[No title]
		Israel estimated that within a few hours the exchange would be complete, the naval blockade on Lebanon would be lifted, and Israeli gunships would begin to sail back to their naval bases.
		Livni said during a press conference that the question of the naval blockade was not a matter of timing but a matter of having the right conditions.
		The naval blockade on Lebanese shores began the day after the kidnapping of Eldad Regev and Ehud Goldwasser, and brought into effect one of the most significant means of pressure that the Israel Defense Forces imposed on the Lebanese government, to the point where it had harsh negative effects on Lebanese economy.
	www.ynetnews.com /articles/0,7340,L-3301376,00.html (634 words)

	Pakistan Times \| Top Story: Lebanon air blockade lifted, Naval Stays; Withdrawal Persists
		The blockade hampered rebuilding efforts in Lebanon, which is almost completely dependent on imports, and business leaders said it cost the country about $50 million a day.
		The Israeli army had strong reservations about lifting the blockade without linking it to the release of the captured soldiers, military officials said, speaking on condition of anonymity because their position contradicts that of the government.
		The blockade hampered rebuilding efforts after the Israeli offensive that killed hundreds of Lebanese, destroyed tens of thousands of homes and ravaged bridges and other infrastructure.
	www.pakistantimes.net /2006/09/08/top8.htm (1159 words)

	Naval Blockade (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Base Cost : 1 GB A blockading fleet prevents all overseas trade from the province it is blockading.
		Any merchant vessels running into a blockade can attempt to run the blockade, but this involves a naval engagement.
		Note that the blockade may upset other nations not directly involved, as their merchant vessels are disrupted.
	home.worldonline.dk /jaervosz/blockade.html (85 words)

	Israel lifts naval blockade of Lebanon coast after almost two months (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		BEIRUT (AP) - Israel lifted its nearly two-month naval blockade of Lebanon on Friday after European warships began patrolling to keep out weapons shipments for Hezbollah guerrillas, the head of the UN peacekeeping force said.
		In a further boost to the UN-brokered ceasefire, Israel said it would withdraw the last of its troops from Lebanon within two weeks, as a combined force of 15,000 Lebanese soldiers and an equal number of UN peacekeepers moves in.
		The setting up of an international naval force was a main demand by Israel to lift its sea blockade.
	www.cbc.ca /cp/world/060908/w090870.html (756 words)

	cbs2chicago.com - Israel Lifts Naval Blockade Of Lebanon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Alain Pellegrini, the force's French commander, said he was informed by Israeli officials, and by the Italian commander leading the naval task force, that the blockade had ended after nearly two months.
		The lifting of the blockade brings Israel's campaign against Hezbollah guerrillas closer to an end, and allows desperately needed reconstruction projects to proceed freely.
		Israel, yielding to intense international pressure, ended its air blockade of Lebanon on Thursday, but said it would maintain the naval blockade until international peacekeeping vessels arrived to monitor the seas.
	cbs2chicago.com /topstories/topstories_story_251055326.html (867 words)

	Battle of the Atlantic (1914-1918) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The First Battle of the Atlantic (1914–1918) was a naval campaign of World War I, largely fought in the seas around the British Isles and in the Atlantic Ocean.
		It was the far more effective British blockade of Germany over the same period which ultimately led to the food riots in Germany in late 1918, which put pressure on the German military to accept the 1918 Armistice terms.
		The negotiations went nowhere, and in early 1916, a blockade was established, with attacks limited to armed merchantmen.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/First_Battle_of_the_Atlantic (8359 words)

	Israel lifts air blockade, but keeps up seal on Lebanon's seaports - Africa & Middle East - International Herald ...
		He downplayed the sea blockade, expressing hope that issue would be resolved by Friday morning and that ships, too, can call on Lebanese ports.
		But logistical issues held up the start of patrols by the combined naval force, prompting Israel to delay the end of the naval blockade, Israeli officials said.
		not to lift the naval blockade in Lebanon at this stage until the naval forces that are slated to continue this closure in our place arrive," Olmert said in a statement issued by his office.
	www.iht.com /articles/ap/2006/09/07/africa/ME_GEN_Mideast.php (1057 words)

	Israel lifts Lebanon naval blockade
		Naval vessels from France, Greece and Italy will patrol for about two weeks until German naval forces arrive to take over the main duties.
		Israel said the blockade was aimed at preventing the arrival of arms shipments to Hezbollah during the conflict, which started after eight Israeli soldiers were killed and two seized during a July 12 cross-border Hezbollah raid.
		Israeli leaders had vowed to keep the air and naval blockade in place until the UN force was in place.
	www.cbc.ca /world/story/2006/09/08/mideast-blockade.html?ref=rss (1372 words)

	Amazon.com: By Sea and by River: The Naval History of the Civil War (Da Capo Paperback): Books: Bern Anderson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		What little reference there is to naval actions tends to be in the nature of trivia, such as the first submarine to sink a ship (C.S.S. Huntley), the first battle of ironclads in the Western World, the Monitor and Virginia (Merrimack) or songs about the daring Confederate raider, Alabama.
		The economic strangulation of the Confederacy, was achieved by the naval blockade.
		The effect of the raiders and the blockade on relations with foreign nations, with particular regard to the Confederate attempts to obtain recognition and aid are discussed.
	www.amazon.com /Sea-River-Naval-History-Paperback/dp/0306803674 (2743 words)

	The Mariners' Museum - Monitor: History and Legacy
		The primary strategy of Scott's plan was to create a complete naval blockade of the Southern states.
		Since a nation would never blockade its own ports, Lincoln was effectively recognizing the Confederacy as a sovereign nation, something he had tried to avoid doing by proclaiming the war as merely the suppression of a rebellion.
		The blockade was to remain central to the Union strategy, but land offensives would also be launched in an effort to take the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia.
	www.mariner.org /monitor/02_navalst/anaconda_plan.html (544 words)

	Newsvine - Lebanon Air Blockade Lifted; Naval Stays
		JERUSALEM — Israel said it lifted its nearly two-month-long air blockade of Lebanon on Thursday but kept its naval blockade in place until international forces can take over.
		First it was no end to blockade until Hizbullah disarmed (which was a good move).
		Then it was, no blockade at all unconditionally (which was bad).
	www.newsvine.com /_news/2006/09/07/354027-lebanon-air-blockade-lifted-naval-stays (1308 words)

	Israel Ends Naval Blockade on Lebanon
		The reopening of sea lanes to Lebanon, which the United Nations said took place in the early afternoon, came one day after Israel's blockade against air traffic was lifted, completing the end to suffocating restrictions imposed when war broke out between Israel and the Hezbollah militia on July 12.
		"The blockade has seriously undermined the Lebanese economy and it is high time for it to end so as to allow the people to get back to their businesses," said Gen. Alain Pellegrini, the commander of U.N. forces in Lebanon.
		Israel said it imposed the blockade to prevent arms shipments to Hezbollah, the militant Shiite Muslim movement that battled Israeli forces for 33 days in the rugged hills along the Lebanon-Israel border in a war that ended Aug. 14.
	www.truthout.org /docs_2006/090806T.shtml (910 words)

	[No title]
		The British Naval Blockade was definitely listed as one of, if not the, major cause for Germany's defeat.
		In WWI the blockade became complete in 1915, after Italy declared for the Allies and the Scandinavians & Dutch gave in to British pressure.
		The WWI blockade was very effective, and partly becuase Ludendorf became the de facto ruler of Germany.
	www.strategypage.com /messageboards/messages/539-19.asp (966 words)

	deseretnews.com \| Israel lifts air blockade over Lebanon
		"Without the complete lifting of the Israeli blockade, there is certain to be a massive humanitarian disaster for the 800,000 to 1 million Lebanese displaced as a result of the war," he said.
		Olmert on Thursday said he hopes international naval forces arrive quickly to allow Israel to lift its naval blockade.
		German naval forces are to patrol the coast.
	deseretnews.com /dn/view/0,1249,645199816,00.html (1038 words)

	Gulfnews: Israel lifts naval blockade
		The naval blockade of Lebanon has been lifted a day after Israel ended its restrictions on air travel into Lebanon.
		Occupied Jerusalem: Israel has lifted its naval blockade of Lebanon, imposed eight-weeks ago when it went to war with Hezbollah.
		He said, "The blockade has seriously undermined the Lebanese economy and it is high time for it to end so as to allow the people to get back to their business."
	archive.gulfnews.com /articles/06/09/08/10065958.html (168 words)

	New Wars: The Naval Blockade of Iran
		Ignoring the advice of his military advisors who called for air strikes and an amphibious invasion, President John Kennedy ordered the Navy to establish a “quarantine” or blockade around the island, in an attempt to force the Soviets’; hand.
		Naval forces could be used to stop the flow of oil from leaving Iranian ports.
		A naval quarantine would be more desirable, in that military force would be utilized without necessarily any attacks.
	newwars.blogspot.com /2006/01/naval-blockade-of-iran.html (378 words)

	FOXNews.com - Israel Lifts Naval Blockade of Lebanon - International News \| News of the World \| Middle East News \| ...
		BEIRUT, Lebanon — Israel lifted its nearly two-month naval blockade of Lebanon on Friday after European warships began patrolling to keep out weapons shipments for Hezbollah guerrillas, the head of the U.N. peacekeeping force said.
		In a further boost to the U.N.-brokered cease-fire, Israel said it would withdraw the last of its troops from Lebanon within two weeks, as a combined force of 15,000 Lebanese soldiers and an equal number of U.N. peacekeepers moves in.
		Israel turned over monitoring of Lebanon's coast to Italian naval vessels, who"will continue to enforce the international embargo against the supply of armaments to Hezbollah,"Israeli government spokeswoman Miri Eisin said.
	www.foxnews.com /wires/2006Sep08/0,4670,Mideast,00.html (1031 words)

	Israel lifts naval blockade of Lebanon - Turkish Daily News Sep 09, 2006
		Lebanon has demanded a lifting of the blockade to enable it to speed reconstruction of bridges, homes, roads and factories devastated during a 34-day war between Israel and Hezbollah.
		Israel imposed the blockade when it went to war with Hezbollah after guerrillas captured two of its soldiers in a cross-border raid on July 12.
		Italian and French naval vessels were expected to begin patrolling the coast until a German-led naval contingent can take over in line with a Lebanese request to the United Nations.
	www.turkishdailynews.com.tr /article.php?enewsid=53690 (635 words)

	News: Lebanon, Lebanon: Continued blockade restricts economy
		Reports in the Israeli press indicate the blockade may continue for months, until Israel ascertains that Hezbollah is not receiving supplies of weapons, which it claims are transferred from Iran through Syria.
		"Should the air and naval blockade continue along with a land blockade by Syria, Lebanon would be cut off from the world," said Homsi.
		Israel launched a military offensive and began a blockade on Lebanon on 12 July after two of its soldiers were captured by the armed wing of a Lebanese political party, Hezbollah.
	www.reliefweb.int /rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/LZEG-6SYQ5L?OpenDocument (475 words)

	UN Commander Confirms Lifting of Israeli Naval Blockade in Lebanon
		Israel has lifted its crippling naval blockade of Lebanon, a day after removing the air blockade.
		The move is seen as a boost to the three-week-old ceasefire between Israel and the Islamic militant group Hezbollah based in South Lebanon.
		The Israeli navy lifted the blockade of Lebanese ports that was imposed at the beginning of the war eight weeks ago.
	www.voanews.com /english/2006-09-08-voa22.cfm (405 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Middle East \| Israel eases blockade of Lebanon
		Israel said the air blockade was lifted at 1800 (1500 GMT) but a naval embargo would remain until a sufficient UN naval force was in place.
		Relatives of two Israeli soldiers, whose capture triggered the conflict, said the blockade should not be lifted until they had been freed.
		Correspondents say supervising Lebanon's airspace and coastline is the first major test for the UN force charged with keeping the peace and preventing arms shipments from reaching Hezbollah.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/low/middle_east/5323764.stm (703 words)

	USATODAY.com - Lebanon air blockade lifted; naval blockade stays in place for now (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		BEIRUT (AP) — Israel said it lifted its nearly two-month-long air blockade of Lebanon on Thursday but kept its naval blockade in place until international forces can take over.
		The militant Shiite group is widely believed to have received weapons and other support from its backers, Syria and Iran.
		By Ariel Schalit, AP An Israeli naval vessel, bottom, arrives Thursday at the Haifa Port in northern Israel.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/2006-09-07-mideast-blockade_x.htm?csp=34 (1070 words)

	The American Civil War Naval War
		While this portion of the Rebellion is little discussed, both the Federal and the Confederate Navies played a vital part in the war.
		The early establishment of the blockade and Farragut's capture of New Orleans not only brought about the economic strangulation of the South but also killed any hope the Confederates had of French intervention.
		A few of the Official Records that were associated with the Naval aspect of the war.
	www.civilwarhome.com /navalwar.htm (538 words)

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