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Topic: Naval mine

	Naval Mine History [AMCM]
		The naval mine (still called the torpedo) was the adopted by the Confederates and used effectively against the Federal Navy.
		Japan was completely unprepared to cope with these influence mines which saturated her home waters; and those not sunk by mines were either forced to stay in closed ports or divert to a few overcrowded ports where they were prey to attack by aircraft and submarine.
		Naval mines may not get the press coverage that carriers, missiles and submarines receive, but they remain the most inexpensive and prolific weapon for control of the seas.
	members.aol.com /helmineron/minehist.htm (1029 words)

	Naval mine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Limpet mines are a special form of contact mine which are attached to the target by magnets and left, and are so named because of the superficial similarity to the mollusk limpet.
		The mines are usually equipped to be turned into "normal" mines with a switch (which prevents the enemy from simply capturing the controlling station and deactivating the mines), detonated by hand or be allowed to detonate on their own.
		This deep-water mine is laid by aircraft or submarine, and is anchored to the ocean floor.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Naval_mine (4540 words)

	Mines
		Mine warfare began in 1776 when David Bushnell invented the "Bushnell's Keg." This primitive mine was composed of a watertight keg filled with fl powder and a flintlock detonator which was suspended from a float.
		However, at the instant a mines is released from the aircrafts bomb rack, the arming wires are withdrawn, leaving the mine with the potential to arm.
		Air-delivered mines may be fitted with a parachute and tail fins to lessen the impact as it strikes the water.
	www.fas.org /man/dod-101/sys/ship/weaps/mines.htm (2286 words)

	Wikinfo \| Naval mine (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Naval mines are anti-ship or anti-submarine weapons which, like landmines, are static weapons deposited and left to wait until they are triggered by the approach of an enemy ship.
		Early mines had mechanical mechanisms to detonate them, but these were superseded in the 1870s by the Hertz Horn which was found to work reliably even after the mine had been in the sea for several years.
		The first self-acting non-contact mines appeared at the end of the First World War and were detonated by the vertical component of the natural magnetic field of a ship passing overhead.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Naval_mine (1811 words)

	Defense Issues: Volume 11, Number 69-- Three Musts for Affordable Naval Mine Warfare (Site not responding. Last check: )
		When it comes to meaningful support of the naval mine warfare mission, it has been my sense that it is easy to talk about why, harder to talk about how and even harder to do.
		One of the major conclusions reached by the DSB was that sea mines pose a significant threat to 21st century forces.
		Naval mine warfare is a vital part of this nation's defenses.
	www.defenselink.mil /speeches/1996/s19960611-kaminski.html (3016 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Naval Mine Warfare: Operational and Technical Challenges for Naval Forces (2001)
		Naval mines can be used strategically, channeling or denying passage through restricted waters and in and out of ports needed for sustenance by littoral nations.
		Naval Mine Warfare: Operational and Technical Challenges for Naval Forces Operational Considerations for Mine Warfare In reviewing future concepts and possible scenarios, the committee was impressed by the number and diversity of operational drivers basic to the conduct of effective mine warfare activities.
		Naval Mine Warfare: Operational and Technical Challenges for Naval Forces tions both overseas and, should the occasion arise, in U.S. waters; and the Air Force is trained and its bombers are configured to quickly deliver large quantities of naval mines.
	www.nap.edu /openbook/0309075785/html/17.html (2809 words)

	Naval Mine Sweeping
		Active mine countermeasures are carried out by either equipment designed to detonate or remove mines which is towed or carried through the mined area, or minehunting gear is used to detect and locate mines so that they may be disposed of at once or at a later time.
		Initially the process of using a mechanical gear to physically contact the mine or its appendages to cut the mine mooring, detonate or otherwise remove the mine from the area was called minesweeping.
		The invention and consecutive use of the influence mine (magnetic, acoustic, pressure or combination) required a minesweeping gear able to produce an influence field or fields of sufficient magnitude to actuate the mines detection system and so detonate the mine.
	www1.eguermin.org /training/nms.asp (258 words)

	Naval Technology - Mine Warfare Vessels Image Gallery
		Seafox in attack position at moored mine (top), Seafox in attack position at ground mine (bottom).
		A mine is identified and neutralised by the remote detonation of a mine disposal charge.
		The main mission is the clearance of mines in the entrance to ports, naval bases and coastal sea lanes.
	www.naval-technology.com /projects/minewarfarevessels_gallery.html (675 words)

	Mine Warfare: First World War (Site not responding. Last check: )
		However, as the Allied ships rotated through their firing positions in the narrow strait, the French battleship Bouvet hit a mine (some reports stated that she was hit by shellfire) and sank with most of her crew in an area that the British believed had been swept earlier.
		The British battle cruiser Inflexible struck another mine and was badly damaged, although she eventually made it to Malta for repairs.
		Though the naval push through the Dardanelles was effectively over in March 1915, mines continued to have an effect on Aegean operations for some time to come.
	www.exwar.org /Htm/8000PopJ3.htm (1023 words)

	The Paradigm of Naval Mine Countermeasures: A Study in Stagnation
		Significant deficiencies in the development of naval mine countermeasures doctrine have hampered the effective employment of naval forces in both blue water and littoral operations for many years.
		This mine type also posed, perhaps for the first time, a strategic threat as variants of the rising mines were built for antisubmarine employment and thus posed a credible threat to the SSBN fleet.
		In naval operations it is just as critical to know where the mines are, as well as where they are not.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/library/report/1997/Griner.htm (9323 words)

	Vision...Presence...Power (Chapter 3 continued) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Mine warfare concepts under development underscore the Navy’s goal to provide effective, proactive mine countermeasures (MCM) to avoid or eliminate the mine threat during all phases of forward-deployed operations.
		Mine operations will include a synergistic use of intelligence, strategic mapping and surveillance, tactical surveillance and reconnaissance, self-protection initiatives organic to non-MCM forces, and dedicated mine countermeasures forces to clear unavoidable mines and mine fields.
		As recognized by the Institute for Defense Analysis in late 1997, mining is also a force multiplier in today’s and tomorrow’s conflict scenarios, and proposals are being addressed to enhance the Navy’s mining capabilities.
	www.chinfo.navy.mil /navpalib/policy/vision/vis99/v99-ch3f.html (1701 words)

	The Dardanelles Campaign, NWC Review, Summer 1998 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Naval officers must not only understand the increased magnitude of the threat that sea mines pose to their ability to conduct littoral operations but also take the steps necessary to improve mine warfare capability.
		Mines are a simple and economical means of contesting littoral waters, but they are only one component of an effective littoral defense against power projection from the sea.
		The mines were defended by the fixed guns of the intermediate forts and by mobile artillery.
	www.nwc.navy.mil /press/Review/1998/summer/art6su98.htm (6453 words)

	Appendix I: Mine Warfare Organizations
		Mine countermeasures forces need to be fully trained and integrated to meet the operational requirements of forward presence, rapid contingency response, and rapid follow-on deployment.
		Collectively, mine warfare-experienced 1140 officers, with their counterpart surface and air MCM officers (1110 and 1310 designated officers, respectively) serving in surface and airborne MCM squadrons and on mine warfare staffs, form the core of operational expertise from which dedicated MCM operations are conducted today.
		The VSW MCM Detachment, initially comprised of EOD, Naval Special Warfare, and USMC Reconnaissance divers and marine mammals is responsible for developing tactics, techniques, and procedures for MCM operations in the VSW zone and for achieving a capability to rapidly mobilize to embark deployed amphibious task groups during contingencies where these capabilities might be needed.
	www.exwar.org /Htm/ConceptDocs/Navy_USMC/MWP4thEd/appendix_i.htm (2355 words)

	Mine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		MINE, a design firm in San Francisco [1]
		MINE (movie), and MINE 2 (movie), a series of Movies, made using the video game, Battlefield 2
		This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mine (115 words)

	British Naval Minelaying in World War 2, including submarines and coastal craft
		For mines laid by aircraft, the proportion was 72% for 87% of total casualties.
		Antenna mines (See Appendix 2) were to be used in the Northern Barrier as fewer would be needed to achieve the same effect.
		Combinations of magnetic and acoustic influence ground mines were in general use by 1945 and greatly added to the problems faced by enemy defence forces.
	www.naval-history.net /xGM-Ops-Minelaying.htm (5962 words)

	Mine Warfare
		The North Sea Mine Barrage, a large minefield laid by the U.S. Navy and Royal Navy between Scotland and Norway during World War I inhibited the movement of the German U-boat fleet.
		Mines released by U.S. Navy submarines and dropped by U.S. Army Air Forces B-29 bombers in the Western Pacific during World War II sank hundreds of Japanese warships, merchant ships, and smaller vessels.
		The Korean War showed clearly that in the future the sea mine would be the weapon of choice for many of the U.S. Navy's adversaries and a fixture of late 20th century naval warfare.
	www.history.navy.mil /wars/korea/minewar.htm (1556 words)

	Demine Web Site
		Monterey, CA The Naval Postgraduate School, the Office of Naval Research, and the Program Executive Officer,Littoral and Mine Warfare, are pleased to announce the Eighth International Symposium on Technology and the Mine Problem at Monterey, California, May 6-8, 2008.
		We are also pleased to announce that Commander, Naval Mine and Anti-submarine Warfare Command has agreed to become an operational sponsor and that we shall also again have strong emphasis on aspects of Port Security.
		The focus of this symposium is emerging technologies that have potential application to naval mine countermeasures, land countermine (including neutralization of controlled landmines and standoff influence landmines) and detection and neutralization of unexploded ordnance.
	www.demine.org (1851 words)

	Sea Mines & Countermeasures in the 20th Century : A Bibliography : Mine Warfare : Books (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Proceedings of the Autonomous Vehicles in Mine Countermeasures Symposium.
		Capehart, E.E. The Mine Defense of Santiago Harbor.
		Mines and Countermines, U.S.N. [Newport, RI: Naval Torpedo Station], 1902.
	library.nps.navy.mil /home/bibs/seamines/warfarebook.htm (1092 words)

	Estonian Defence Forces - BALTRON - the Baltic Naval Squadron
		BALTRON was created as Baltic Naval Squadron to minimise mine hazards, enhance security of the Baltic States territorial waters and help to remediate environmental damage in the territorial waters and economic zones of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
		The staff positions are rotated between the naval officers of the three states.
		This helps to ensure an equal participation of the navies involved in the project, the participants also gain an equal share of experience to be able to act in accordance with the internationally established terms of co-operation.
	www.mil.ee /index_eng.php?s=baltron (511 words)

	Fifth International Symposium
		The Naval Postgraduate School is a U.S. Department of Defense facility.
		All attendees should enter the Naval Postgraduate School at he 10th Street gate on Sloat avenue in Monterey CA, pproximately one block from King Hall auditorium.
		Procedures for submissions of visit requests to the Naval Postgraduate School for the symposium are included in that manual.
	www.demine.org /meetings/Apr2002 (456 words)

	Welcome to Naval Mine Warfare And Fleet Training Center: Charleston, S.C.
		Naval Mine Warfare And Fleet Training Center: Charleston, S.C. The 20th Century began with the United States assuming a role as a global power for the first time, with that role confirmed and expanded through two world wars.
		The need to project naval power came with this role, and in turn a requirement for extensive shore establishments to support a global fleet presence.
		These ranged in size and longevity from major bases such as San Diego and Norfolk, which have long boasted a large naval presence, to temporary bases in the Pacific and the Mediterranean in World War II, and Southeast Asia during the Vietnam Conflict.
	www.military.com /HomePage/UnitPageFullText/1,13476,203238,00.html (143 words)

	Sea Mines & Countermeasures in the 20th Century : A Bibliography : Minesweepers And Minesweeping : Books (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Eigell, Robert W. Mine Disposal in the United States Navy: A Thumbnail Sketch of Mine Disposal.
		Washington, DC: Naval Historical Center, Dept. of the Navy, 1993.
		Petersen, Charles C. The Soviet Union and the Reopening of the Suez Canal: Mineclearing Operations in the Gulf of Suez.
	library.nps.navy.mil /home/bibs/seamines/sweepbook.htm (629 words)

	Home
		The Naval Minewarfare Association was founded on December 5, 1982, in San Antonio, Texas, during the Pearl Harbor Survivors Association convention.
		Many of the charter members were from the Oglala (CM 4), flagship of Mine Squadron One, which was damaged and sunk during the attack on Pearl Harbor.
		The Naval Minewarfare Association is a nonprofit organization supported entirely by membership dues and donations from members and nonmembers.
	www.navalminewarfareassociation.com (418 words)

	Sixth International Symposium on Technology and the Mine Problem (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Sixth Monterey International Symposium on Technology and the Mine Problem is planned for May 9-13, 2004.
		All attendees should enter the Naval Postgraduate School at the 3rd Street gate on Sloat Avenue in Monterey CA, approximately six blocks from King Hall auditorium.
		To verify visit approval by the Naval Postgraduate School, send your inquiry to approximately two weeks after original submission of your visit request to your defense attache’s office.
	minwara.org /Meetings/2004_05/2004_05_Symposium.htm (928 words)

	Naval Mine and Anti-Submarine Warfare Command
		Rear Admiral Frank M. Drennan is the Commander, Naval Mine and Anti-Submarine Command, headquartered at Naval Base Point Loma, Naval Mine and Anti-Submarine Warfare Command Complex, San Diego, California.
		NMAWC functions as the War Fighting Center of Excellence for Mine and Anti-Submarine Warfare by focusing efforts across numerous resource sponsors, systems commands, research labs and operational commands to ensure supremacy in Mine Warfare and ASW.
		A native of Elberton, Ga., Rear Adm. Drennan graduated in 1976 from the U.S. Naval Academy with a Bachelor of Science degree in Aerospace Engineering.
	www.nmawc.navy.mil /Commander.htm (377 words)

	Jane's Naval Forces News
		The global magazine of naval operations and technology, offering timely, accurate and impartial coverage of key operations, technology and procurement issues as they affect maritime security.
		This comprehensive reference source is crucial for threat assessment and market intelligence, offering accurate data on naval weapons and related systems, currently in service or available on the market.
		The commander of US naval operations in the Pacific says his ships offering aid to Myanmar might leave if the government continues to refuse permission to deliver relief
	navalforces.janes.com (650 words)

	The US Navy -- Commander, Naval Mine & Anti-Submarine Warfare Command
		Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) Adm. Gary Roughead finished a week-long visit throughout the U.S. Naval Forces Europe (NAVEUR) region with a visit to Naval Support Activity Naples, June 23-24.
		Chief of Naval Operations (CNO), Adm. Gary Roughead is visiting Israel from June 21-24 at the invitation of Israel Navy Commander, Vice Adm. Eli Marum, to strengthen and further develop global maritim...
		GULF OF ADEN, Yemen (NNS) -- USS Russell (DDG 59) responded to a vessel in distress between Bossasso, Somalia and the Yemeni coast in the Gulf of Aden June 8.
	www.navy.mil /local/cmwc (1128 words)

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