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	Nazi architecture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nazi architecture was an integral part of the Nazi party's plans to create a cultural and spiritual rebirth in Germany as part of the Third Reich.
		Nazi Architecture in its crudest sense was either a squared-off version of neo-classical architecture, or a mimicry of völkisch buildings and structures.
		Nazi architecture was also both in appearance and symbolically intimidating, an instrument of conquest; total architecture was an extension of total war (Lehmann-Haupt 111).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nazi_architecture (8268 words)

	Read about Architecture at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Architecture and learn about Architecture here! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In Vitruvius' words, "Architecture is a science, arising out of many other sciences, and adorned with much and varied learning: by the help of which a judgement is formed of those works which are the result of other arts".
		Vernacular architecture today falls under this mode and still continues to be produced in many parts of the world.
		They felt that architecture was not a personal philosophical or aesthetic pursuit by individualists; rather it had to consider everyday needs of people and use technology to give a livable environment.
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Architecture (1839 words)

	Nazi Germany - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the control of the National Socialist German Workers Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP)), or Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as chancellor and head of state.
		The Nazi regime was characterized by political control of every aspect of society in a quest for racial (Aryan, Nordic), social and cultural purity.
		Although Nazi hubris is often cited, Hitler presumably sought the further support of Japan and was convinced of the United States' aggressive intentions following the leaking of Rainbow Five and hearing the forboding anti-German content of Franklin Roosevelt's Pearl Harbor speech.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nazi_Germany (4618 words)

	Architecture and design in Nazi Germany
		Nazi architecture consisted of two phases between 1936 and 1940, firstly, the great set pieces of party edifies and secondly, the plans for Berlin, Nuremberg and Munich, the key cities of the Third Reich.
		Official Nazi policy required a monumental neo classical solution to big buildings while local housing was to be in the vernacular of the area.
		It was designed to become the ultimate architectural realization of National Socialist ideology, and it had a giant avenue from south to north, which was the highlight of the new city.
	www.geocities.com /rr17bb/hitler.html (787 words)

	Emeritus papers at Bryn Mawr College
		I offer a different interpretation of the origins of modern architecture, one that focuses on Germany and the Scandinavian countries, on architects' ties to a particular view of history, on their ideas of community and utopia, on their nationalism, and on continuities between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
		The reality of the Nazi Volksgemeinschaft was demonstrated at the party congresses that took place every year in which regimented masses marched toward war and holocaust, joining in exclusionary and racist hatred.
		Nazi architecture and Nazi ideology perverted the ideas of National Romanticism.
	www.brynmawr.edu /emeritus/gather/Lane/lane.html (4737 words)

	Nazi Propaganda (1933-1945)
		Nazi Meetings from the speaker's viewpoint: All was not well in 1937.
		Ceremonies for the youth: Nazi rites of passage from 1939.
		Nazi commemoration of the war dead: A sample speech from 1944.
	www.calvin.edu /academic/cas/gpa/ww2era.htm (2289 words)

	Free Essay Impact of Naziism on Architechture and Art
		The Nazis believed that art and architecture would be an important factor in the large propaganda operation they planned to operate.
		This exertion of influence by the Nazis and the mass book burning ordered by propaganda minister Josef Goebbels in 1933 served as a warning to many artists that their work would not be welcome in the "new" Germany.
		After the book burning the Nazis next step toward changing Germanys art was to "cleanse" all of her art galleries of any art which was not to the Nazis liking.
	www.echeat.com /essay.php?t=25498 (1470 words)

	Moving the Image: Visual Culture and the New Millennium
		Through the new architectural projects for the city of Heidelberg, the Nazis intended to strengthen the belief in cultural values and the willingness to defend them as carriers of their ideology.
		As a result of the similarity of the architectural elements used by Freese in his designs, it was possible to re-use the same windows, pilasters and friezes created for one building in all other buildings in the street.
		The creation of the content of the Architecture Base is a challenge to all historical disciplines: architectural and urban history, preservation of cultural heritage and the representation of history by one medium, which is able to collate and manage various kinds of information.
	www.chart.ac.uk /chart2000/papers/weinmann.html (3525 words)

	2blowhards.com: Aurbach on Krier
		By asserting the glory of traditional western architecture and neighborhoods, and by arguing that modernism is a mistake based on a mistake, Leon Krier became a lightning rod for criticism from the establishment.
		On the contrary it was the civilized face, the aesthetic and cultured façade of this empire of lies, and was used by the regime to implant its totalitarian rule in the captivated soul of the masses.
		I believe that these architectural forms, and the 'moral language' (honest y of form, etc)developed to justify their adoption as proper forms for various institutional functions, if I am not mistaken, were conceived in Weimar Germany and in France betweem the wars.
	www.2blowhards.com /archives/001908.html (5652 words)

	harvard design magazine • current issue (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The museums, documentation centers, and exhibitions addressing the Nazi period we see emerging in increasing numbers are the most recent attempt at collective therapy in a half-century shift from suppression to disclosure.
		The architectural concept of the Jewish Museum is embodied in the figure of a lightning bolt.
		The Nazis were eager to associate themselves with the former glories of Nuremberg as an important site of the Imperial Diets during the Middle Ages, and the city’s central location, open spaces, and excellent transport facilities guaranteed crowds of around one million during the weeklong convocation each September.
	www.gsd.harvard.edu /research/publications/hdm/current/19_ondesign.html (6472 words)

	Munich (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Throughout the Third Reich period, Munich remained the spiritual capital of the Nazi movement, with headquarters buildings, museums to house the forms of artworks approved by Adolf Hitler, and shrines to the attempted Nazi putsch in November 1923.
		Following the Nazi rise to power, special "Temples of Honor" were built on the Königsplatz, and the sixteen dead were interred there.
		The Kongressaal of the Deutsches Museum was the scene of a state funeral for Adolf Wagner, Nazi leader of Munich and Upper Bavaria, 17 April 1944.
	www.thirdreichruins.com /munich.htm (2418 words)

	Deconstructing Nazi Architecture \| Culture & Lifestyle \| Deutsche Welle \| 13.11.2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In 1935 in Nuremberg, the Nazis built the "Congress Hall", designed to be 60 metres high and to hold more than 50,000 people.
		This building, once the Nazi party's breeding grounds for mass propaganda and self-glorification, is situated on the former Nazi Party Rally Grounds in the city of Nuremberg.
		However, it is this raw, unfinished state, behind the mythology and glorification of the Nazi party which somehow manages to show just the banality of the whole Nazi set-up.
	www.dw-world.de /dw/article/0,,325477,00.html (689 words)

	From Holocaust to German Unification
		July 19, 1937, the Nazis opened an exhibition in Munich with famous paintings and sculptures from 1920’s and 30’s (Paul Klee, Otto Dix, Wassily Kandinsky, Franz Marc, Oskar Kokoschka, Emil Nolde).
		It was the ideal manifestation of the Nazi ideology: of culture and politics.
		The Nazis’ ability to transform many elements of traditional conservative German cultural values into their own revolutionary context.This was one reason for the emergence of totalitarianism.
	www2.mcdaniel.edu /german/1125/studyguide1.htm (2401 words)

	The Lawrentian
		Eisman remarked that Hitler was a lifelong fan of architecture and an aspiring artist until the age of eighteen, when he was not admitted to an art school in Vienna.
		Eisman noted that Nazi architecture like the cathedral of light, which used searchlights borrowed from the Luftwaffe in an indoor extravaganza of pageantry, and the grounds for the 1936 Olympic Games, were intentionally designed to dwarf the individual, placing a greater emphasis on society as a whole.
		Eisman concluded her lecture by commenting that Nazi Germany used art to lend a human face to the savage Nazi regime and that it played a central role in German politics.
	www.lawrence.edu /sorg/lawrentian/030201-AE3.html (888 words)

	Art Approved of by the Third Reich
		Examples of Nazi art including four sculptures by Arno Breker (The Guard, The Warrior Departs, The Party and The Army, Preparedness), Adolph Wissel's Farm Family from Kahlenberg, Hubert Lanzinger's The Flag Bearer, Albert Janesh 's Water Sports, and Ernst Liebermann's By the Water.
		He viewed himself as the "master builder of the Third Reich." Among the surviving examples of Nazi architecture is the Olympic stadium complex in Berlin.
		Nazi filmmakers also turned their cameras on their victims, methodically reducing the popular perception of Jews to that of vermin, fit only for extermination.
	fcit.coedu.usf.edu /holocaust/arts/artReich.htm (1198 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Nazi Art and Architecture - Article from the Grove Dictionary of Art, which can be accessed from Online Resources on the Library Webpage.
		Resistance of the heart : intermarriage and the Rosenstrasse protest in Nazi Germany.
		The face of the Third Reich; portraits of the Nazi leadership.
	library.brynmawrschool.org /WorHisAP-5_2003.htm (466 words)

	cv
		April 9, 1998: "Architectural Policy and the Destruction of the European Jews."Lecture in the series 'Art in the Holocaust: Expression Under Constraint,' co-sponsored by the Mary and Leigh Block Gallery, Northwestern University, and the Bernard and Rochelle Zell Center for Holocaust Studies at the Spertus Institute of Jewish Studies, Chicago, Illinois.
		January 28, 1995:"The Ideological and Punitive Function of Architecture for the SS."Paper presented at the symposium "Architecture and Institutions,"University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia.
		June 4-6, 1992:"The Architectural Policy of the SS and Albert Speer's Plans for Berlin in National Socialist Germany."Midwest Graduate Seminar in German Studies, Goethe-Institut, Chicago, Illinois.
	condor.depaul.edu /~pjaskot/cv.html (1687 words)

	City Comforts, the blog: Do you believe everything you read on a blog?
		He is sensitive to these allusions because, though neither he nor his father were Nazis, Austria was on the enemy side in the war.
		Andrei Codrescu, in Architecture magazine, asserted that the Louisiana State Capitol was an expression of proto-despotism.
		The Krier piece on 2Blowhards was an abstract of an essay from a Yale conference held in November 2002.
	citycomfortsblog.typepad.com /cities/2005/04/2blowhardscom_g.html (3231 words)

	The Daily Californian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A UC Berkeley architecture professor who was denied tenure in 1997 has filed a lawsuit against the UC Board of Regents, alleging his designs were labeled "Nazi architecture" by a fellow academic.
		He said he accepted the position in the belief, fostered by UC Berkeley officials, that after serving as an acting assistant professor for a short period, he would be on the tenure track.
		The lawsuit also claims some members of the architecture department were actively and personally biased toward Neis.
	www.dailycal.org /particle.php?id=3149 (518 words)

	Nazi Party and Nazi Propaganda
		Find out about the Nazi Party, their activities and Nazi propaganda.
		The art developed by the Nazi to go along with the anniversary of Hitler's 1923 Beer Hall Putsch.
		Propaganda was used to establish the Nazi way of thinking and acting in everyday life.
	www.germanculture.com.ua /library/links/naziparty.htm (91 words)

	Axis History Forum :: View topic - Is there anything Albert Speer/Nazi architecture left? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This was aparently due to the fact that even though Hitler giving Speer the orders to build these wonderful monuments he did not include the nessesary money, and aparently a lot of his work fell into ruin after only a few years.
		It is a wonderful contradiction for me, because Speer was able through his personal friendship with Hitler to demonstrate his brilliant tallent for architecture but he was not given the resourses to complete his commisions as I'm sure he would have liked.
		He completed his architectural studies at the Institute of Technology in Berlin-Charlottenburg and became assistant to Professor Heinrich Tessenow, a champion of simple craftsmanship in architecture.
	forum.axishistory.com /viewtopic.php?t=58656 (1725 words)

	Misc. Sites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The sites in Part 4 include bunker sites and a Nazi war memorial in Bavaria, air-raid shelter bunkers in Fürth (Bavaria), sites in Goslar, Braunschweig and elsewhere (Lower Saxony), Nazi Finance School in Herrsching (Bavaria), and Göring's castle in Bavaria.
		The main post office featured Nazi mosaics in the grand hall; the building is still there but the mosaics are gone now.
		Ochsenfurt, on the Main River south of Würzburg, was the scene of Nazi May Day (Tag der Arbeit) marches.
	www.thirdreichruins.com /misc_sites.htm (2220 words)

	CongressCATH 2004: Contradictions in the Story of Nazi Architecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This myth is replicated in performative depictions of nazi architecture in which the purpose and effect of the totalitarian function is compressed into one.
		Viewed from this perspective, nazi architecture comes to embody and express the contradictions and structural weaknesses inherent within the nazi regime and its mutifarious 'philosphical' underpinnings.
		By offering a challenge to the mythology of domination, an equally important challenge is made to the domination of mythology prevalent in many accounts of nazism and the holocaust.
	www.leeds.ac.uk /cath/congress/2004/programme/abs/139.shtml (153 words)

	2blowhards.com: Guest Posting -- Leon Krier (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		If one was going to criticize classical architecture from a cultural standpoint, it would make far more sense to critize it not for its associations with Nazi Germany, but for symbolizing the power of the aggressive state, the most notable example of which is of course the Roman Empire.
		The three great continental pioneers of modern architecture, Walter Gropius, the founder of the Bauhaus, Mies van der Rohe and Le Corbusier were deeply compromised by their dealings with the Nazis or with Vichy.After Hitler came to power in 1933, Gropius hung on in Germany till late 1934, Mies till 1938.
		Their hopes were not as vain as they appear in retrospect; the Nazi Party was split on the politics of culture.
	www.2blowhards.com /archives/001945.html (4944 words)

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