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Topic: Near Field Communication

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	NXP Semiconductors
		Evolving from a combination of contactless identification and networking technologies, Near Field Communication (NFC) is a wireless connectivity technology that enables convenient short-range communication between electronic devices.
		NFC offers the ultimate in convenience for connecting all types of consumer devices and enables rapid and easy communications.
		NFC is central to NXP's vision of a world where everyone can always connect to information, entertainment and services - anytime and anywhere.
	www.nxp.com /products/identification/nfc (864 words)

	Near and far field - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the study of diffraction and antenna design, the near field is that part of the radiated field that is within one quarter of a wavelength of the diffracting edge or the antenna.
		In the study of diffraction and antenna design, the near field is that part of the radiated field that is within a small number of wavelengths of the diffracting edge or antenna.
		The diffraction pattern in the near field typically differs significantly from that observed at infinity and varies with distance from the source.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Near-field_region (296 words)

	Near field communication - Wikipedia
		Near field communication (NFC) is een slimme vorm van RFID.
		Near field communication zal toegepast worden in mobiele telefoons als betaalmiddel en ticketsysteem.
		In de NFC chip zal dan aangegeven zijn dat er een ticket gekocht is. Dit ticketsysteem zal getest worden in het lokale busvervoer van Hanau (Duitsland).
	nl.wikipedia.org /wiki/Near_field_communication (266 words)

	Near Field Communication - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Near Field Communication Technology or NFC jointly developed by Sony and Philips was approved as an ISO/IEC standard on December 8, 2003.
		Near Field Communication Technology holds the promise of bringing true mobility to consumer electronics in an intuitive and psychologically comfortable way since the devices can hand-shake only when brought literally into touching distance.
		In addition to the original modes of Active (bidirectional) and Passive (one-way) communications it is now apparent that they have introduced a third mode of operation: Transponder.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Near_Field_Communication (304 words)

	Personal Area Networks: Near-field intrabody communication
		Far-field (radio) communication is more susceptible to eavesdropping and interference than near-field communication due to the former's propagation properties: an isotropic radio transmitter propagates energy with a signal strength that decreases with distance squared, whereas near-field strength decreases with distance cubed.
		A communication network is judged primarily by channel capacity, with a theoretical limit defined by the Hartley-Shannon law [5] C = Blog(1 + S/N), where C is channel capacity in bits/second, B is bandwidth, S is signal, and N is noise.
		When the woman and man depicted in the figure are in close proximity, particularly when they shake hands, an electric circuit is completed, allowing picoamp signals to pass from the transmitter through her body, to his body, to the receiver by his foot, and back through the earth ground.
	www.research.ibm.com /journal/sj/353/sectione/zimmerman.html (3131 words)

	Near Field Communication
		Near Field Communication : NFC technology enables touch-based interaction with electronic devices in terms of data transfer, secure transactions, and the downloading of rich content.
		Near Field Communication is also compatible to the broadly established contactless smart card infrastructure.
		The NFC Forum is a non-profit industry association founded by Nokia Corporation, Royal Philips Electronics and Sony Corporation to advance the use of NFC short-range wireless interaction in consumer electronics, mobile devices and PCs.
	www.yenra.com /near-field-communication (559 words)

	NNCO SPECTATOR » Near Field Communication Debut (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		With the Nokia 3220 and the NFC (Near Field Communication) shell on their phone, consumers will be able to access a variety of services and exchange information with a simple touch gesture.
		NFC technology is standardized in ISO 18092, ISO 21481, ECMA (340, 352 and 356) and ETSI TS 102 190.
		NFC is also compatible to contactless smart card infrastructure based on ISO 14443 A, i.e.
	www.techturnarounds.com /index.php?p=87 (156 words)

	Near Field Communication -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Near Field Communication Technology holds the promise of bringing true mobility to consumer electronics in an intuitive and (Click link for more info and facts about psychological) psychologically comfortable way since the devices can hand-shake only when brought literally into touching distance.
		NFC can be used to configure and initiate other wireless network connections such as (Click link for more info and facts about Bluetooth) Bluetooth or (A local area network that uses high frequency radio signals to transmit and receive data over distances of a few hundred feet; uses ethernet protocol) WiFi
		In addition to the original modes of Active (two directional) and Passive (one way) communications it is now apparent that they have introduced a third mode of operation: A ie.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/n/ne/near_field_communication.htm (271 words)

	Near Field Communication - NFC-Research
		NFC Research on TV Gerald Reischl and Roman Rafreider presented the applications of the NFC field trial in Hagenberg.
		December 1st, 2006 was a joyful day for the NFC Research Team and an acknowledgment for over one year of successful work: the Austrian Research Promotion Agency FFG approved the proposal for a two-year follow-up research project in the field of Near Field Communication.
		The first phase of the NFC Trial at the Campus of the University of Applied Sciences has been launched on October 23rd 2006.
	www.nfc-research.at (436 words)

	Nokia Unveils Near Field Communication Product (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Nokia is introducing its initial Near Field Communication (NFC) product, and will test the device in a wireless ticketing trial with a public transportation authority in Germany.
		NFC evolved from a combination of RFID and interconnection technologies, making it possible to connect any two devices to exchange information or access content and services simply by bringing them close together.
		NFC operates in the 13.56 MHz range and is designed to work other wireless protocols, such as Bluetooth and 802.11 (Wi-Fi), so that devices can communicate at longer ranges or transfer data at higher rates.
	www.phonecardsavers.com /pcs-news/nov-news/041103-pcsnews.htm (474 words)

	Via Licensing Corporation Begins Process to Form Near Field Communication Patent Licensing Pool (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The NFC technology evolved from a combination of contactless identification and interconnection technologies, operating in the 13.56 MHz frequency range over a distance of typically a few centimeters.
		NFC is also compatible with the broadly established contactless smart card infrastructure based on ISO 14443 A, i.e.
		The Near Field Communication (NFC) Forum is a global standards development and advocacy group dedicated to advancing Near Field Communication technology, educating the public about its benefits, and furthering its implementation around the world.
	www.vialicensing.com /news/via_pr_041119_NFC.html (648 words)

	Near Field Communication
		Evolving from a combination of contactless identification and networking technologies, Near Field Communication (NFC) is a wireless connectivity technology that enables convenient short-range communication between electronic devices.
		NFC offers the ultimate in convenience for connecting all types of consumer devices and enables rapid and easy communications.
		NFC is central to Philips' vision of a world where everyone can always connect to information, entertainment and services - anytime and anywhere.
	www.semiconductors.philips.com /markets/identification/products/nfc (532 words)

	Nokia announces Near Field Communication products
		With the Nokia NFC (Near Field Communication) shell on their phone, consumers will be able to access a variety of services and exchange information with a simple touch gesture.
		The first mobile phone to work with the new Nokia NFC is the Nokia 3220 (pictured), a tri-band camera phone that is available in two versions: a GSM 900/1800/1900 primarily for the European and Asian markets, and a GSM 850/1800/1900 primarily for the Americas.
		The Nokia NFC shell with four tags will be available during the first quarter of 2005 in Europe, and during the second quarter 2005 in the Americas and Asia.
	www.geekzone.co.nz /content.asp?contentid=3629 (375 words)

	NEAR FIELD COMMUNICATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Die Near-Field-Communication (NFC) ist eine drahtlose Kommunikationstechnologie (Nahfunktechnik) für Datenverbindungen über kurze Strecken und wurde gemeinsam von Sony und Philips entwickelt.
		Die Parameter für NFC sind bereits durch ISO 18092, ECMA 340 beziehungsweise ETSI TS 102 190 spezifiziert und sollen weltweit einheitlich sein.
		Aufgrund der geringen Reichweite ist NFC keine Konkurrenz für Bluetooth oder WLAN.
	www.toonorama.com /encyclopedia/N/Near_Field_Communication (135 words)

	NFC Forum - About NFC
		With NFC it is possible to connect any two devices to each other to exchange information or access content and services — easily and securely.
		More than just a wireless connection, NFC is a basic tool allowing you to interact instinctively with your electronic environment.
		NFC White Paper produced by the industry association Ecma International.
	www.nfc-forum.org /aboutnfc (301 words)

	[No title]
		Alternatives to near-field communication Infrared (IR) communication is used in television remote control units and is becoming a popular means to network portable computers but is not practical for devices located inside wallets, purses, and pockets.
		Lumped model of communication channel: Symmetry breaking In Figure 2 the PAN transmitter is modeled as an oscillator, and the receiver is modeled as a differential amplifier.
		Channel capacity A communication network is judged primarily by channel capacity, with a theoretical limit defined by the Hartley-Shannon law5 C = Blog(1 + S/N), where C is channel capacity in bits/second, B is bandwidth, S is signal, and N is noise.
	www.research.ibm.com /journal/sj/mit/sectione/zimmerman.txt (3548 words)

	Near Field Communication - a Whatis.com definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Near Field Communication (NFC) is a short-range wireless connectivity standard (Ecma-340, ISO/IEC 18092) that uses magnetic field induction to enable communication between devices when they're touched together, or brought within a few centimeters of each other.
		After the P2P network has been configured, another wireless communication technology, such as Bluetooth or Wi-Fi, can be used for longer range communication or for transfering larger amounts of data.
		In conjunction with another wireless technology, you could transfer large files between two devices, such as a laptop and a desktop, simply by touching the two together.
	searchstorage.techtarget.com /gDefinition/0,294236,sid5_gci967849,00.html (229 words)

	Wireless alliance touts 'magic touch' RFID technology - ZDNet UK News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The members of the NFC Forum envisage that their technology will be used to manage connections to both active and passive devices.
		While NFC will handle identification of users through RFID, it appears that wireless protocols such as Bluetooth or Wi-Fi will still be used for the data transfer.
		Although it will be possible to initiate an NFC link just by bringing two devices within a couple of centimetres of each other, Baumgartner says that users are much more likely to touch them together to begin the process.
	news.zdnet.co.uk /hardware/emergingtech/0,39020357,39149407,00.htm (735 words)

	Nokia - NFC - RFID - Technology Glossary - Business
		NFC technology evolved from a combination of contactless identification or RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) and interconnection technologies.
		NFC is different from other contactless or RFID technologies in that it has a very short operating distance and also allows two devices to interconnect.
		The effective distance of an NFC solution depends on the tag design and the reader, but is only a few centimeters in Nokia's solution.
	www.nokia.com /nokia/0,,65157,00.html (328 words)

	Sony Global - Press Release - Near Field Communication Technology jointly developed by Sony and Philips approved as ...
		NFC IP-1 is a Near Field Communication technology, which utilizes the 13.56 MHz wavelength, and is composed of a physical layer and data link layer.
		NFC IP-1 provides a new, highly intuitive method where simply bringing devices into proximity allows them to directly recognize each other and communicate.
		It is expected to deploy the NFC chip in a range of devices (mobile phones, digital still cameras, PDAs, PCs etc.) allowing simple and intuitive identification and information exchange.
	www.sony.net /SonyInfo/News/Press/200312/03-059E (552 words)

	Near Field Communication
		With Near Field Communication - a wireless connectivity technology that enables convenient short-range communication between electronic devices; providing ease of use, instant connectivity, zero configuration and smart key access for the consumer.
		And as a market leader in contactless chip technology and a founding member of the NFC forum, Philips Semiconductors is prepared to be your partner in designing what's next.
		Combining NFC with Bluetooth establishes convenient short-range communication between electronic devices; providing ease of use and instant connectivity with zero configuration.
	www-us.semiconductors.philips.com /news/advertising/near_field_communication/index.html (140 words)

	Near-field magnetic communication for mobile devices
		Whereas most wireless communication is accomplished by propagating an RF plane wave through free space, near-field magnetic wireless utilizes a non-propagating quasi-static magnetic field.
		The energy transfer between the fields occurs at the carrier frequency which in most modern mobile devices is 900 MHz or 2.4 GHz.
		The quasi-static characteristic of the field is the result of the transducer geometry in combination with the carrier frequency of the transmitter.
	www.auracomm.com /site/content/fvw.asp (266 words)

	Samsung phones to double as wallets \| The Register
		Through the use of Near Field Communication (NFC), Samsung mobile phones will be transformed into multi-functional devices from which users can conduct secure m-payment transactions, gain access to public transport and buildings or download event tickets, the company claims.
		NFC is a type of wireless technology that allows devices to exchange small amounts of data across short distances - approximately four inches.
		It is likely that consumers will soon see TVs and PCs equipped with NFC chips, enabling consumers to view images on from their mobile phones on their TVs, for example.
	www.theregister.co.uk /2004/09/01/samsun_philips_mobile (454 words)

	Near Field Communication (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		NFC enables 'proximity communication', which means users can establish a link between devices in the most intuitive way - by simply placing them near each other.
		Offering a secure, low-power, low-cost way to connect devices, Philips' NFC solutions are finding their way into digital products such as advanced mobile phones, digital cameras, PDAs, set-top boxes and computers.
		From pictures and phone numbers to vouchers and MP3 files, NFC offers easy transfer of all kinds of data, bringing the 'connected world' one step closer.
	www.vlsi.com /news/infocus/samsung_nfc/index.html (199 words)

	Nokia - Nokia NFC
		Both Nokia NFC shells support NFC (Near Field Communication) technology that enables users to read small amounts of data from compatible tags, as well as to communicate with other devices, with a simple touch.
		Nokia participates actively in developing NFC standards further through the open NFC Forum, where Nokia is a founding member together with Philips and Sony.
		The Nokia Field Force Solution extends the mobility of field personnel by integrating RFID technology into a mobile phone.
	www.nokia.com /nfc (292 words)

	LinuxElectrons: Philips Accelerates Realization of Near Field Communication Technology
		With these plans of NFC embedded into the next generation of Connected Planet products, we are taking a major step to make this all a reality," said Scott McGregor, President and Chief Executive Officer, Philips Semiconductors.
		Key for the acceptance of NFC will be the interoperability of CE devices, which Philips has always put its weight behind and will continue to do so.
		Consumers are seeking easier ways to enable wireless communication between their numberless electronic devices such as phones, computing and entertainment devices.
	www.linuxelectrons.com /article.php/20040319063935594/print (754 words)

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