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Topic: Near infrared spectroscopy

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	Summary of report: Identifying Pest Resistant Eucalypts using near-infrared spectroscopy
		The objective of this study was to develop our understanding of the mechanisms that confer resistance of eucalypts to both vertebrate and invertebrate herbivores and to assess the potential of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy as a method of rapid identification of resistant trees for use in agroforestry.
		Near-infrared spectroscopy proved to be a highly suitable tool for rapidly assessing components of natural herbivore resistance in eucalypts.
		However, given the poor understanding of the basis of resistance to herbivores in eucalypts and the large number of inconclusive studies that preceded the current work, we felt that it was important to show that the wavelengths that contributed most to the resistance models that we developed were in fact based on known traits.
	www.rirdc.gov.au /reports/AFT/01-112sum.html (1112 words)

	Infrared Spectroscopy
		Infrared spectroscopy, or FTIR, is a type of absorption spectroscopy that uses the infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum to examine samples.
		Infrared spectroscopy, or IR spectroscopy, focuses on the infrared section of the electromagnetic spectrum.
		Infrared Spectroscopy of Biomolecules by Mantsch & Chapman
	www.iscid.org /encyclopedia/Infrared_Spectroscopy (413 words)

	Infrared spectroscopy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Infrared spectroscopy (IR Spectroscopy) is the subset of spectroscopy that deals with the Infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
		Infrared spectroscopy correlation tables are also tabulated in the literature.
		Infrared spectroscopy is widely used in both research and industry as a simple and reliable technique for measurement, quality control, and dynamic measurement.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Infrared_spectroscopy (1407 words)

	Infrared Spectroscopy
		Photon energies associated with this part of the infrared (from 1 to 15 kcal/mole) are not large enough to excite electrons, but may induce vibrational excitation of covalently bonded atoms and groups.
		Infrared spectrometers, similar in principle to the UV-Visible spectrometer described elsewhere, permit chemists to obtain absorption spectra of compounds that are a unique reflection of their molecular structure.
		Infrared spectra may be obtained from samples in all phases (liquid, solid and gaseous).
	www.cem.msu.edu /~reusch/VirtualText/Spectrpy/InfraRed/infrared.htm (1310 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Near infrared spectroscopy
		Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a spectroscopic method utilising the near infra-red region of the electromagnetic spectrum (from about 800 nm to 2500 nm).
		Near infrared spectroscopy is therefore not a particularly sensitive technique, but it can be very useful in probing bulk material with little or no sample preparation.
		Near-infrared spectroscopy is used in astronomy for studying the atmospheres of cool stars where molecules can form.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Near_infrared_spectroscopy (1360 words)

	Infrared Spectroscopy
		Water is a critical matrix component for near infrared spectra of aqueous based clinical samples, such as the human body.
		In these experiments, the near infrared light was transmitted through a section of the webbing tissue between the thumb and forefinger of the volunteer.
		Finally, near infrared spectroscopy is capable of measuring clinically relevant levels of glucose in complex biological matrices.
	www.ieee.org /organizations/pubs/newsletters/leos/apr98/infrared.htm (2252 words)

	Near infrared spectroscopy - Information from Reference.com
		of near infrared spectroscopy in the qualitative and quantitative analysis...
		NIR spectroscopy is the measurement of the wavelength and intensity of the
		Workshop on Near Infrared Spectroscopy in Infants and Children...
	www.reference.com /search?q=Near%20infrared%20spectroscopy&db=web (250 words)

	Combining Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Infrared Aerial Imagery for Assessment of Peanut Crop Maturity and Aflatoxin ...
		Near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and infrared aerial imagery may provide peanut growers with the ability to remotely assess optimum harvest maturity to maximise grower returns.
		Infrared imagery was obtained through a Sony digital camcorder (model DSR-PD100) with a Hoya 58mm R72 filter mounted in the door of a Cessna 185 (G.C. Wright, unpublished data).
		Infrared aerial imagery of the centre pivot at Fressers’ farm (figure 3a) identified a strong correlation between colour zones and pod maturity class distribution.
	www.cropscience.org.au /icsc2004/poster/2/8/973_robson.htm (1983 words)

	Spectroscopy Software: mass spectrometry Near Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy NMR Spectroscopy Atomic Absorption ...
		Spectroscopy is a technique that uses the interaction of energy with a sample to perform an analysis.
		In simplest terms, spectroscopy requires an energy source and a device for measuring the change in the energy source after it has interacted with the sample (a spectrophotometer or interferometer).
		Near infrared spectroscopy is a spectroscopic method utilizing the near infra-red (NIR) region of the electromagnetic spectrum (from about 1000nm to 2500nm).
	www.camo.com /rt/Resources/spectroscopy.html (311 words)

	Comparative Determination of Polymorphs of Indomethacin in Powders and Tablets by Chemometrical Near-Infrared ...
		The predicted content values of unknown samples by x-ray powder diffraction and NIR spectroscopy were reproducible and in close agreement, but those by NIR spectroscopy had smaller SDs than those by x-ray powder diffraction.
		Those valued by NIR spectroscopy were consistent with those obtained by the conventional x-ray powder diffraction, and the accuracy of NIR spectroscopy was more than 50% higher than that of the x-ray method.
		NIR spectroscopy's accuracy and experimental advantages were compared with those of conventional x-ray powder diffraction.
	www.aapspharmscitech.org /view.asp?art=pt040219 (3771 words)

	Infrared - Your Guide to IR, FTIR and NIR spectroscopy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The combination of visible/near-infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics was used to monitor time-related physical or chemical changes occurring during red wine fermentation, without the need for chemical analysis.
		Researchers in Northern Ireland are using infra-red spectroscopy and mass spectrometry to get to the core of the problem.
		They are exploiting the ability of NIRS to map haemoglobin and oxygen concentrations in the brain's language centres and so follow neuronal activity in relation to speech processing in infants.
	www.spectroscopynow.com /coi/cda/home.cda?chId=2 (338 words)

	Workshop on Near Infrared Spectroscopy in Infants and Children: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke ...
		This technology utilizes light in the near infrared range to determine cerebral oxygenation, blood flow, and metabolic status of the brain.
		The method is based on the fact that light in the near infrared range (700 to 1000 nm) can pass through skin, bone, and other tissues relatively easily, especially in the neonatal head.
		The strengths and weaknesses of several different methods of using near infrared light to detect cerebral oxygenation, blood flow, and energy status were presented.
	www.ninds.nih.gov /news_and_events/proceedings/nirs_workshop.htm (2850 words)

	Near infrared spectroscopy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a spectroscopic method utilising the near infra-red region of the electromagnetic spectrum (from about 800 nm to 2500 nm).
		Near infrared spectroscopy is therefore not a particularly sensitive technique, but it can be very useful in probing bulk material with little or no sample preparation.
		Near-infrared spectroscopy is used in astronomy for studying the atmospheres of cool stars where molecules can form.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Near_infrared_spectrum (1298 words)

	UCL Dept of Medical Physics & Bioengineering
		There are other haemoglobin compounds which have a characteristic absorption in the near infrared, although their concentrations in tissue are low and in many cases almost non existent in normal blood.
		As with conventional spectroscopy measurements, it is important to minimise movement of the tissue between the fibres and various stereotactic devices have been used to stabilise the tissue under interrogation.
		By making spectroscopy measurements in the frequency rather than the time domain, it has been possible to develop a new method of continuously monitoring the total path which the NIR light has travelled in the tissue of interest.
	www.medphys.ucl.ac.uk /research/borg/research/NIR_topics/nirs.htm (4160 words)

	Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: Principles, Instruments, Applications
		In fact, for certain research areas and applications, ranging from material science via chemistry to life sciences, it has become an indispensable tool because this fast and cost-effective type of spectroscopy provides qualitative and quantitative information not available from any other technique.
		A considerable part of the text is dedicated to practical applications, including sample preparation and investigations of polymers, textiles, drugs, food and animal feed.
		Written by eight experts in different fields, this book presents an introduction to the current state of developments and is valuable to spectroscopists and to practitioners applying NIR spectroscopy as a daily analytical tool.
	www.ramex.com /title.asp?id=12453 (360 words)

	CALIBRATION OF NEAR INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY
		This project was designed to develop the calibration equations required to accurately determine the forage quality of Oregon-grown grass seed straw using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS).
		"Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) method of analysis is an instrumental method for rapidly and reproducibly measuring the chemical composition of samples with little or no sample preparation.
		To adjust and validate an existing Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) grass hay calibration equation to be used as a predictor of grass seed straw feed quality.
	cropandsoil.oregonstate.edu /seed-ext/Pub/1992/page33.html (1459 words)

	Thermo Scientific - Near Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy
		Near-infrared spectroscopy can be a workhorse technique for materials analysis in industries such as agriculture, pharmaceuticals, chemicals and polymers.
		In addition, the size of the peaks in the spectrum is a direct indication of the amount of material present.
		NIR spectroscopy offers a practical alternative to time consuming, solvent intensive wet-testing methods and liquid chromatography techniques.
	www.thermo.com /com/cda/technology/detail/1,2165,13191,00.html (378 words)

	Depth-Resolved Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
		The concentration of salicylic acid in various layers of the gel was estimated by UV spectroscopy, for reference purposes, after appropriate sample preparation.
		For example, although the theoretical depth resolution of this method was determined to be approximately 31 µm, actual resolution of the method is practically limited to the thickness of the mechanically sliced sections used for reference analysis.
		However, these studies illustrate the concept of depth-resolved near-IR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy with a system of polymer membranes and the application of this method to the analysis of a specific diffusing species in a practical in vitro setting.
	kerouac.pharm.uky.edu /ASRG/wave/jim/jim.html (4117 words)

	Workshop on Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) for Infant Cerebral Function Monitoring: National Institute of ...
		On May 18, 1999, the NINDS and the NICHD held a workshop to discuss the use of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for cerebral function monitoring in infants.
		Near infrared spectroscopy is a technology using a beam of light in the near infrared range (700-1000 mm) which passes through brain tissue, and measurements of the absorption and scattering of the photons are made.
		The consensus of the participants was that the technology has now been developed sufficiently that NIRS can be used to quantitatively measure cerebral oxygenation, as well as cerebral blood volume, continuously at the bedside.
	www.ninds.nih.gov /news_and_events/proceedings/nirswkshop1999.htm (2036 words)

	Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Embedded YSOs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		With the recent development of large-format infrared array detectors, high quality photometric surveys are routinely conducted at wavelengths between 1-2.5 µm.
		We investigated the utility of the near-infrared spectral regime for the classification of spectra obtained of deeply embedded young stellar objects.
		This is accomplished by analyzing spectra obtained for well-studied optically-visible young stars and deriving spectral types from their infrared spectra independent of the existing optical data.
	www-astro.phast.umass.edu /theses/meyer/nirspec/node1.html (318 words)

	Exploring News & Features - Odd behavior and creativity may go hand-in-hand (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		These images summarize the results of near infrared spectroscopy scans of schizotypes, schizophrenics and normal controls during divergent thinking tasks.
		As a way to measure their creativity, research subjects were shown a variety of everyday objects, such as a spool of thread and a fork, as well as more ambiguous objects, such as a cocktail jigger and cheese grater, and then were asked to make up new functions for them.
		The brain scans showed that all groups used both brain hemispheres for creative tasks, but that the activation of the right hemispheres of the schizotypes was dramatically greater than that of the schizophrenic and average subjects, suggesting a positive benefit of schizotypy.
	exploration.vanderbilt.edu /news/news_schizotypes.htm (966 words)

	Near Infrared Spectroscopy - Pharmaceutical International
		Rugged, portable, fibre-optic based visible (Vis) and near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy applicable to a wide variety of materials identification and quantification.
		Near infrared and fluorescence spectroscopy specifically for process monitoring - PAT.
		Unique high sensitivity 2D fluorescence spectroscopy ideal for measuring and monitoring extremely low levels of active or excipient during a process.
	www.pharmaceutical-int.com /categories/near-infrared-spectroscopy/near-infrared-spectroscopy.asp (626 words)

	NIRS - near infrared spectroscopy
		Near infrared spectroscopy is an analytical technology whose development has largely matched that of the personal computer.
		In recent years the technique has been applied within a wide range of areas, including food, petrochemicals, medical imaging and biotechnology.
		We work very closely with major pharmaceuticals companies with the aim of speeding the path of these revolutionary new agents to the clinician.
	www.strath.ac.uk /Departments/BioSci/nirs.htm (299 words)

	Tissue Temperature by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		C.H. Barlow, K.A. Kelly and J.J. Kelly (1995) Tissue temperature by near-infrared spectroscopy.
		Optical determinations of tissue temperature by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy provides the basis for measuring localized changes in tissue metabolism associated with cognition, mechanical work, inflammation or malignancy.
		Absorbance changes in NIR spectra of tissue water are shown to correlate with tissue sample temperature.
	www.evergreen.edu /biophysics/papers/nir.htm (266 words)

	Near-infrared spectroscopy for fetal assessment during labour
		Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a light-based way of measuring oxygen flows through the brain.
		Near-infrared spectroscopy has been developed to directly measure fetal cerebral oxygenation, with a view toward identification of those fetuses truly at risk.
		To determine the effects of the use of near-infrared spectroscopy to assess fetal condition during labour, on maternal and perinatal outcomes.
	www.cochrane.org /reviews/en/ab002254.html (350 words)

	FT-IR Spectroscopy - Raman Spectroscopy - UV-VIS Spectroscopy - Near Infrared Spectroscopy - Molecular Spectroscopy ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Ideal for investigative analysis or QC applications, spectroscopy is used to determine the molecular composition of a wide range of complex samples, including liquids, solids, and gases.
		A series of FREE Spectroscopic Solutions Seminars will be hosted this fall, providing useful information on the theories and applications of FT-IR, Raman, IR imaging, IR microscpectroscopy and sampling techniques that will benefit everyone in your laboratory.
		Raman is particularly useful in the analysis of molecular structure and geometries, and is complementary to FT-IR.
	www.thermo.com /spectroscopy (290 words)

	WK5129- Standard Practice for Near Infrared Qualitative Analysis
		MR Spectroscopy: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference.
		NIR Spectroscopy: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference.
		Infrared (IR) analysis;emmetals/alloys; molecular spectroscopy; near-infrared instruments; qualitative analysis; spectroscopy;eminfrared; near infrared qualitative analysis; 71.040.50
	www.astm.org /DATABASE.CART/WORKITEMS/WK5129.htm (521 words)

	Spectroscopy \| Infrared Spectroscopy \| IR Spectroscopy \| Axiom Analytical (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		As the leading provider of sample interfacing and multiplexing equipment for process molecular spectroscopy, Axiom can provide comprehensive sampling systems to meet a wide range of application requirements.
		Mid-infrared analysis is attractive for many process development and batch processing applications due to the simplicity of the spectroscopy and resultant ease of calibration.
		However, the lack of mid-IR optical fibers suitable for remote sampling makes it necessary to locate the analyzer near the process.
	www.goaxiom.com /spectroscopy_system_integration.html (738 words)

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