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Topic: Nearest stars

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List of nearest stars

Proxima Centauri

Sirius

Light year

Distance

Astronomical unit

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	APOD: 2001 March 18 - The Nearest Stars
		Barnard's Star, a dim star visible with a telescope in the
		Sirius, the brightest star in the night sky, is part of the fifth closest star system, from which light takes 8.6 years to reach us.
		Past that there are probably stars so dim that their proximity has not yet been discovered.
	antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov /apod/ap010318.html (125 words)

	List of nearest stars - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This list of the nearest stars to Earth is ordered by increasing distance out to a maximum of 5 parsecs (16.2 light years).
		Stars invisible to the naked eye are shown in grey.
		Notes: The light year distances for the nearest star systems taken from parallax data determined by the Research Consortium on Nearby Stars (or Recons).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_nearest_stars (131 words)

	Earth's Nearest or Closest Stars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Distances to stars are difficult to measure accurately.
		Stars with magnitudes beyond 6 are difficult to see without binoculars or a telescope.
		The declination of the north star, Polaris, is almost +90 degrees.
	www.essex1.com /people/speer/stars.html (244 words)

	Chapter 8 Review Questions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Parallax measurements are limited because we measure the apparent motion of a star with respect to the background stars (stars farther away) due to the motion of Earth around the sun.
		The masses of stars on the main sequence decreases in a continuous manner as you move from the luminous O and B stars through the A, F, G, and K stars to the lowest luminosity M stars.
		The brightest stars in the sky are high luminosity stars such as giants, supergiants and spectral type O and B and A main sequence stars.
	www.goshen.edu /nasc/NaSc200/ReviewQuestions/ch8review.html (926 words)

	DVDExtra: Milky Way (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Most of the stars in the disk - and probably those in the nucleus - are stars of intermediate age, probably from 3,000 to 5,000 million years old.
		Stars generate energy in their cores by nuclear fusion - reactions that for all stars begin with the conversion of hydrogen into helium.
		Stars are formed from the collapse of giant clouds of interstellar dust and gas.
	www.yorkfilms.com /ccdvdextra/milky.html (3082 words)

	Closest-Stars Model
		The universe of stars above and below us is relatively fixed in position from our vantage point, not oscillating above and below the equator every year as the sun appears to do, but only appearing to slowly rotate around once each day due to the rotation of the earth in the opposite direction.
		Stars have been photographed and studied by astronomers for a long time and their directions from our solar system are well known, but determining their sizes, absolute brightnesses and distances is not easy, so different reference books may not give the same data.
		To construct a model of the nearest stars in this system you might begin with a ball to represent the position of the earth and rods or sticks of some sort inserted into it having lengths corresponding to the distances to the stars.
	www.essex1.com /people/speer/starmodel.html (819 words)

	Properties of Stars
		Bouncing radar off the surfaces of stars would not work because: (1) stars are glowing balls of hot gas and have no solid surface to reflect the radar beam back and (2) the radar signal would take years to just reach the nearest stars.
		The stars are so far away that observing a star from opposite sides of the Earth would produce a parallax angle much, much too small to detect.
		Stars are about a parsec apart from each other on average, so the method of trigonometric parallax works for just a few thousand nearby stars.
	www.astronomynotes.com /starprop/s2.htm (1485 words)

	Nearest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Note that this list is continually changing as astronomers discover nearby stars with ever more sensitive detectors in a variety of spectral ranges, especially the Infrared, where numerous small stars emit their energy.
		Stars are very far apart (average about 8 light-years for the closest dozen), compared to their size (about 2 light-seconds for the Sun); by a factor of 250 million or so.
		Many stars occur in multiple systems, shown here by the suffixes A, B and C from brightest to dimmest.
	exobio.ucsd.edu /Astronomy/nearest.htm (302 words)

	Nearest stars (from star) -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The first category comprises stars that have exhausted the hydrogen in their cores and are burning hydrogen within shells surrounding the core.
		Some of the nearby single stars have invisible companions detectable only by their gravitational effects on the primary star; this orbital motion of the unseen member causes the visible star to “wobble” or move through space along a wavelike curve rather than following a straight line.
		Flare stars are sometimes called UV Ceti stars, from a prototype star in the constellation Cetus.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-52810?tocId=52810 (1230 words)

	The 26 Nearest Stars
		Note that this list is continually changing as astronomers discover nearby stars with ever more sensitive detectors in a variety of spectral ranges, especially the infrared, where numerous small stars emit their energy.
		Stars are very far apart (average about 8 lightyears for the closest dozen), compared to their size (about 2 lightseconds for the Sun); by a factor of 250 million or so.
		Many stars occur in multiple systems, shown here by the suffixes A, B and C from brightest to dimmest.
	www.astro.wisc.edu /~dolan/constellations/extra/nearest.html (195 words)

	Stars
		The basic difference between a star and a planet is that a star emits light produced in its interior by fusion reactions (nuclear `burning'), whereas a planet only shines by reflected light.
		The star now settles down to a long period of stability while the hydrogen at its centre is converted into helium with the release of an enormous amount of energy.
		The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram of the nearest stars and the brightest stars.
	csep10.phys.utk.edu /guidry/violence/stars-info.html (1389 words)

	Star Information Page 2
		Is the light of a star sent through a prism and reveals the chemical make-up of a star.
		Stars show a spectrographic shift towards the color red based on their distance form Earth and the speed with which they are receeding from us.
		Double Stars can be PHYSICAL and actually associated with each other or part of a multi-star system or they can be OPTICAL appearing to us as observers to be associated but in fact are only along a line of sight which leaves that impression.
	www.mirroruniverse.com /sm/starinfo2.html (968 words)

	Nearest Stars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		In that case, the distance of a star in parsecs is:
		The nearest star (other than the Sun) is the alpha-Centauri system, which has a parallax of 0.76 seconds of arc, corresponding to a distance of 1.315 pc = 4.3 LY.
		Thus, all stars have parallax angles of less than one second of arc.
	www.astro-tom.com /technical_data/nearest_stars.htm (385 words)

	The 75 Nearest Stars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		In cases where the star is part of a system where only the primary was observed, the source catalog name is in parentheses.
		If the difference in the star's position as seen from the Sun as compared to the Earth is 1 arc second (1/3600 degree), its distance is, by definition, 1 parsec.
		In reality, the nearest star (Proxima Centauri) has a parallax of 0.77233 arcsec, and is thus more than one parsec distant (1.2948 parsecs, to be exact).
	www.csi.edu /support/museum/staff/cja/cja_stardist.html (351 words)

	Stars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Starlist is a collection of notes about individual stars, including their brightness, colors, and the stories behind their naming.
		Nearest and Brightest are lists of the top 25 or so stars in each category.
		The nearest star list is especially exciting these days, as the first extra-solar planets are being found around some of these nearest stars!
	exobio.ucsd.edu /Astronomy/stars.htm (81 words)

	ASTRONOMY 102- LECTURE 14 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		First of all, low-luminosity stars are not visible over long distances, so the stars of high luminosity will tend to dominate our sample of bright stars.
		On the other hand the high-luminosity stars produce a large fraction of the starlight we see--after all, it takes 10,000 stars with the same absolute magnitude as the sun (M = 5) to produce as much light as a single supergiant star of magnitude M=-5.
		At least 50% of all star systems we see are binary and multiple (and we suspect the number is closer to 90%, if we could detect them all).
	www.gettysburg.edu /academics/physics/CLEA0/A102ol14.html (573 words)

	stars, nearest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Recent observations by the Hipparcos satellite have provided vastly more accurate data on the distances and other characteristics of nearby stars.
		A new nearby star, a red dwarf cataloged as SO025300.5+165258, was discovered in 2003, though its distanced hasn't yet been precisely determined.
		It is thought to lie somewhere between 6.5 (3rd nearest star system) and 16.3 light-years (46th nearest star system) away.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/S/starsnearest.html (164 words)

	HR Diagram
		There are also a handful of stars which are red and very bright (called red supergiants) and a few stars that are hot, but very faint (called white dwarfs).
		Stars begin their life on the main sequence, but then evolve off into red giant phase and supergiant phase before dying as white dwarfs or some more violent endpoint.
		However, due to the high densities in the core of a star, all these objects are trapped in the center and, thus, we can not `see' what goes on inside a star.
	zebu.uoregon.edu /~js/ast122/lectures/lec11.html (1091 words)

	Discovery of the 20th Nearest Star (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		These two dozen stars result in an increase in the population of the nearest stars by 8%, with only a modicum of effort.
		The nearest stars are included by many brown dwarf, planetary, and SETI search programs in their observing lists.
		As our reconnaissance of the nearest stars continues, we will be able to provide researchers in these fields with the most comprehensive nearby star sample available.
	www.aas.org /publications/baas/v27n4/aas187/S070022.html (350 words)

	Phys 1412 Hertzsprung-Russell Lab
		A star's position along the main sequence is determined almost entirely by its mass and is relatively independent of composition.
		Most of the stars in the diagram for the nearest stars lie along a band called the main sequence which extends from the upper left corner to the lower right corner of the figure.
		Which stars are the hottest in the HR diagram of the nearest stars (Figure 1/Table 1)?
	faculty.nhmccd.edu /jomills/phys1411/Labs/HR-Lab.html (1266 words)

	A family portrait of the Alpha Centauri System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The new observations of the nearest stars have therefore contributed to raise the astronomers' confidence in their solar models as well.
		The two main stars in the system, Alpha Centauri A and Alpha Centauri B, are rather similar to the Sun; their stellar spectral types are "G2V" and "K1V", respectively.
		When compared with theoretical models of the stars, such measurements determine the main stellar parameters, including the masses of each component, their ages, their luminosities, effective temperatures and content of various chemical elements.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2003-03/eso-afp032003.php (1489 words)

	ASP: The Nearest Stars: A Guided Tour
		Distances among the stars are so large that it is helpful to express them using the light-year —; the distance light travels in one year — as a measuring unit.
		This very modest little star, located just six light-years away in the direction of the constellation Ophiuchus, is the closest star that can be studied from the Northern Hemisphere — but only with the aid of telescopes, since it is much too dim to be seen with the unaided eye.
		But stars that are quite nearby can change their positions relatively rapidly, just as an automobile on a street right next to you zips past you quickly, but cars on a distant highway seem to crawl along.
	www.astrosociety.org /education/publications/tnl/05/05.html (1980 words)

	Astronomy 122 - Measuring the Stars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Stars are moving and the motion across the sky, after correction for parallax, is called proper motion
		The true space motion is the combination of the transverse (proper) motion and the radial motion, determined from the Doppler shift of the stellar lines.
		Star clusters are a collection of stars at approximately the same distance from us, so they can be compared without correcting the brightness to absolute brightness (or we don't need to know how far away they are to compare them)
	physics.uoregon.edu /~jimbrau/astr122/Notes/Chapter17.html (1108 words)

	Cosmic Distance Scales - The Nearest Star
		Of the three stars in the system, the dimmest -- called Proxima Centauri -- is actually the nearest star to the Earth.
		Alpha Centauri A, also known as Rigil Kentaurus, is the brightest star in the constellation of Centaurus and is the fourth brightest star in the night sky.
		If all the stars that are visible to the naked eyes were moved to the same distance from the Earth, Alpha Centauri A would become a rather ordinary star.
	heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov /docs/cosmic/nearest_star_info.html (1005 words)

	Binaries and possible planetary systems (from star) -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Near the Sun, most stars are members of binaries, and some of the nearest single stars are suspected of having companions.
		The formation of double and multiple stars on the one hand and that of planetary systems on the other seem to be different facets of the same process.
		general name applied to all self-luminous stars by ancient astronomers because, due to their considerable distance from Earth, stars appeared to have no relative motion and so were thought of as remaining fixed in position in sky; Halley proved this wrong in early 18th century; in contrast, planets were called wandering stars.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-52830?tocId=52830 (992 words)

	Catalogue of nearest stars until 10pc
		The previous numeration is preserved, and the stars, with trigonometric, photometric and spectral parallaxes >0.100" are presented.
		The catalogue contains the main characteristics of stars such as the positions, proper motions, radial velocities, parallaxes, photometrical data and also new data of masses and radii of stars.
		v: variable star S: summarized magnitude of components, n: author' estimation of Vmag and Mv are made for visible component or for component for which it is possible to estimate component spectrum.
	www.cs.wisc.edu /niagara/data/nasa/5101.xml (398 words)

	An Atlas of The Universe
		The first map shows the nearest stars and then the other maps slowly expand out until we have reached the scale of the entire visible universe.
		The closest star to the Sun is only 7000 times further than the edge of our solar system.
		A large proportion of the stars visible with the naked eye are within 250 light years.
	www.atlasoftheuniverse.com (497 words)

	NStars1CNS: Nearby star catalogues and PMSU (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		In individual terms, the nearest stars (of a particular class) are the brightest stars, and therefore permit the most intense scrutiny of physical characteristics, and star-to-star variations in those characteristics.
		The nearest stars - the 5 parsec sample: In this type of analysis, the trick is defining a volume-limited sample which, if not complete, is at least incomplete in a well understood manner.
		However, data for individual stars and stellar systems are drawn from a wide range of sources, and span a wide range of quality; moreover, the different techniques used to estimate distances have themselves a variety of associated uncertainties.
	dept.physics.upenn.edu /~inr/pmsu.html (3861 words)

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