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Topic: Necessary condition

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	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Condition
		Thus the notion of a condition is not that of a real principle such as actually gives existence to the effect produced (which is the case in the notion of cause); but rather of a circumstance, or set of circumstances, in which the cause readily acts, or in which alone it can act.
		A condition may further be considered in one of two different forms, either as preparing, disposing, or applying the causality of a cause towards its exercise in the production of an effect, or as removing some obstacle that hinders the action of the cause.
		A necessary condition is one in which the consequent never exists unless this particular antecedent be given.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/04211a.htm (1358 words)

	Necessary and Sufficient Conditions
		The standard theory thus claims that when the conditional "p ⊃ q" is true the truth of the consequent, "q", is necessary for the truth of the antecedent, "p", and the truth of the antecedent is in turn sufficient for the truth of the consequent.
		Being an elephant is a sufficient condition of her having a trunk; having a trunk in turn is a necessary condition of Nellie's being an elephant.
		To specify the necessary conditions for the truth of the sentence "that figure is a square" is to specify a number of conditions including "that figure has four sides", "that figure is on a plane", and "that figure is closed".
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/necessary-sufficient (5423 words)

	template.1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Necessary condition: where p and q are statements, p is a necessary condition for q if q cannot be true unless p is true; it is impossible for q to be true and p to be false; if p is a necessary condition for q, then the conditional “if q, then p” is true.
		Sufficient condition: where p and q are statements, p is a sufficient condition for q if p’s truth guarantees the truth of q; it is impossible for p to be true and q to be false; if p is a sufficient condition for q, then the conditional “if p, then q” is true.
		From the definition of a necessary condition, we find that q is necessary for p (that is, it is impossible for p to be true and q to be false), making p sufficient for q (that is, p’s truth guarantees the truth of q).
	www.stanford.edu /~bobonich/terms.concepts/conditions.html (196 words)

	SUMMA THEOLOGICA: Is attention necessary in prayer? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Therefore attention is a necessary condition of prayer.
		Further, it is a necessary condition of prayer that it should be altogether sinless.
		On order to realize this effect, it is not necessary that prayer should be attentive throughout; because the force of the original intention with which one sets about praying renders the whole prayer meritorious, as is the case with other meritorious acts.
	www.newadvent.org /summa/308313.htm (684 words)

	Sophia on the web: Informal Logic Page ~ Necessary and Sufficient Conditions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Mortality is a _____________ condition for being a human.
		Being a flower is a _______________ condition for being a rose.
		Being a bachelor is a _______________ condition for an unmarried adult male.
	members.aol.com /moresophia/condition.html (416 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Richard Wollheim claimed that twofoldness is a necessary condition for the perception of pictorial representations and it is also a necessary condition for the aesthetic appreciation of pictures.
		Finally, I argue that twofoldness in the first sense is a necessary condition for the perception of pictorial representations, whereas twofoldness in the second sense is a necessary condition for the aesthetic appreciation of pictures.
		First, if the twofoldness of experience is a necessary condition for the aesthetic appreciation of a picture, then it must be twofoldness in sense (2), that is, the one between the visual awareness of the represented object and the way it is represented.
	socrates.berkeley.edu /~nanay/Twofoldness.doc (3289 words)

	More on Necessary and Sufficient Conditions
		Similiarly, it is not necessary for rain to be pouring from the sky for the ground to be wet.
		Sunlight is a necessary condition for the roses to bloom, since without sunlight it would be impossible for the roses to bloom.
		Being a male is a necessary condition for being a father since it is impossible to be a father without being a male.
	web.mala.bc.ca /clemotteo/more_on_necessary_and_sufficient.htm (1002 words)

	Necessary and sufficient ...
		A is a necessary condition of B if B could not be the case without A being the case.
		A necessary condition for the occurrence of a specified event (fire) is a circumstance (Oxygen) in whose absence the event cannot occur.
		A is a sufficient condition of B if A could not be the case without B's being the case.
	web.mala.bc.ca /clemotteo/necessary_and_sufficient_conditi_phil111fall03.htm (434 words)

	[No title]
		For a condition to be necessary, it must be the case that if A does not happen, B will not happen.
		Give an example of a condition that is necessary but not sufficient and one that is sufficient but not necessary.
		Reasoning with a chain of conditionals These are a series of ifs: If you read the assigned texts carefully, you will do well on the assignments; if you do well on the assignments you will earn most of the points; if you earn most of the points on the assignments you will pass this class.
	www.unm.edu /~econ/faculty/krause/Worksheet2Key.doc (952 words)

	Tübinger Arbeitspapiere zur Internationalen Politik und Friedensforschung Nr. 36
		As a necessary condition hypothesis it states that some phenomenon (here: a high level of robustness) will not occur or be in existence unless some other phenomenon (here: a just distribution of gains and burdens in the regime) is present.
		Necessary condition hypotheses take the form: B only if A. Every necessary condition hypothesis is logically equivalent to a corresponding hypothesis that states a sufficient condition: "B only if A" is true if and only if "if non-A, then non-B" is true.
		Contending that distributive justice is a necessary condition for the occurrence of a high level of regime robustness is not to rule out that justice is only part of a larger set of necessary conditions which, in conjunction but not singly, produce in international regimes a pronounced resilience to exogenous shocks.
	www.uni-tuebingen.de /pol/taps/tap36.htm (15487 words)

	The Concept of Necessary Conditions and Sufficient Conditions
		Definition: A condition A is said to be necessary for a condition B, if (and only if) the falsity (/nonexistence /non-occurrence) [as the case may be] of A guarantees (or brings about) the falsity (/nonexistence /non-occurrence) of B.
		While having four sides is a necessary condition for something's being a square, that single condition is not, by itself, sufficient (to guarantee) something's being a square, i.e.
		"Being a father is a sufficient condition for being male, and being male is a necessary condition for being a father." (But being a father is not a necessary condition for being a male [e.g.
	www.sfu.ca /philosophy/swartz/conditions1.htm (2120 words)

	CmSc180 Conditional statements
		The sufficient condition for n to be divisible by 2 is to be divisible by 6.
		The necessary condition for n to be divisible by 6 is to be divisible by 2
		The necessary condition for n to be odd is to be an integer.
	www.simpson.edu /~sinapova/cmsc180/cmsc180-04/WebLN180/L05-SuffN.htm (836 words)

	"require" and precondition
		A sufficient condition is one that is as strong as necessary or stronger.
		> A sufficient condition is one that is as strong as necessary or stronger.
		To a user, a precondition is a necessary condition, a condition that the user must meet or exceed.
	www.codecomments.com /Eiffel/message428692.html (850 words)

	[No title]
		According to the table, the conditional (p --> q) is true in lines i., iii., and iv, but not in ii.
		It's also now easy to show that p can be a sufficient condition for q WITHOUT being a necessary condition for q, but I leave the details for you.
		Finally, it is also possible for the two conditions to hold at the same time: To say that p is a NECESSARY AND SUFFICIENT condition for q is (as you would expect) to say that both (p --> q) and (q --> p) are true conditionals.
	www.ling.ohio-state.edu /~dowty/680/nec-and-suff-2.htd.txt (735 words)

	Necessary and sufficient conditions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Conversely, B’s having a duty is a necessary condition of A’s having a claim right: if B does not have a corresponding duty, then A does not have a claim right.
		This means that B (in this case “winning the election”) is a necessary condition of A (receiving more than 50% of the votes): you cannot have A without B or, you cannot receive more than 50% of the votes without winning the election.
		In other words, A is a sufficient, but not a necessary, condition of B. Similarly, D is a sufficient, but not a necessary, condition of C. You can receive some votes (C) without winning the election (D), therefore, winning the election (D) cannot be a necessary condition of receiving some votes (C).
	humanities.uchicago.edu /faculty/mgreen/HumanRtsF04/Notes/NecessarySufficientConds.shtml (935 words)

	Necessary and sufficient conditions
		To say that A is necessary for B is to say that B cannot occur without A occurring, or that whenever (wherever, etc.) B occurs, so does A. We might say that being sixteen is necessary for having a driver's license.
		In either case, the important thing is to note that one thing is assumed (fire, a license), and a second thing is derived as "necessary following." Being sixteen is the necessary condition in the first case; smoke is the necessary condition in the second (though, again, we ordinarily would not call it a "condition").
		If A is a necessary condition for B, then the logical relation between them is expressed as "If B then A" or "B only if A" or "B → A".
	www.fact-index.com /n/ne/necessary_and_sufficient_conditions.html (685 words)

	The Scope of Ethics
		A contributing condition is one that might help bring about some other event, but is neither necessary nor sufficient for bringing about that other event.
		A necessary condition is the condition in the absence of which a specific event cannot take place.
		A sufficient condition is that condition in the presence of which an event always occurs.
	philosophy.lander.edu /ethics/scope.html (819 words)

	"A Necessary Condition for Catalysis ..." (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		A necessary condition for a starting material to catalyze the formation of a target product in a given reaction pathway is identified.
		The condition is developed within the framework of an earlier paper that formalized the concept of pathway stoichiometry as an optimization problem of linear programming.
		The necessary condition for catalysis has found application in a system for computer-assisted elucidation of reaction pathways.
	www.cs.cmu.edu /People/sci-disc/Abstracts/jphyschem92.html (64 words)

	[No title]
		Making baptism a condition for salvation is similar to the mistake some in the early church made who taught that unless a person was circumcised he or she can not be saved.
		A necessary condition is a circumstance that must exist for an event to occur.
		Acts 15:1) that circumcision was necessary for salvation, the Church of Christ mistakenly believes that baptism is a necessary condition for salvation.
	www.ex-cult.org /Groups/Boston-CC/baptism.txt (5364 words)

	EPP-ED Group: 13/10/2005 : Kaliningrad: The demilitarization is the necessary condition for the further economic and ...
		EPP-ED Group: 13/10/2005 : Kaliningrad: The demilitarization is the necessary condition for the further economic and social development of the Kaliningrad district.
		In order the Kaliningrad district would be attractive for the investors, first of all it is necessary to fight against corruption and the shadow economy as well as adopt and implement the efficient law on the special economic zone of Kaliningrad.
		The third necessary condition is the demilitarization of this district as it is almost impossible to find investors, who would be interested to make investments in the region full of the army and arms.
	www.epp-ed.org /Press/showpr.asp?PRControlDocTypeID=1&PRControlID=4100&PRContentID=7548&PRContentLG=en (357 words)

	Water Baptism and Salvation
		This paper is a response to the assertion that water baptism is a condition for salvation.
		is the necessary and sufficient condition for salvation.
		Being enrolled at a university is therefore both a necessary and sufficient condition for being a college student.
	www.acns.com /~mm9n/Baptism/D6.htm (5443 words)

	A necessary condition for an interior optimum
		That is, being a stationary point is neither a necessary condition nor a sufficient condition for solving the problem.
		This result gives a necessary condition for x to be a maximizer (or a minimizer) of f : if it is a maximizer (or a minimizer) and is between a and b then x is a stationary point of f.
		The condition is obvously not sufficient for a point to be a maximizer---the condition is satisfied also, for example, at points that are minimizers.
	free.prohosting.com /cepr/data/adveco/ne1.html (430 words)

	Formal Ethics 5 - The Golden Rule
		{ 1 } - a sufficient condition for permissible action.
		{ 2 } - a necessary condition for permissible action.
		And satisfying GR is a necessary condition for being conscientious and impartial.
	www.jcu.edu /Philosophy/Gensler/fe/fe-5--08.htm (164 words)

	Skill Sheet #2
		Take the phrase, “Being human is a necessary condition for being a woman, and being a woman is a sufficient condition for being human.” Put into plainer English, this phrase is saying: To be a woman, one must be human; conversely, if one is a woman, she must be human.
		In your opinion, is E a necessary condition for D, a sufficient condition for D, both necessary and sufficient for D, or neither necessary nor sufficient for D? Is the conjunction of A, B, C and E sufficient for D?
		Is this conjunction a necessary condition for D? Is D a sufficient condition for B? Is D a sufficient condition for the conjunction of C and E?
	www.mc.maricopa.edu /~yount/text/skill2.html (317 words)

	A Necessary Condition for Self-reproduction in the Semar Core (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		A Necessary Condition for Self-reproduction in the Semar Core (1999)
		Because evolution is regarded as a sequence of transitions from a self-reproductive genotype to another form, understanding evolution requires that conditions for self-reproduction be formulated.
		In this paper, a necessary condition for self-reproduction is formulated using the core memory system called `Semar'.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /suzuki99necessary.html (304 words)

	Necessary condition quotes & quotations
		To admit untruth as a necessary condition of life: this implies, to be sure, a perilous resistance against customary value-feelings.
		Henceforth, I will repeat these words each hour, each day, everyday, until the words become as much a habit as my breathing, and the action which follows becomes as instinctive as the blinking of my eyelids.
		conditions necessary for its solution already exist or are at least in the process of formation.
	en.thinkexist.com /quotes/with/keyword/necessary_condition (569 words)

	On Brockett's Necessary Condition for Stabilizability (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Similar necessary conditions for global attractivity, ultimate boundedness and the existence of a Lyapunov function that ensures global convergence to a compact set are also derived.
		10 On Brockett's condition for smooth stabilizability and its n..
		1 A necessary condition for feedback stabilization (context) - Brockett, Millman et al.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /74358.html (277 words)

	Foreknowledge and Free Will [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		by putting constraints on the truth-conditions for statements, or by 'tightening' the conditions necessary for knowledge – are examined and shown not to work.
		Terms such as "must", "has to", "cannot", "is necessary", "is impossible", "could not be otherwise", "has to be", "might", "could be", "contingent", and the like, are known as "modal" terms.
		In the case of God, truth is not only a necessary condition for His knowledge, it is also sufficient.
	www.iep.utm.edu /f/foreknow.htm (11234 words)

	Logical Terms and Abbreviations
		A property [or proposition] P is a [metaphysically] sufficient condition for a property [or proposition] Q, just in case P implies Q--that is, P à Q. Thus, for example, being a father is a sufficient condition for being male, because Father à Male.
		A property [or proposition] Q is a [metaphysically] necessary condition for a property [or proposition] P, just in case P implies Q--that is, P à Q.
		A complete logical analysis of a property P gives necessary and sufficient conditions for P. partial logical analysis of a property P gives a necessary condition for P, or a sufficient condition for P. Theaetetus proposed to define knowledge as true belief.
	faculty.washington.edu /wtalbott/phil450/hdlogic.htm (1373 words)

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