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Topic: Necker cube illusion

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	Optical Illusion - Visual Eye Trick
		Physiological illusions, such as the afterimages following bright lights or adapting stimuli of excessively longer alternating patterns (contingent perceptual aftereffect), are presumed to be the effects on the eyes or brain of excessive stimulation of a specific type - brightness, tilt, color, movement, and so on.
		Paradox illusions are generated by objects that are paradoxical or impossible, such as the Penrose triangle or impossible staircases seen, for example, in M. Escher's Ascending and Descending and Waterfall.
		Fictional illusions are defined as the perception of objects that are genuinely not there to all but a single observer, such as those induced by schizophrenia or a hallucinogenic substance.
	vegasociety.com /brain/optical_illusion.html (340 words)

	Necker cube
		The Necker Cube is an optical illusion first published in 1832 by Swiss crystallographer[?] Louis Albert Necker[?].
		It is a wire-frame drawing of a cube in isometric perspective, which means that parallel edges of the cube are drawn as parallel lines in the picture.
		A cube whose edges cross in an inconsistent way is called an impossible cube.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ne/Necker_cube_illusion.html (208 words)

	Optical illusion
		The Necker cube is a well known example, the motion parallax due to movement is being misinterpreted, even in the face of other sensory data.
		Paradox illusions offer objects that are impossible or paradoxical, such as the Penrose triangle or impossible staircase seen, for example, in the work of M.
		Fiction illusions are the perception of objects that are genuinely not there to all but a single observer, such as those induced by schizophrenia or hallucinogenic drugs.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/op/Optical_illusion.html (494 words)

	Visual Illusions Gallery : Index
		Illusions in visual perception occur when experiences, which people report, do not correspond to physical measurements of stimuli.
		Humans would not have successfully adapted to survive and thrive in the environment of earth if there were not psychophysical correspondence between distal stimuli and most experiences.
		Illusions are instances which lack correspondence and these instances can be very informative in helping us to understand how we are structured, how we function, and how we can best represent the world around us.
	dragon.uml.edu /psych/illusion.html (386 words)

	Chris Fortescue - Notes
		The illusion in Fortescue's work, shown recently at the Victorian Centre for Photography, is in the association of photography with a rationalised system of representation (a system which approximates the laws of perception through perspective and composition and which in fact may function with as much veracity in painting as in photography).
		The illusion first involves the viewer's affirmation of certain laws and principles by which things appear, and secondly the realisation that such laws are arbitrary and falsifiable within a system of representation.
		According to Preziosi, the illusion encapsulates the two contradictory assumptions upon which the discipline of art history is predicated: that art retains some connection with the real world via its descriptive function (as a language of representation); and that it is, at the same time, an autonomous code in its own right.
	www.haresbreath.com /fortescue/koop.html (1403 words)

	The Necker Cube
		In attempting to fit the expected model of a cube to the picture, our brain must resolve the ambiguity as to which corner of the cube is closer.
		Pick one and try to picture a cube for which this is the closer of the two vertices.
		Once you engage it you should have the clear impression that the cube is spinning in one direction or the other about a vertical axis.
	www.cs.ubc.ca /nest/imager/contributions/flinn/Illusions/NC/nc.html (915 words)

	illusion Document
		This illusion of familiarity would account for the higher levels of confidence that are so frequently observed in hypnotic recall, and adopting this perspective should lead to even greater caution in the use of hypnosis as an aid to retrieval.
		Five illusions involving distortions in the perception of limb position, movement, and weight are described in the context of their contribution to understanding the sensory processes involved in proprioception.
		Postural aftereffects and the illusions of movement induced by vibration highlight the remarkable lability of this sense of limb position, which is a necessary feature for congruence between the spatial senses.
	www.hypnosiseire.com /research/all.php?topic=illusion (6369 words)

	Some Notes on Reversible Perspective
		One could say that for nineteenth century physiology the Necker cube, along with other examples of reversible perspective and other kinds of optical illusions, was the flickering site of a paradox, the explanation of which demanded a series of methodological contortions.
		Evidence for the physiological source of illusion, according to Brewster, could be found in an experiment where the relief of a figure seen on the surface of a coin, whose source of light is consistent, will reverse when observed through an inverting lense.
		The illusion is immanent to subjectivity, and based on a misreading of cues, oriented not by an innate disposition but rather by former experience, something internal rather than external to the subject.
	www.basilisk.com /T/The_Necker_Cube_759.html (2895 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Again, the illusion can be perceived as one or the other but not both, and the perception can alternate.
		Counterbalancing ensured that half of the participants were presented with one version of the Necker cube first, and the other half were presented with the other version first.
		Consider what happens when you look at a Necker cube: suddenly it flips, and although the retinal image and visible 2-D structure are unchanged, the 3-D interpretation is different.
	www.lycos.com /info/necker-cube.html?page=2 (510 words)

	Henry Flynt Philosophy
		In the case of the Necker cube, the illusion concerned radial distance; and in a reflection, all radial distance is an illusion.
		Let the Necker cube be displayed at eye level "across the room" from me. The cube has perspective; it looks like it extends radially–that is, that some of its edges are farther from me than others.
		We note that a paradoxical view of the Necker cube is possible in which the cube appears to be projecting in both of two mutually exclusive directions at once.
	www.henryflynt.org /meta_tech/epist.html (4135 words)

	Optical Illusions Etc: free, scary, word & picture optical illusions
		Square A is exactly the same shade of grey as square B. mirage is a natural illusion that is an optical phenomenon.
		Developed illusions include phenomena such as the Necker cube and the Scintillating/Hermann grid.
		Physiological illusions, such as the afterimages following bright lights or adapting stimuli of excessively longer alternating patterns (contingent perceptual aftereffect, CAE), are the effects on the eyes or brain of excessive stimulation of a specific type - brightness, tilt, colour, movement, and so on.
	illusionsetc.blogspot.com /2004/05/what-are-optical-illusions.html (804 words)

	Necker Cube: a Visual Illusion
		When you stare at the wire frame model of a cube for a while, the cube seems to flip its orientation between two possible interpretations of the picture.
		The wireframe cube depicted in the orthographic projection, loses perspective clues that would otherwise help brain identify cube's orientation.
		This one is similar to the Staircase illusion and the Shifting Cube illusion.
	www.cut-the-knot.org /Curriculum/Geometry/Necker.shtml (113 words)

	More Info on optical illusion - - optical illuson - - optical ilusion
		An optical illusion is a type of illusion characterized by visually perceived images that are deceptive or misleading [1].
		There are physiological illusions, that occur naturally, and cognitive illusions, that can be demonstrated by specific visual tricks that show particular assumptions in the human perceptual system [2].
		Many are physiological illusions, such as the Café wall illusion which exploits the early visual system encoding for edges.
	www.usgovernetics.com /Oom-to-Pat/optical_illusion.php (1218 words)

	Practice and the Necker Cube (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Necker Cube is often used to study depth perception and abiguity.
		It is a three dimensional cube sketched or printed on a two dimensional surace.
		When one focuses on the cube the perspective, or orientation, of the three dimensional appearance is known to reverse, or "flip." The effects of learning have been studied with regard to the Necker Cube.
	www.alma.edu /departments/psychology/sp2002/ajl/larsenweb.htm (663 words)

	Optical Illusions - Info on Necker cube
		The cube appears to flip so that the red dot is sometimes inside, and sometimes outside the cube.
		This ambiguous cube shows us that anything we see is just a ‘best guess’ by our visual system.
		Your visual system has a hypothesis that the cube is at one orientation, then for some reason suddenly another hypothesis is favoured and the cube flips.
	www.at-bristol.org.uk /Optical/NeckerCube_more.htm (118 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Artists work with illusions all the time; think about it...they spend so much of their time representing what they see in the real 3-D world on a flat surface, such as paper or canvas.
		This illusion is caused by the ability of light to bend.
		It is like the "figure/ground" illusion in that it's not easy to decide which side of the cube is the front and which is the back.
	www.cdli.ca /courses/art1201/unit01/section05/lesson01/3-lesson-a.htm (569 words)

	Necker Cube (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Necker Cube was discovered in 1832 by a Swiss crystallographer, Louis Albert Necker (link to source) It may appear to be projecting forward, toward the viewer, or moving back in space.
		The illusion was presented to each subject individually and subjects had a two-minute time period to continually reverse the illusion.
		The illusion was identical in each condition; the only variation was in the environment.
	www.alma.edu /departments/psychology/sp2000/neckercube/neckercube.htm (528 words)

	Interpreting line drawings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Clearly, labeling is not unique, as is evidenced by optical illusions such as the Necker cube.
		He did this by constructing a cube that was divided in each of the three orthogonal directions.
		When two octants are filled, we either have a rectangular slab of material which is qualitatively like a single octant cube, or a solid made up from diagonally opposite octants, which is an illegal polyhedron under the Huffman assumptions (the vertices are not all trihedral).
	www.cse.iitk.ac.in /~amit/courses/AI/vision/robyn/line_jns/node2.html (1958 words)

	Optical Illusions - free fun scary optical illusion 3d art images
		An optical illusion is any illusion that deceives the human visual system into perceiving something that is not present or incorrectly perceiving what is present with the self perception theory.
		Physiological illusions, such as the afterimages following bright lights or adapting stimuli of excessively longer alternating patterns (contingent perceptual aftereffect, CAE), are the effects on the eyes or brain of excessive stimulation of a specific type - brightness, tilt, colour, movement, and so on.
		Paradox illusions offer objects that are paradoxical or impossible, such as the Penrose triangle or impossible staircases seen, for example, in the work of M. Escher.
	www.optical-illusion.net (461 words)

	Jiskha Homework Help - Social Studies: Psychology: Illusion-Delusion Confusion
		In contrast, illusions deal with stimuli that are actually present, but they are misinterpreted or hard to interpret.
		A person with a hand in the pocket might be viewed as holding a concealed gun and become a target for "self-defense." This might account for individuals who seem to senselessly kill a group of people - like the slaughter that occurred in 1984 at a McDonald's restaurant in the San Diego area.
		This should clear up the confusion between an illusion and a delusion, but I hope it doesn't make you paranoid about people who have a delusional disorder.
	www.jiskha.com /social_studies/psychology/illusion_delusion.html (680 words)

	Mark Newbold's Animated Necker Cube
		The Necker Cube is named after the Swiss crystallographer Louis Albert Necker, who in the mid-1800's saw cubic shapes spontaneously reverse in perspective.
		The Animated Necker Cube applet forces you to periodically switch your perception of the cube.
		The fl "Necker Cube" is always the same (though I draw its edges in a different order depending on which perspective I am showing).
	dogfeathers.com /java/necker.html (222 words)

	ArtLex on Optical Illusions
		Is it the one made solidly green on the cube to the left or is it the green side on the cube to the right, or is there no nearest side at all?
		More people interpret a magic cube as the one on the left than the one on the right.
		When viewed (preferably with one eye) at a rotating speed of 40-60 rpm, the disks present an optical illusion of depth, and in a few cases, of three-dimensional objects: a fishbowl a light bulb, and a balloon.
	www.artlex.com /ArtLex/o/opticalillusion.html (874 words)

	Necker Cube (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		There are two ways to see a line drawing of a cube.
		Sometimes one face of the cube looks like it is at the front, and then the same face appears to be at the back.
		Notice how the cube reverses each time a block goes through it.
	wisebytes.net /illusions/necker.php (73 words)

	ego syntonic » Blog Archive » What is Consciousness? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Through subjective introspection, we know, for example, that a Necker cube cannot be observed in both orientations simultaneously, and that the visual system, when presented with a Necker cube, will settle on one orientation or the other.
		The visual system can switch between the two, but once a portion of the cube is committed to a particular orientation, through an elaborate neurological switching mechanism (constraint satisfaction network), the rest of the neural architecture instantiating that image shifts so that all the information in the visual system is integrated in a particular way.
		Of course, one can argue that this optical illusion exists because the brain is designed with geometric-spatial expectations about its environment (the result of evolving for millenia in a 3D world), and the Necker cube presents an ambiguity that is difficult to resolve, but this has nothing to do with information integration more generally.
	striz.org /blog/?p=205 (1836 words)

	OPPRINTS Illusion Gallery: The Necker Cube (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The cube either points down to the left or up to the right.
		There is a tendency for the perception to flip back and forth between these two views.
		Of course, there is no cube, just a collection of lines on a flat surface.
	www.opprints.co.uk /simple-necker.php (88 words)

	reversible perspective 2
		A perfect illusion, such as provided by the stereoscope, confirmed his theory that sensations were really signs and therefore susceptible to confusions in meaning.
		If, for Brewster, sensations were the very facts of the existence of objects, that perceptions arose in their very presence, then the Wheatstone stereoscope, according to Helmholtz, suggested quite the opposite: the stereoscope confronted vision with its own corporeal muteness: the eye was only a receptacle of sensation, not an intelligent organ.
		Optical illusions were precisely the case of one's confusing the meanings of one's sensations.
	www.basilisk.com /N/neckercube_2_739.html (1879 words)

	Quoth the Raven: More on stained glass Necker cubes
		Trompe-l'oeil ("fool-the-eye") is a kind of art illusion, usually creating a very vivid depiction of 3D objects on a 2D surface, such as a painting or a mural, like below.
		I had to look up Necker cubes to make sure I was thinking of the right thing; here is an example (Mathworld is a wonderful resource for math definitions and bibliographies; both of these examples are from Necker cube there.):
		Even though we are restricted to 3D space, still, the illusion has to "flicker" through something as it changes, much like the 2D cubes "flicker" through the illusion of 3D.
	ravensara.blogspot.com /2005/06/more-on-stained-glass-necker-cubes.html (648 words)

	LOL Illusion-Delusion Confusion
		David A. Gershaw, Ph.D. Just recently in my introductory psychology course, a student did not know the difference between an "illusion" and a "delusion." Since this is a common source of confusion, it is worth explaining.
		For most people, as their concentration shifts from dot to dot, the cube seems to "flip-flop" – the front and back sides seem to reverse themselves.
		A person with a hand in the pocket might be viewed as holding a concealed gun and become a target for "self-defense." This might account for individuals who seem to senselessly kill a group of people – like the slaughter that occurred in 1984 at a McDonald's restaurant in the San Diego area.
	members.cox.net /dagershaw/lol/IllusionDelusion.html (695 words)

	Creating solid networks
		Opaque representations have the disadvantage of hiding the rear structure.
		Simple line drawings can produce the "Necker cube" illusion, in which it is not clear whether a line belongs to the front or rear surface.
		The dual to the octahedron is a cube (Fig.
	arpam.free.fr /hart.htm (2600 words)

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