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Topic: Nectanebo I

	Nectanebo II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nectanebo II (ruled 360 - 343 BC), also known by the name Nakhthoreb, was the third and last king of the Thirtieth dynasty of Egypt and the last native ruler of the country.
		Nectanebo was placed on the Egyptian throne by Spartan king Agesilaus II, who helped him overthrow Teos and fight off a rival pretender.
		With Nectanebo's flight all organized resistance to the Persians collapsed, and Egypt once again was reduced to a satrapy of the Persian Empire.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nectanebo_II (259 words)

	Thirtieth dynasty of Egypt - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nectanebo was in control of all of Egypt by November of 380 BC, and spent much of his reign defending his kingdom from Persian reconquest with the occasional help of Sparta or Athens.
		Nectanebo II's reign was dominated by the efforts of the Persian rulers to reconquer Egypt, which they considered a satrapy in revolt.
		This second invasion proved successful, and Nectanebo was forced to withdraw from his defenses in the Nile Delta to Memphis, where he saw that his cause was lost.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Thirtieth_dynasty_of_Egypt (377 words)

	Nectanebo II -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Nectanebo II (ruled (additional info and facts about 360) 360 - 343 BC), also known by the name Nakhthoreb, was the third and last king of the (additional info and facts about Thirtieth dynasty of Egypt) Thirtieth dynasty of Egypt and the last native ruler of the country.
		Nectanebo was placed on the Egyptian throne by (A resident of Sparta) Spartan king (additional info and facts about Agesilaus II) Agesilaus II, who helped him overthrow Teos and fight off a rival pretender.
		With Nectanebo's flight all organized resistance to the Persians collapsed, and Egypt once again was reduced to a (additional info and facts about satrapy) satrapy of the Persian Empire.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/n/ne/nectanebo_ii1.htm (151 words)

	Nectanebo I
		Nectanebo was able to reinforce Memphis, and in July, his enemies were forced to retreat: because of the Nile inundation, the Delta had become one great swamp.
		Nectanebo rebuilt and enlarged several important temples (e.g, at Bubastis, Memphis, Abydus, Thebes/Karnak, and Edfu) in a style that is reminiscent of the buildings of the twenty-sixth dynasty, which had been the last native dynasty before the conquest by the Persian king Cambyses in 525.
		In the last years of Nectanebo's reign, he negotiated with some of the rebellious Persian satraps, and plans were made for an attack on the Achaemenid empire, where Phoenicia was a natural target.
	www.livius.org /ne-nn/nectanebo/nectanebo_i.html (592 words)

	pothos.org - All about Alexander the Great (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Nectanebo flees to Macedonia where he meets with Olympias while King Philip is on campaign.
		The cunning Nectanebo changes himself into a dragon and has intercourse with Olympias, who firmly believes she is making love to the god.
		Nectanebo, who is called 'Neptanabus' in the text, was the last Egyptian Pharaoh and ruled from 358 BC to 342 BC.
	www.pothos.org /alexander.asp?ParaID=58 (587 words)

	Ancients 2a: Nectonibus Pharaoh
		Nectanebo was relieved of further Persian intervention during the rest of his rule because of satrap rebellions throughout the Persian Empire.
		Nectanebo II, also called Nekhtharheb II or Nekhtharehbe II, third and last king (reigned 360-343 BC) of the 30th dynasty of Egypt; he was the last of the native Egyptian kings.
		Nectanebo I 's son was Tachos and Nectanebo II was a nephew of Tachos.
	www.dowlingfamily.info /ancients/a3_1700a.htm (398 words)

	Nectanebo II
		Nectanebo was succeeded by his son Teos, who launched an offensive against Persia, trying to gain support in Phoenicia (modern Lebanon), the natural target for Egyptian expansion.
		In Greece, the Athenian orator Isocrates was greatly impressed; in a speech he delivered in 347 to Philip II of Macedonia, he said that the success of the rebels showed that Persia was doomed to be destroyed.
		Nectanebo's empty sarcophagus -it was never used because he fled to the south- was said to be discovered by the Egyptian expeditionary force of Napoleon Bonaparte.
	www.livius.org /ne-nn/nectanebo/nectanebo_ii.html (1416 words)

	XXXth Dynasty
		Nectanebo was remembered as a great builder, left numerous monuments as a testimony of the splendour of his reign.
		Nectanebo II was the last king of true Egyptian dynasty.
		Nectanebo hat to flee to the south where he had survived for some time thereafter until finally disappeared without leaving any trace.
	free.of.pl /n/narmer/dyn/30en.htm (306 words)

	f. The Late Dynastic Period (25th-31st Dynasties). 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Nectanebo I (Nakhtnebef, 380–362) from Tjeb-neter (Sebennytus) drove off a Persian invasion (371) and built and restored many monuments throughout Egypt.
		The army rebelled and replaced Teos with his son Nectanebo II (Nakhthorhebe, 369–342), the last native pharaoh.
		In 343–342, Artaxerxes III led a successful invasion, Nectanebo fled to Ethiopia, and Egypt was again made a Persian satrapy.
	www.bartleby.com /67/95.html (791 words)

	God Horus Protecting King Nectanebo II, The [Egyptian] (34.2.1) \| Object Page \| Timeline of Art History \| The ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Nectanebo II was the last native king of Egypt.
		Caught in a delicate balance between the naval power of the Greeks and the Persian empire, and dependent on Greek mercenaries, he managed to defeat the Persians once, but on their second invasion in 343 B.C., he was forced to flee, perhaps to Nubia.
		This figure of the king, dominated by the massive falcon wearing the double crown of Upper and Lower Egypt, is a continued expression of the protection of the king by the god Horus.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/ho/04/afe/hod_34.2.1.htm (185 words)

	The End of Pharaonic Egypt
		Nectanebo II's reign is described as upholding the old values Egypt had been known for for such a long period of time.
		He lived and worked before Nectanebo I/Ramses III was pharaoh in Egypt in the days of the Persian king Darius II.
		However, the conventional Nectanebo, we believe, based on cartouche information from Egypt, was Nekht-horheb, administrator of the estate of Arsames.
	www.specialtyinterests.net /end_of_pharaohs.html (1370 words)

	Dynasties 29 - 31 - Alexander The Great
		Nectanebo I - Nectanebus - Nakhthorhebe - 380-362 B.C. Nectanebo I was the first ruler of the Thirtieth Dynasty and was a general from Sebennytus.
		Teos was the second ruler of the Thirtieth Dynasty and was the son of his predecessor, Nectanebo I. After his father had died, Teos took over the throne and planned an attack on the Persians.
		Nectanebo II - Nectanebus - Nekhthorhebe - 360-343 BC Nectanebo II was the third and final ruler of the Thirtieth Dynasty.
	www.crystalinks.com /dynasty29.html (1144 words)

	Ancient Egypt: The last national dynasties: XXVIII to XXX (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In 379 Nectanebo I (Nakhtnebef) usurped the throne.
		Nectanebo, from his residence in Memphis, saw them aproaching and fled to Ethiopia.
		Statues were erected at Abydos and Bubastis, a granite temple was built at Horbeit in the Delta and bas-reliefs were carved at Karnak with a purity of style comparable to that of the Saite renaissance.
	www.reshafim.org.il /ad/egypt/reassertionofsovereignty.htm (1083 words)

	Egypt, ancient: history - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Egypt, ancient: history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Nectanebo achieved this with the support of the priests of Sais, whom he rewarded at the expense of the Greeks of Naucratis.
		Nectanebo's successor Teos tried to make friends with the Greeks, introducing taxes so he could mint drachmae to pay Greek troops.
		One of the last native kings of Egypt, Nectanebo I, had built a temple to Isis there, which Ptolemy II Philadelphus reconstructed.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Egypt,+ancient:+history (7569 words)

	Saqqara Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Nectanebo II Nectanebo II Senedjemibre, the last native ruler of Egyptian history, was the third pharaoh of the Thirtieth Dynasty.
		After gaining the general support of the army, Nectanebo II engaged himself in a civil war against his uncle and pharaoh Teos, who was eventually defeated and fled to Persia.
		Nectanebo II was responsible for building the Isis temple in Behbeit el-Hagar, and the continuing maintenance of the cult of the sacred animals in Armant, Bubastis, the Serapeum and the complex of the Mother of Apis in Saqqara.
	www.let.leidenuniv.nl /Saqqara/Saqqara/Profiles/Nectanebo_II.html (161 words)

	Egyptian Pharaohs : Late Kingdom : Dynasty 30 : Teos
		The son and successor of Nectanebo, Teos took over the throne when his father died and continued the taxes that his father had imposed to support the military -- he even increased them.
		He was eventually abandoned by the Greek mercenaries as well as his own military and fled to Persia where Artaxerxes (his erstwhile opponent) too him in and granted him asylum.
		His brother, a regent in Egypt, took control and declared his own son Nectanebo II pharaoh.
	www.phouka.com /pharaoh/pharaoh/dynasties/dyn30/02teos.html (178 words)

	Nectanebo 2
		Nectanebo 2 is famous for being the last native Egyptian king.
		It was not staged by Nectanebo, but after the Spartan king Agesilaus 2 had defeated the usurper, the ground was paved for Nectanebo.
		Nectanebo appears not to have been a strong king, having to flee from the army of the Persian king Artaxerxes 3 Ochus which had taken control of Egypt.
	i-cias.com /e.o/nectanebo2.htm (132 words)

	Egypt: Rulers, Kings and Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt: Nectanebo II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Nectanebo II was the third and final ruler of the Thirtieth Dynasty.
		Teos had fled to Persia and Nectanebo returned to Egypt as Pharaoh.
		Nectanebo ruled for eighteen years and built many monuments in Egypt.
	touregypt.net /30dyn03.htm (204 words)

	World briefs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Remains of the temple include mosaics as well as stone pieces with Nectanebo's seal on them, Abdel-Halim Noureddin, chairman of the Supreme Council for Antiquities, said Wednesday.
		Nectanebo was the founder of the 30th dynasty in pharaonic Egypt.
		He ruled from 380-362 B.C. and was one of the last Egyptian rulers before Persians, Greeks and Romans successively took control of the country.
	www.chron.com /content/chronicle/world/96/08/08/wbs.html (503 words)

	Monthly Newsletter from Travel Egypt
		Some texts make it clear that the stone was intended for the temple of the god Thoth in Ashmunein.
		In fact, Nectanebo undertook building activity in this temple on a truly massive scale," he added.
		An historical inscription discovered in Al-Ashmuneinn in the 19th century state explicitly that Nectanebo instigated a massive building project in that temple in his eighth year.
	www.travelegypt.com /newsletter/newsletterNov2002pg2.htm (231 words)

	Article
		Of course, the king is not there himself—this is one of his shawabtys, small figurines placed in the graves of ancient Egyptians to serve as stand-ins for the deceased’s soul in case some kind of unwelcome labor is demanded in the afterlife.
		As with most other shawabtys, that of Nectanebo II is made of faience, a special non-clay-based ceramic that the ancient Egyptians began using some 5,000 years ago.
		For instance, the shawabty of Nectanebo II and other objects from later dynastic periods are distinguished by superior craftsmanship.
	www.cwru.edu /pubs/cwrumag/fall2001/features/studies/article.shtml (1883 words)

	Guardian's Ancient Egypt Discussion Board: A collection of questions
		The monuments of the old court were used as filling for the 3d Pylon, where they were discovered by archaeologists and are now on display in the Open Air Museum, where you took the picture...
		The stela is indeed of Nectanebo I, who had the same njswt-bjtj name as Sesostris I (Kheper-ka-Re).
		The Nectanebo stela is outside Cairo Museum though it isn't labelled at all.
	egyptologist.org /discus/messages/41/10019.html?1066554125 (576 words)

	Spike Gallery \| Artists \| Jean-Michel Basquiat \| Essay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Perhaps GIZA serves as an oblique reference to Nectanebo II, who, according to some accounts, began his reign in 361 B.C. (a number that occurs in the central panel), and according to others in 360.
		The number "17" in the upper right corner of the central panel also may refer to Nectanebo, marking the number of years in his reign.
		And, given Basquiat's apparent proclivity for hermeticism, it may not be a stretch to tie Alexander to the number "714", which is part of an obtuse mathematical operation on the right side of the central panel.
	www.spikegallery.com /artists/basquiat/essay2.asp (433 words)

	Good News Bible Reading Program Supplementary Material - The Throne of Britain: Its Biblical Origin and Future (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Nectanebo I, first king (reigned 380-363 BC) of the 30th dynasty of Egypt.
		Nectanebo II, third and last king (reigned 360-343 BC) of the 30th dynasty of Egypt" ("Nectanebo," Encyclopaedia Britannica, Micropaedia, p.
		Regarding the reign of Nectanebo I, the Encyclopaedia Britannica states: "A powerful army, gathered by a previous king, Achoris (reigned 393-380 BC), and largely composed of Greek mercenaries, was entrusted by Nectanebo to the Athenian Chabrias" (p.
	www.ucg.org /brp/materials/throne/appendices/ap8.html (4315 words)

	The Wargamer - Ancient Egypt - War, by God: The Fall of the Pharaohs
		Others, like Nectanebo II (343 BC) bankrupted their treasury to hire foreign mercenaries.
		Nectanebo had 20,000 Greek mercenaries with him when his army marched to challenge Persian rule.
		He defeated the Persians and took the surrender of the last of the native pharaohs, Nectanebo III.
	gladiators.wargamer.com /egypt/paw-10.asp (507 words)

	The Metropolitan Museum of Art - Works of Art: Egyptian Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The small figure of Nectanebo stands between the great talons, wearing a nemes headcloth and uraeus.
		The statue can be read as a rebus for Nakht-Hor-heb, the Egyptian form of one of Nectanebo's names—his bent arm with the sword represents the hieroglyph nakht, the falcon represents Hor (Horus), and the hieroglyph in the king's right hand is heb.
		The statue follows the late Dynastic period tradition of depicting animal images in hard stone with remarkably naturalistic details in head and feet, while the body and wings are simplified renderings of the bird's natural form.
	www.metmuseum.org /collections/view1.asp?dep=10&full=0&item=34.2.1 (276 words)

	Details of the object
		Nectanebo I and Nectanebo II belong to the last indigenous Egyptian dynasty which attempted to maintain Egyptian power and revive what might be called " Egyptian nationalism " in modern terms, accompanied by a rise in artistic and architectural activity.
		The naos is one of two shrines found at a temple in Abydos.
		Partially reconstructed, its decoration on the exterior depicts Nectanebo wearing a red crown and presenting the goddess Maat to
	www.egyptianmuseum.gov.eg /details.asp?which2=651 (123 words)

	XXXth Dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		he Thirtieth Dynasty took up the torch of the Twenty-ninth (Mendesian) Dynasty when Nectanebo, a general from Sebennytos, dethroned Nepherites II by force.
		In thirty-eight years, three pharaohs —; Nectanebo I, Djedhor and Nectanebo II — wrote the history of the
		on and successor of Nectanebo I. He continued the politics adopted by his father and lead to increased imposition of duties paid for Greek mercenaries.
	nar-mer.tripod.com /dyn/30en.htm (437 words)

	Eternal Egypt - The Avenue of Sphinxes at Luxor Temple
		It was built in the time of King Nectanebo the First, who reigned from 380 to 363 BC, of the Thirtieth Dynasty.
		The latter avenue was depicted on the walls of the tomb of Kha-bekhenet, Number Two, at Deir el-Medina.
		Each sphinx is on a rather high pedestal and has a human face resembling the features of Nectanebo the First wearing the Nemes headdress topped by the cobra.
	www.eternalegypt.org /EternalEgyptWebsiteWeb/HomeServlet?ee_website_action_key=action.display.element&story_id=14&module_id=128&language_id=1&element_id=30769 (328 words)

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