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Topic: Negative feedback

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	What is Negative Feedback?
		The use of global negative feedback does several things: it flattens and extends the frequency response, it reduces distortion generated in the stages encompassed by the feedback loop, and it reduces the effective output impedance of the amplifier, which increases the damping factor.
		The other disadvantage of a negative feedback amplifier is that the transition from clean to distorted is much more abrupt, because the negative feedback tends to keep the amp distortion to a minimum until the output stage clips, at which point there is no "excess gain" available to keep the feedback loop operating properly.
		Closely related to the subject of negative feedback is the use of frequency-dependent elements in the feedback loop to shape the overall response of the amplifier.
	www.aikenamps.com /NegativeFeedback.htm (1288 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Negative feedback
		Negative feedback feeds part of a system's output, inverted, into the system's input; generally with the result that fluctuations are attenuated.
		In contrast, positive feedback is a feedback in which the system responds in the same direction as the perturbation, resulting in amplification of the original signal instead of stabilizing the signal.
		The negative feedback amplifier was invented by Harold Stephen Black at Bell Laboratories in 1927.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Negative_feedback_loop (588 words)

	Biology4Kids.com: Animal Systems: System Regulation
		Negative feedback is a process that happens when your systems need to slow down or completely stop a process that is happening.
		Positive feedback is the opposite of negative feedback in that encourages a physiological process or amplifies the action of a system.
		Positive feedback is a cyclic process that can continue to amplify your body's response to a stimulus until a negative feedback response takes over.
	www.biology4kids.com /files/systems_regulation.html (476 words)

	EngineeringLove.com / Negative feedback
		I believe that negative feedback is one of the most essential facts of biology, on a level with facts such as evolution and adaptation.
		When the hypothalamus partially loses its sensitivity to feedback signals, or when inappropriate feedback signals are received, we usually experience a decline in the production of many hormones that are essential to keep us biologically young: growth hormone, testosterone, dhea, melatonin.
		But there is a surprising parallelism between biological negative feedback, general psychological negative feedback, and negative feedback in your love life.
	www.engineeringlove.com /negative_feedback.htm (895 words)

	Search Results for "Negative feedback"
		Feedback that reduces the output of a system, such as the action of heat on a thermostat to limit the output of a furnace or the accumulation of toxic waste products...
		...cortisol is the major regulator of ACTH production in the pituitary gland; it acts by negative feedback inhibition, i.e., a rise in the level of cortisol in the blood...
		The hormones FSH and LH inhibit the amount of Gn-RH released by a mechanism called "negative feedback." In the female, FSH causes an increase in the weight...
	www.bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/sitesearch?FILTER=&query=Negative+feedback (222 words)

	Negative feedback : OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
		Taking the op-amp's output voltage and coupling it to the inverting input is a technique known as negative feedback, and it is the key to having a self-stabilizing system (this is true not only of op-amps, but of any dynamic system in general).
		One great advantage to using an op-amp with negative feedback is that the actual voltage gain of the op-amp doesn't matter, so long as it's very large.
		An op-amp with negative feedback will try to drive its output voltage to whatever level necessary so that the differential voltage between the two inputs is practically zero.
	www.allaboutcircuits.com /vol_3/chpt_8/4.html (1151 words)

	Educational Psychology Interactive: Feedback
		Feedback is a very important concept in a systems view and refers to the process of receiving input from the environment based upon the actions or output of the system.
		Negative feedback reduces the error or deviation from a goal state.
		Both aspects of feedback are important; proper use depends on which is the focus--moving from the initial state or obtaining the desired goal.
	chiron.valdosta.edu /whuitt/col/behsys/feedback.html (751 words)

	Feedback
		In every feedback loop, as the name suggests, information about the result of a transformation or an action is sent back to the input of the system in the form of input data.
		Negative feedback leads to adaptive, or goal-seeking behavior: sustaining the same level, temperature, concentration, speed, direction.
		In some cases the goal is self-determined and is preserved in the face of evolution: the system has produced its own purpose (to maintain, for example, the composition of the air or the oceans in the ecosystem or the concentration of glucose in the blood).
	pespmc1.vub.ac.be /FEEDBACK.html (420 words)

	Giving Employees Negative Feedback
		Giving employees negative feedback is a tough task for any manager.
		Very often, managers often find that despite being tactful in giving negative feedback, they find employees harboring a grudge against their bosses.
		Negative feedback is a must in extreme situations.
	www.hrprofessor.com /article45.html (620 words)

	The Emperor's New Clothes - Providing Negative Feedback
		Feedback is a very powerful concept, which has been misunderstood and misused, but more often under-utilized.
		Today's effective supervisor must be able to communicate negative feedback to their employees in a fashion, which is conducive to an even honest exchange of ideas, concepts, feelings, and thoughts.
		When delivered negatively, this feedback has the subtly of a falling anvil, usually causing the message to be garbled by resentments and anger thus failing in it's basic efforts to be informative.
	www.selfgrowth.com /articles/Earle1.html (1299 words)

	Negative feedback can be destabilising
		It is quite obvious that the subjection of every variable of a system to negative feedback is mandatory for the stable maintenance of a stationary state.
		The critical length of a feedback circuit is 2: negative feedback involving 1 or 2 state variables provides stability per se to an isolated linear system, while it doesn't when longer circuits are involved.
		Figure 1: Interaction graph associated to a 3-dimensional matrix possessing a single, negative feedback circuit; if such a matrix is the Jacobian matrix of a differential system at a stationary state, the stationary state is unstable.
	cinquin.org.uk /roles_of_feedback/node4.html (319 words)

	Feedback - a key concept in Economics and Management
		In this sense, negative feedback loops are (ceteris paribus) auto-regulating.
		It is generally agreed that a decision maker receiving positive feedback tends to be motivated and to continue with the previously chosen course of action only slightly modifying it.
		timing when feedback is given; generally, feedback can be obtained either immediately after the decision making or be delayed (shortly after the decision), or be postponed (delivered much time after the decision making action), or not be delivered at all; for a discussion see this paper.
	www.economicswebinstitute.org /glossary/feedback.htm (1706 words)

	Negative Feedback Neuroendocrine Control of Inflammatory Response in the Rat is Dependent on the Sympathetic ...
		Negative Feedback Neuroendocrine Control of Inflammatory Response in the Rat is Dependent on the Sympathetic Postganglionic Neuron -- Green et al.
		Negative feedback control of inflammation is mediated by activation of nociceptive afferents that in turn activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
		ICI 118,551 antagonized the inhibition of BK-induced PE by corticosterone.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/short/17/9/3234 (570 words)

	Negative Feedback - Homeostasis?
		This article from Virology Journal (http://www.virologyj.com/home) might be of interest to the readership as it (among other things) describes a mechanism that enables protein information to modify RNA information, and is a mechanism of Larmarkian inheritance.
		Firstly, Homeostasis refers to the existence of a stable internal environment in the organism, and this is usually done, by negative feedback.
		same in the body: take a rise in temperature, the heat receptors in the skin sense it send a messange to the hypothalamus, which then responds by telling the body to sweat etc. this is negative feedback.
	www.biology-online.org /biology-forum/about260.html (815 words)

	Feedback
		Every eBay member has a Feedback Profile, which includes basic information about the member and the Feedback that their trading partners have left for them.
		Each Feedback consists of a positive, negative, or neutral rating, and a short comment.
		Feedback ratings are used to determine each member's Feedback Score.
	pages.ebay.co.uk /services/forum/feedback.html (374 words)

	I received retaliatory negative Feedback. Can it be removed?
		However, we can't remove Feedback based on a belief that a comment is untrue, undeserved, or left in retaliation.
		The Feedback system is a member-to-member system and all comments are based on each member's perception of the trading experience.
		If you've received retaliatory and undeserved Feedback, you may be hesitant to leave negative Feedback for others in the future.
	pages.ebay.com /help/feedback/questions/retaliatory-feedback.html (585 words)

	Feedback about Feedback
		Positive and negative feedback, strictly utilitarian terms in their technical usage, have taken on affective shadings in the contexts of performance appraisals and interpersonal interactions.
		Negative feedback is seen as critical, apt to be rejected if not delivered skillfully, and almost as unpleasant to give as to receive.
		Sandy obtains feedback in the form of his perceptions of the extent to which his behavior is consistent with his goals and expectations, the extent to which it produces the intended and desired effects, and the extent to which subsequent events confirm his goals, expectations, and behavior.
	home.att.net /~nickols/feedback.htm (2908 words)

	eBay Blogs - Negative Feedback Strategy
		The only negative feedback that should be given to a buyer is if he or she does not pay for the item as agreed.
		Because I felt that she was going to retaliate with negative feedback, I left her a positive because the package was wrapped well, it was everything it was supposed to be, and it was a value.
		I check her feedback prior to bidding and with only 1 negative and a few neturals in the past I gave her the benefit of the doubt.
	blogs.ebay.com /reynoldsart/entry/Negative-Feedback-Strategy/_W0QQidZ3111018 (3064 words)

	Solutions Pharmacy - A Nexos Therapeuticals Vendor
		Feedback circuits are at the root of most control mechanisms in physiology, and are particularly prominent in the endocrine system.
		Negative feedback is seen when the output of a pathway inhibits inputs to the pathway.
		Feedback loops are used extensively to regulate secretion of hormones in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis.
	www.nexostherapeuticals.com /men.asp?pageid=106 (617 words)

	fUSION Anomaly. Feedback
		Feedback may be negative, thus tending to reduce output, or positive, thus increasing output.
		Negative feedback is often deliberately introduced to increase the stability and accuracy of a system, as in the feedback amplifier invented by Harold Stephen Black.
		The negative feedback loop tends to slow down a process, while the positive feedback loop tends to accelerate it.
	fusionanomaly.net /feedback.html (1807 words)

	Essay
		As explained in our primer, negative feedback essentially creates a process which compares the output signal to the input signal, derives a difference signal, inverts it (hence the negative term) and applies that to the input of the device.
		global feedback loops the output stage of the entire amplifier to the input stage of the entire amplifier, so that the correction signal affects the entire chain in between and, likewise, the entire chain affects that correction.
		Because of this, the total error which the feedback loop must address, including the high frequency cutoff phase error, is the sum of all the gain stages of the system, which gets a few designers in trouble for reasons already mentioned.
	hometheaterhifi.com /volume_5_4/essaynegativefeedbackoctober98.html (1319 words)

	Negative Feedback
		The feedback network is, in its simplest form, a resistor from the output connected to a junction of a resistor and an active input component (the cathode or grid of a tube, the emitter or base of a transistor, the source or gate of a FET).
		Inverted feedback reduces the amplitude of these unwanted signals to insignificance because, like the other distortions, it is now added to the original signal which didn't have them to begin with, but inverted.
		For example, the feedback taken from the output transformer secondary should be fed to the cathode of the voltage amplifier tube (unless a differential amplifier is used as the first stage and not a splitter.
	gabevee.tripod.com /nfb.html (2546 words)

	Feedback and fidelity part 1
		Feedback may be as stylish as a ‘63 Dodge Dart, but it’s a dear friend who’s brought beauty and joy to my life.
		Local feedback is connected within or around a single gain stage; global feedback is connected around several gain stages, usually from the amplifier’s output to its input.
		Negative feedback operates by subtracting a portion of an amplifier’s output signal from its input.
	www.normankoren.com /Audio/FeedbackFidelity.html (3844 words)

	Essay
		As explained in our primer, negative feedback essentially creates a process which compares the output signal to the input signal, derives a difference signal, inverts it (hence the negative term) and applies that to the input of the device.
		global feedback loops the output stage of the entire amplifier to the input stage of the entire amplifier, so that the correction signal affects the entire chain in between and, likewise, the entire chain affects that correction.
		Because of this, the total error which the feedback loop must address, including the high frequency cutoff phase error, is the sum of all the gain stages of the system, which gets a few designers in trouble for reasons already mentioned.
	www.hometheaterhifi.com /volume_5_4/essaynegativefeedbackoctober98.html (1319 words)

	Feedback, Social Power, the Evolution of Social Systems
		But when positive feedback isn't moderated by negative feedback, it can become so extreme that it creates chaos: the system goes wild, often to the point of breakdown.
		Civil rights were first conceived as a negative feedback function to moderate the natural tendency of social power to concentrate in a few hands and oppress dissent.
		The effort to "internalize the costs" and to establish "quality of life indicators" is one way to revitalize the negative feedback loops needed to balance this rush towards elite profit at the expense of the whole system.
	www.co-intelligence.org /CIPol_FeedbkSocEvol.html (2024 words)

	Xbox.com \| Membership Levels - Gold Features: Feedback Wanted
		Recipients of poor feedback will take a hit on their rep, and will be matched up with other players of similar ilk.
		So when you're raging in the Underground zone, don't waste time giving negative feedback to that guy who called you a "hamfisted smacktard"—he might be entitled.
		Leave feedback and increase the odds that you'll be paired up with someone of similar skill—and character—next time you play.
	www.xbox.com /en-US/live/features/feedbackwanted.htm (839 words)

	Negative Feedback Regulation of Hormone Release in the Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis
		The usefulness of negative feedback inhibition is that it results in hormonal homeostasis, that is the maintenance of hormone levels within a particular appropriate physiological range.
		An important place to consider negative feedback inhibition is in evaluating disorders of secretion (see table at right).
		When Cushing's syndrome is due to a tumor in the adrenal cortex, increased negative feedback inhibition has the effect of decreasing secretion of tropic hormones.
	courses.washington.edu /conj/bess/feedback/newfeedback.html (752 words)

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