
	Where results make sense

Topic: Negative freedom

Related Topics

Positive freedom

Two Concepts of Liberty

Libertarian

Harm principle

John Stuart Mill

Libertarian socialism

Utopia

Tourism in Singapore

Wikisource

Positive liberty

	Negative liberty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In this negative sense, one is considered free to the extent to which no person interferes with his or her activity.
		The distinction between negative liberty and positive liberty was drawn by Isaiah Berlin in his lecture entitled "Two Concepts of Liberty." According to Berlin, the distinction is deeply embedded in the political tradition: the notion of negative liberty being associated most strongly with the classical English political philosophers (e.g.
		The dichotomy of positive and negative liberty is considered specious by political philosophers in traditions such as socialism, social democracy, libertarian socialism, and marxism.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Negative_liberty (589 words)

	Freedom (political) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		"Negative freedom" may generally be defined as the absence of constraint upon an individual (see negative liberty).
		The concept of political freedom is closely allied with the concepts of civil liberties and human rights, and the fundamental idea of positive and negative freedom corresponds with the concept of positive and negative rights.
		In jurisprudence, freedom is the right to autonomously determine one's own actions; generally it is granted in those fields in which the subject has no obligations to fulfill or laws to obey, according to the interpretation that the hypothetical natural unlimited freedom is limited by the law for some matters.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Freedom_(political) (669 words)

	Positive and Negative Liberty
		Negative liberty is the absence of obstacles, barriers or constraints.
		To promote negative freedom is to promote the existence of a sphere of action within which the individual is sovereign, and within which she can pursue her own projects subject only to the constraint that she respect the spheres of others.
		The dichotomy between ‘freedom from’ and ‘freedom to’ is therefore a false one, and it is misleading say that those who see the driver as free employ a negative concept and those who see the driver as unfree employ a positive one.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/liberty-positive-negative (6639 words)

	Negative liberty -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The philosophical concept of negative liberty is the absence of (The act of compelling by force of authority) coercion from others.
		In this negative sense, one is considered free to the extent to which no person or person interferes with his or her activity.
		According to (English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings (1588-1679)) Thomas Hobbes, for example, "a free man is he that...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/n/ne/negative_liberty.htm (441 words)

	20th WCP: What is Freedom?
		Further, freedom in a practical sense as independence of the arbitrariness from the coercion of urges through sensuality, or in the Critique of Practical Reason where freedom is seen in speculative as well as practical uses.
		Freedom appears as the opposite of necessity, as freedom of action, as freedom of will, as practical freedom, as psychological or comparative freedom compared to transcendental freedom, as the ability for pure reason to be practical for itself, as transcendental and absolute freedom.
		Freedom is experienced exactly as freedom and absence of freedom of the individual.
	www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/Mode/ModeKoka.htm (2686 words)

	Encyclopedia: Libertarian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Socialists, modern liberals and conservatives often argue that the libertarian definition of "freedom" is flawed or incorrect.
		As an example, many libertarians hold that personal liberties (such as privacy and freedom of speech) are inseparable from economic liberties (such as the freedom to trade, labor, or invest).
		Critics of both these positions generally point to the historical record of democratic governments as evidence that democracy and popular rule have succeeded not only in containing government abuse of freedom, but have in fact transformed the state from a violent master of the people into their loyal and peaceful servant.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Libertarian (2899 words)

	Negative Liberty - Political Freedom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Freedoms omitted: Economic freedoms are not explicitly mentioned in a negative view of freedom.
		The idea of ‘freedom from’ also does not establish a fundamental freedom of humanity (such as freedom to express one’s essence), nor does it require all to partake in freedom (unlike positive liberty).
		Kant - Freedom for Kant can be expressed to its fullest in a state of maximal freedom, where each individual respects the freedoms of every other individual to the extent that each and every person can possess that same freedom without infringing upon the freedom of others.
	www.msu.edu /course/iah/231a/rauscher/Political.htm (456 words)

	identity theory \| from liberty cabbage to freedom fries
		If negative freedom is freedom from, positive freedom is freedom to: the empowerment of individuals to realize their goals or needs.
		Only the ideals of positive freedom, which require a decision about which negative freedoms will be limited for the greater good, can lead to an ethic of social justice that goes beyond simply allowing individuals to live unmolested.
		It is the logic of negative freedom that unites the Republican support of the 4th amendment, the reduction of government size, and the rhetoric of “choice” that is employed by Republicans in favor of privatization.
	www.identitytheory.com /social/flaming1.html (1872 words)

	IJNL Vol 3 Iss 1: Negative Freedom of Association: Article 11 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human ...
		Freedom of association is laid down in the constitutions of many countries and in many treaties, including Article 20 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Article 11 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR).
		Freedom of association can be limited, provided that the limitation is provided for by law and is necessary in a democratic society in the interests of national safety, territorial integrity, public safety, interests of third parties, prevention of riots and offences, and protection of health and public decency (Article 11(2) of the ECHR).
		Although the concept of freedom of association is usually thought of in the positive sense, negative freedom of association is just as fundamentally important.
	www.icnl.org /journal/vol3iss1/ar_wv1.htm (1082 words)

	Teens! Use Your Freedom Wisely!
		Negative freedom is liberty from control, from regulation, and from restraint.
		Consider how a student's freedom to play his stereo loudly in the dormitory conflicts with the rights of other students to study or to rest, or how the freedom of one student to cheat on tests denies all of the other students their right to a fair system of grading.
		Positive freedom, under law and under self-restraint, is outlined in the Declaration of Independence of the United States and in the basic documents of other western countries.
	www.bible.ca /f-teen-freedom.htm (1040 words)

	The Quality of Freedom
		And since the distinction between negative and positive liberty is at the core of the book, Kramer articulates that distinction in a fairly pithy manner: “Whereas positive liberty is a matter of accomplishments, negative liberty is a matter of opportunities” (p.2).
		Kramer’s argument is that negative liberty theorists do indeed identify some of the [412] virtues from civic republican thought and acknowledge that persons in a community may choose to sacrifice certain individual freedoms* in order to achieve other virtues (p.96).
		Much of the chapter is devoted to parsing the distinction between particular freedoms and overall freedom, and the relationship between the existence of particular freedoms and the measurement of overall freedom.
	www.bsos.umd.edu /gvpt/lpbr/subpages/reviews/kramer604.htm (2357 words)

	Nature of Freedom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Freedom is often defined in the eye of the beholder.
		Political Philosphers talk about postive and negative freedoms, with negative freedoms being those which are the lack of governmental interference and postive freedoms being those which are created by governmental interference.
		Negative freedoms are lacking in our society, but that's largely the fault of urbanization and our modern technocratic state.
	allhewanted.org /fodder/0308natureoffreedom.shtml (701 words)

	IJNL Vol 3 Iss 1: Negative Freedom of Association: Article 11 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human ...
		The question is whether this means that negative freedom of association does not fall within the scope of Article 11 of the ECHR.
		In answering that question, the Court referred to the national law of the various Member States in which negative freedom of association is guaranteed and the growing consensus in the international community regarding the worthiness of protecting negative freedom of association.
		Thus, the required membership constituted an infringement of freedom of association that was not proportional to the legitimate purpose intended; it was therefore contrary to Article 11 of the ECHR.
	www.icnl.org /journal/vol3iss1/ar_wv2.htm (1829 words)

	Criminet Article 6 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Whereas the liberal conception of freedom is the freedom of an isolated atomistic individual, the republican conception of liberty is the freedom of a social world.
		Like free political discussion, the freedom to assemble (as with the freedom to associate) may be essential to the efficacy and maintenance of the system of representative government enshrined in ss7 and 24 of the Constitution.
		While the majority dealt briefly with the implied freedom of political discussion and narrowly construed the freedom in finding that it did not invalidate the provision, it was not strictly necessary for the Court to examine the issue as it was not argued by the plaintiff.
	law.anu.edu.au /criminet/tart6.html (16939 words)

	Glossary of Terms: We (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Negative welfare is the provision by the state or other institutions of a “safety net” or the distribution of benefits according to some criteria; so-called positive welfare is the provision of opportunities for people to “help themselves”.
		The concept of positive and negative welfare is related to the concepts of positive and negative freedom.
		Marxists support both positive and negative welfare, but recognise that the market inevitably generates inequality and a class of people inevitably the recipients of welfare, who have nothing to sell but their labour power, alongside a class of people who live off the proceeds of exploitation, invariably the providers of welfare.
	www.marxists.org /glossary/terms/w/e.htm (427 words)

	Perfection Learning: Lincoln-Douglas Debate—Freedom of Expression Negative Case (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The right to freedom of expression is fundamental to the basis of our society itself, but protection of children is an issue within that society.
		Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression; this right shall include freedom to seek, receive, and impart information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers, either orally, in writing or in print, in the form of art, or through any other media of his choice.
		Rational people should be able to find ways of preserving artists' freedom of expression to make adult material while still protecting parents' rights to shield their children from works that may not yet be appropriate for them.
	www.perfectionlearning.com /clark/clark_lddonline_foeneg.adp (1521 words)

	Social Research : Negative Freedom and Cultural Belonging: An Unhealthy Tension in the Political Philosophy of Isaiah ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Social Research : Negative Freedom and Cultural Belonging: An Unhealthy Tension in the Political Philosophy of Isaiah Berlin(*).
		Start / S / Social Research / December 22, 1999 / Negative Freedom and Cultural Belonging: An Unhealthy Tension in the Political Philosophy of Isaiah Berlin(*).
		Negative Freedom and Cultural Belonging: An Unhealthy Tension in the Political Philosophy of Isaiah Berlin(*).
	static.highbeam.com /s/socialresearch/december221999/negativefreedomandculturalbelonginganunhealthytens/index.html (207 words)

	Kenan Malik's review of 'Isaiah Berlin' by Michael Ignatieff
		The best way to entrench freedom, Berlin insisted, was to free people from obstacles to the exercise of their own free choice, not to tell them how to use their own freedom.
		Berlin's stress on the importance of freedom often led him into indiscriminate denunciations of 'historical determinism', believing as he did that all theories of historical development denied the notion of free will.
		It is the case for the importance of human freedom, rather than the claims for the divided human self, which is likely to be Isaiah Berlin's lasting legacy.
	www.kenanmalik.com /reviews/ignatieff_berlin.html (1863 words)

	negative freedom essays: essays-helper.com- essays helper, term papers helper, book reports helper, research papers ...
		uses her freedom merely to reject proposals, and it is just at this point that she inherits a large fortune for the first time in her life.
		Now, she has the possibility of exercising her freedom while dreading it--“She scrutinize[s] her power with a kind of tender ferocity, but she [is] not eager to exercise it” (PL 200), an indication that Isabel is “frightened” of herself and her possible desires...
		On essays-helper.com there are hundreds of free essay abstracts written by your fellow college students on negative freedom essays.
	www.essays-helper.com /term-papers/3529/negative-freedom-essays.html (419 words)

	Court rules that examination fees do not violate negative freedom of association (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The judgment was the latest episode in a long-running dispute over so-called "examination fees" (granskningsavgifter) paid to trade unions in the building sector (SE9912109N) and their relation to the issue of a "negative right of association" - ie the right of workers not to join a union.
		The main issue in the case concerned whether the deduction from five non-unionised workers' wages of an "examination fee" involved a violation of these workers' negative freedom of association, based on the Council of Europe's European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.
		There is thus reason to believe that the issue of the negative right of association may reappear in the public and legal debate, and in the Labour Court.
	www.eiro.eurofound.eu.int /print/2001/04/inbrief/SE0104191N.html (839 words)

	Freedom From or Freedom For? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Freedom from is always from the past, and freedom for is always for the future.
		Freedom for is a spiritual dimension because you are moving into the unknown and perhaps, one day, into the unknowable.
		Freedom from is clear, and I am not against it.
	www.barnet.sk /software/sos/osho/osho-talks/transm42.htm (4582 words)

	Positive & Negative Liberties in Three Dimensions
		Thus, in two important cases, we see the citizen, in body and home, in personal freedom and the property rights of small land owners, protected by the conservatives and stiffed by the "liberals." It was a season of disgrace for the so-called "liberals," whose true loyalty, to the state, is again revealed.
		Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) is often credited with originating the idea of negative freedom and of "civil society" (as opposed to "political society"), which is then that sphere of action free of government control in which citizens actually exercise their negative freedom.
		Hobbes, however, was an absolutist who honored nothing in the way of "positive" political liberties and who saw the sphere of civil society and negative freedom as granted and allowed entirely at the discretion of the monarch.
	www.friesian.com /quiz.htm (6447 words)

	Social Research: Negative Freedom and Cultural Belonging: An Unhealthy Tension in the Political Philosophy of Isaiah ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		As is well known, Berlin was even convinced that the normative ideal of negative liberty was somewhat dependent on a critique of rational monism as it was developed in that romantic movement of cultural pluralism and expressionism.
		On the contrary, to experience a plurality of values as a field of possible tensions, as a challenge for decisions made with an awareness of possibly tragic losses, is, in Berlin's eyes, constitutive of the human condition--a condition characterized by having to choose between often incompatible values (Berlin, 1991: 1-19, 20-48).
		But the tension between negative liberty and those cultural rights Berlin defends is a tension of another sort.
	www.findarticles.com /cf_dls/m2267/4_66/60869067/p1/article.jhtml (1095 words)

	Democracy Survey
		This was one of my questions that attempted to get at what I take to be the heart and soul of the matter: the difference between having positive freedom, i.e., the freedom to run one's own government, and abdicating that freedom to someone else.
		It puts the positive freedom (freedom to) versus negative freedom (freedom from) decision as clearly as I could (not without a certain awkwardness).
		I was mildly surprised at how many of you went for this one, a sort of embodiment of negative freedom.
	www.siu.edu /%7Edfll/classics/Johnson/Greeks/Lectures/Democratic%20quiz.htm (1145 words)

	CMC Magazine January 1996: A Plea for Understanding--Beyond False Dilemmas on the Net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Philosophers in the modern era distinguish between two elements of freedom: negative freedom and positive freedom.
		Negative freedom stresses freedom as freedom from constraints--the constraints of external coercion (whether brute force, laws, or their enforcement mechanisms), the more subtle forces of social pressures to conform, etc. This conception of freedom is stressed precisely in the modern era, beginning with philosophers such as Thomas Hobbes.
		One is to be left simply to the promptings of desire: such arationality, however, is not usually regarded as a prescription for individual fulfillment or social progress.
	www.december.com /cmc/mag/1996/jan/ess2aneg.html (235 words)

	SuperWisdom.Com - Freedom from Negative Emotions
		We also learned from bitter experience how drained we were of all energy after having given way to a negative emotion, so that there was no longer any need for Ouspensky to tell us that we lost a great deal of valuable energy through them.
		The best hope of learning how to avoid falling such an easy prey to negative emotions appeared to lie in becoming more and more sensitive to the early signs of their advent, and, having detected their close proximity to us, to step aside in time.
		Ouspensky pointed out that whereas the intellectual and the moving-instinctive centers possessed their negative sides, emotional center was without one.
	www.superwisdom.com /freedomfromemotions.html (365 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)