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Topic: Negative resistance

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	Zinc Negative Resistance Oscillator.
		This is ok since both types of negative resistance can have the effect of gain, supplying enough energy to an LC circuit for it to become an oscillator.
		The two forms of negative resistance are sometimes called type S and a type N. The S type is the type found here and in other devices such as a unijunction transistor and the old carbon arc oscillators.
		Negative resistance audio oscillator driving speaker with enough volume to be heard across the room.
	home.earthlink.net /~lenyr/zincosc.htm (2088 words)

	BICMOS monolithic microwave oscillator using negative resistance cell - Patent 5578970
		The combination of the resonator and the negative resistance cell produce a periodic RF microwave signal that is sampled, amplified and buffered by the buffer circuit without degradation.
		Negative resistance cells are well known in the art for use in an active circuit to provide an oscillating system for generation of periodic output signals.
		Negative resistance cell 120 includes a bipolar junction NPN transistor 150, having a parallel connected impedance 152 and a capacitance 154 coupled between its emitter and ground 118.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5578970.html (2656 words)

	Learn Electronics Lessons and Information Pages
		A system where the negative terminal of the source is connected to the system's metal chassis.
		A resistance such that when the current through it increases the voltage drop across the resistance decreases.
		An atom in which the number of negative charges (electrons in orbit) is equal to the number of positive charges (protons in the nucleus).
	www.twysted-pair.com /dictn.htm (791 words)

	Interactive negative resistance multiple-stable state device - Patent 3996484
		Devices exhibiting negative-resistance characteristics are adjusted and irconnected to form a composite device in a manner to permit negative-resistance regions of each device to cooperatively interact to provide additional stable states in excess of the number of stable states exhibited by the composite device not operating in a negative-resistance interactive mode.
		Negative resistance devices have been of fundamental importance in the development of electronic apparatus of all types, and have long been the subject of both mathematical and experimental investigations.
		By proper manipulation of circuit parameters such as bias and resistance values (a manipulation well within the competence of one skilled in the art), the negative-resistance segments of the characteristics of the two devices are made to intersect, or overlap.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /3996484.html (3491 words)

	Negative Resistance Revived
		At this point, the original article goes on to describe negative resistance in the screen grid or tetrode valve, the Dynatron Oscillator, the 6A8 Negative Transconductance Oscillator and the Magnetron Oscillator which are relevant to negative resistance application in the electron tube era.
		The value of negative resistance is determined by the slope of the curve and, for stable operation at the operating point, the bias supply must have a lower source resistance than the value of negative resistance.
		For the circuit to oscillate at the required frequency, the shunt resistance presented by the tuned circuit L-C1 at resonance must be not less than the value of negative resistance.
	users.tpg.com.au /users/ldbutler/NegativeResistance.htm (1544 words)

	Mpex Pharmaceuticals - Making proven antibiotics better
		Mpex Pharmaceuticals is a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company whose mission is to develop important new therapies to combat the growing issue of antibiotic resistance.
		More than 70 percent of these hospital-acquired infections are caused by pathogens that are resistant to at least one of the drugs most commonly used to treat them.
		Efflux pumps have been shown to be a primary source of drug resistance in many gram-negative pathogens.
	www.mpexpharma.com (493 words)

	The Tom Bearden Website
		The negative resistance was observed in a direction perpendicular to the fiber layers.
		The magnitude of the apparent negative resistance decreased with increasing temperature.
		Apparent negative resistance was also observed in carbon fiber cement-matrix composites and in bare carbon fibers held together by pressure.
	www.cheniere.org /misc/chung.htm (1606 words)

	Mechanism of Repolarization and Early Afterdepolarizations (EADs): Insights from current-voltage curves
		My investigations revealed 3 different conditions where the role of reopening could be explored: Reopening during the positive resistance region of the repolarizing i/v curve; Reopening during the negative resistance region of the repolarizing i/v curve; and reopening when the membrane potential is precisely at the transition from the positive to the negative resistance region.
		As the negative resistance region is restored, the minimum of the negative resistance region becomes less, the result of adding an increasing Ca current to the inward and decreasing delayed rectifier K currents.
		As the ramp rate is slowed, the negative resistance region increases in amplitude, the minimum shifts in the depolarizing direction and the safety factor is reduced.
	frank.itlab.us /ead (4618 words)

	CDC - Fluoroquinolones Protective against Cephalosporin Resistance in Gram-negative Nosocomial Pathogens
		Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins in gram-negative nosocomial pathogens is a formidable problem, associated with adverse clinical outcomes and increased hospital costs (1–4).
		Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins among gram-negative nosocomial pathogens is associated with increased mortality, length of stay, and hospital costs (1–4).
		Fluoroquinolone resistance, not addressed in our study, occurs primarily by means of chromosomal mutation (18), and resistant mutants could potentially be selected for by increased use of this class of antimicrobial agent.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/eid/vol10no1/02-0663.htm (3058 words)

	Negative-resistance semiconductor device
		In this example, the negative resistance device NRD consists of a first depletion-mode field-effect transistor F1 of n-channel junction type, a second depletion-mode field-effect transistor F2 of p-channel junction type and a third field-effect transistor F3 as a variable resistance device of n-channel junction type.
		The variable resistance element X may be a bi-polar transistor, a pressing-force sensitive or strain-sensitive element, a light-sensitive element, for instance, a phototransistor or a solar battery or a magnetic-field-sensitive element.
		Since the field-effect transistors and the variable resistance element constituting the negative resistance device of the present invention are semiconductor devices, the device of the present invention is suitable to be constituted in one monolithic wafer as an integrated circuit.
	www.skk-banjaluckapivara.com /invent/tree_harvester/negative-resistance_semiconductor.html (1665 words)

	Negative Resistance and Frequency Tuning
		Negative resistance cells improves the Q factor of a resonant circuit, which determines bandwidth of an amplifier, and switched capacitor cells provides frequency tuning.
		The requirements on negative resistance cells and switched capacitor array were derived from requirements on LNA and originates in bluetooth technical specifications.
		Total negative resistance needed for the oscillator - 1 mS (This requirement was derived from the given resistance of the LC tank circuit - 1kOhm)
	www.eece.ksu.edu /~eece765/team2/Rado/final.html (1837 words)

	UltraNutrition - How to Be an "11" Without Really Trying - Nutrition and Dietary Supplements for Health Fitness and ...
		It’s called the "negative resistance" workout, and it’s followed by some of the country’s greatest athletes, as well as the some of its tallest, skinniest models.
		Negative resistance - or the reverse pressure necessary to return the muscle to a stretched, starting position - refers to the lowering phase of weight lifting, which, May claims, produces more results than the lifting phase.
		Negative resistance is a huge jump ahead in the field of fat-reduction according to its fans.
	www.ultranutrition.com /bean11.htm (588 words)

	Negative Resistance Revived
		At this point, the original article goes on to describe negative resistance in the screen grid or tetrode valve, the Dynatron Oscillator, the 6A8 Negative Transconductance Oscillator and the Magnetron Oscillator which are relevant to negative resistance application in the electron tube era.
		The value of negative resistance is determined by the slope of the curve and, for stable operation at the operating point, the bias supply must have a lower source resistance than the value of negative resistance.
		For the circuit to oscillate at the required frequency, the shunt resistance presented by the tuned circuit L-C1 at resonance must be not less than the value of negative resistance.
	www4.tpgi.com.au /users/ldbutler/NegativeResistance.htm (1544 words)

	How do We Make Decreased, Zero and Negative Resistance?
		Trying to explain the unexplained things in electronics to my students, I have been noting that the large part of the truth about circuit phenomena is hidden in the movement from simple to complex circuits than in the final perfect circuit solutions.
		In order to really comprehend the phenomenon of negative resistance (and of every new thing in this life), we need first to know what the general idea behind it is.
		So, the best way to reveal the negative resistance phenomenon is to show (reinventing step-by-step the circuits) the evolution of "ordinary" ohmic resistors into negative ones.
	www.circuit-fantasia.com /circuit_stories/inventing_circuits/decreased_resistance/decreased_resistance.htm (2013 words)

	Negative resistance element circuit combinations (Site not responding. Last check: )
		However, in the Ezaki diode, since the negative resistance is obtained at the P-N junction of the semiconductive substances, the negative differential conductivity is exhibited only for a specific polarity, and because of the capacitance existing at the junction point, the element cannot be used at frequencies higher than 10 GHz.
		The disappearance of the high field domain causes the resistance of the semiconductor element 1 to decrease, and the current flowing therethrough is increased as indicated by the pulselike peaks in FIG.
		The inside electric field is thus affected by the signal voltage applied at the control element, and an alternating negative resistance of the amplitude and frequency corresponding to the input signal is obtained.
	www.sacnewsmonthly.com /invent/fermentation/negative_resistance_element_circuit_combinations.html (2335 words)

	The Chung's Negative Resistance experiment - ( 05-20-01 )
		The negative resistance was observed in a direction perpendicular to the fiber layers.
		In the situation of zero apparent resistance, the two flows are nonzero but balanced, such that the voltage across the flow region is zero.
		The mechanism of apparent negative resistance is quite rich, due to the involvement of electron backflow.
	jlnlabs.imars.com /cnr/cnrexp1.htm (1167 words)

	Forestalling pesticide, antibiotic resistance possible, theory predicts
		The technique is called negative cross-resistance, and it involves using multiple pesticides in a precise way to stop the pests.
		"Although negative cross-resistance is not 'the' answer to dealing with resistance to pesticides, it certainly has the potential to play a significant role in dramatically slowing the rate at which resistance enters insect populations," Pittendrigh says.
		Negative cross resistance (NCR) occurs when a mutant allele confers (i) resistance to one toxic chemical and (ii) hyper-susceptibility to another.
	news.uns.purdue.edu /html4ever/010820.Pittendrigh.resist.html (1150 words)

	Influence of Transit-Time and Quantum Well Negative Resistances on Quantum Well Oscillators
		Small-signal analysis of the negative resistance of transit-time diodes is useful for establishing oscillation thresholds, and hence the structures needed to obtain the highest possible operating frequencies from these devices.
		The negative resistance enhancement in the QWITT diode is simply due to the fact that the injection conductance is negative and the electric field is allowed to drop over a drift region.
		This resistance is the ratio of the change in voltage across the depletion layer to the change in current density.
	weewave.mer.utexas.edu /MED_files/MED_research/RTDs_QWITTs/QWITT_sml_sig/qwitt_sml_sig.html (4005 words)

	Bearden on Bedinis' Negative Resistance Effect - 04/09/00
		Because of the negative resistor effect and its extraction of excess energy from the vacuum, this open dissipative system can output more energy than the chemical energy that is dissipated in the battery.
		We point out that these negative resistor effects can in fact occur in a battery that is almost completely discharged, and John has also demonstrated such specific negative resistor formation and operation in a nearly uncharged battery for a sustained period of time.
		The source dipole, once made, is a true negative resistor that freely extracts observable, usable field energy from the vacuum, and pours it out through the terminals of the generator or battery.
	www.keelynet.com /bedmot/bedbear.htm (9409 words)

	Antibiotic Rotation and Development of Gram-Negative Antibiotic Resistance American Journal of Respiratory and Critical ...
		This global emergence of antibiotic resistance is fueled by the widespread use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, creating a continuous selective pressure, and by lapses in infection control, which facilitate transmission of resistant pathogens.
		Dynamics of antibiotic resistance within hospital settings are determined by introduction of resistance, cross-transmission, and selection and induction of resistant strains during antibiotic therapy (3).
		To attain a better understanding on the epidemiology of antibiotic resistance in gram-negative microorganisms, we performed a prospective study in which two different antibiotic classes (quinolones and β-lactam antibiotics) with different mechanisms for resistance development were cycled during four 4-month periods in a surgical ICU.
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa4085/is_200503/ai_n11849692 (952 words)

	KeelyNet on negative resistance - 04/07/00
		The following information is with regard to negative resistance as has been discussed on the KeelyNet Interact discussion as posted on the eScribe KeelyNet public archives.
		So one way to produce a true negative resistor in electrical circuitry, is to somehow produce a material or component that causes a convergence (i.e., negative divergence) of the otherwise divergent energy of a normal resistance, and outputs that reconverged energy in a coherent energy flow or stream.
		...negative resistance indicates that the electrons in the system are flowing in a direction opposite to that in which they normally flow.
	www.keelynet.com /zpe/negistor.htm (619 words)

	negative resistance antenna elements
		The concept of negative resistance is somewhat arcane, but if you consider a negative resistor simply as a source instead of a load, you will be starting on the right foot.
		Negative resistances don't appear too often in amateur radio antennas, because ham antennas typically consist of only one driven element while the remaining elements are parasitic and passively tuned.
		Don't let the negative resistance bother you; it simply means that power is flowing from right to left instead of the conventional left to right on the drawing.
	www.qsl.net /km5kg/negative.htm (5052 words)

	Physics news Update 780
		A hint of negative electrical resistance emerges from a new experiment in which microwaves of two different frequencies are directed at a 2-dimensional electron gas.
		Judging from the average resistance observed for non-zero measurements, they deduce that whenever zero resistance was detected, the true microscopic resistance had actually been less than zero.
		In other words, an observed zero resistance was masking what was in fact an unstable negative- resistance state.
	www.aip.org /pnu/2006/split/780-1.html (276 words)

	Oscillations and Regenerative Amplification using Negative Resistance
		Regarding cancellation of resistive losses, both types may be shown to be equivalent, losses being effectively cancelled out by the negative resistance contributed by the active device and associated reactive components.
		The negative resistance in Fig.2-b is parallel connected to the tuned network.
		The Lambda diode is biased on its negative resistance region by the power supply and series resistors, and the circuit adjusted to the threshold of oscillation for best sensitivity and selectivity.
	www.zen22142.zen.co.uk /Theory/neg_resistance/negres.htm (755 words)

	UB Professor Looking To Identify Mechanism Behind Observation Of Negative Electrical Resistance
		Chung, who holds the Niagara Mohawk Chair in Materials Research at UB and is recognized internationally for her work in smart materials and carbon composites, presented the results on July 9 in a keynote address at the fifth International Conference on Composites Engineering in Las Vegas.
		According to Chung, negative resistance indicates that the electrons in the system are flowing in a direction opposite to that in which they normally flow.
		She stressed that the mechanism behind the observation of negative resistance at the geometrically complex interface between fiber layers is still unclear.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/1998-07/UaB-UPLT-160798.php (335 words)

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