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Topic: Negativity effect

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	Negativity effect - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The negativity effect is an attributional bias that occurs when subjects are asked what they think caused actions of other people whom they dislike.
		Under these conditions, the positivity effect is reversed and people rate the positive behavior of those they dislike to the situation and their negative behavior to something in their inherent disposition.
		The negativity effect is sometimes called the ultimate attribution error because of its clear role in racial prejudice.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Negativity_effect (142 words)

	Negativity effect -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The negativity effect is an (Click link for more info and facts about attributional bias) attributional bias that occurs when subjects are asked what they think caused actions of other people whom they dislike.
		Under these conditions, the (Click link for more info and facts about positivity effect) positivity effect is reversed and people rate the positive behavior of those they dislike to the situation and their negative behavior to something in their inherent disposition.
		The negativity effect is sometimes called the ultimate attribution error because of its clear role in racial (A partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation) prejudice.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/N/Ne/Negativity_effect.htm (187 words)

	Positivity effect - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The positivity effect refers to the tendency for people to attribute the positive behavior of other people whom they like to their disposition, while attributing negative behavior to their situation.
		The opposite effect is called the negativity effect in which the opposite bias in attribution is found when subjects rate others whom they specifically dislike.
		The term positivity effect has also been used to describe the finding that, compared with younger adults' memories, older adults' memories are more likely to consist of positive than negative information and more likely to be distorted in a positive direction.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Positivity_effect (162 words)

	Negativity Effect And The Emergence Of Ideologies* (SMEALSearch) - Pal,Rangaswamy,Giles,Debnath (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Negativity effect" refers to the psychological phenomenon that people tend to attach greater weight to negative information than to equally extreme and equally likely positive information in a variety of information processing tasks.
		This effect can explain the observed decrease of popularity for a president the longer he is in office.
		We construct a dynamic model of political competition, incorporating the negativity effect in the...
	smealsearch2.psu.edu /3594.html (304 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This process assumes that the effects of exposure to positive information about the out-group and negative information about the in-group (disconfirming the in-group-positive and out-group-negative stereotypes) will be symmetrical for both groups and precludes any analysis of effects on the in-group and out-group independently.
		Negative traits were moody, indecisive, possessive, boring, stingy, tactless, snobbish, annoying, envious, and impractical.
		Negative traits were gullible, materialistic, irresponsible, selfish, untrustworthy, greedy, boastful, and sloppy.
	members.aol.com /krisd922/Social/Article1.htm (8627 words)

	[No title]
		Garramone asserted that one tactic to obtain the intended effect is to make the opponent untruthful, and she suggested that the perceived truthfulness of negative political advertising may determine its impact.
		Because negative messages derive their impact from a broader range of intervening variables than do positive messages, candidates whose message strategies are exclusively positive limit their potential voters to fewer criteria for judgment, and at the same time, limit themselves to fewer avenues of potential impact.
		As expected, negative political advertising was perceived as untruthful, and perceived truthfulness was positively related to favorable attitudes toward the sponsor and negatively related to favorable attitudes toward the target.
	www.scripps.ohiou.edu /wjmcr/vol02/2-1a-B.htm (4134 words)

	Misinformation effect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Loftus describes the "misinformation effect," in which inaccurate informationabout a prior event is nevertheless made part of the memory of the event.
		effects that have been found in studies of misinformation effects in...as the relation between RI and misinformation effects in eyewitness memory.
		This pattern is called the suggestibility effect or the misinformation effect.The suggestibility effect has been found in numerous studies with both...
	www.totalsandwich.com /misinformation+effect.html (832 words)

	Crisp Volume 6 No 1
		A "negativity effect" was observed in two studies by Yzerbyt and Leyens (1991) and Leyens and Yzerbyt (1992) who found that perceivers terminated their searches earlier when sampling exclusively negative rather than exclusively positive trait information about a target person.
		The negativity effect was expected to be muted in the bicategorical searches compared to the unicategorical searches, since negative information may reorient, rather than shorten a search when more than one information category is available.
		The negativity effect was noticeably diminished in the bicategorical information environment used in the present study and may be further reduced or even eliminated in an information environment with many information categories.
	www.uiowa.edu /~grpproc/crisp/crisp.6.1.htm (5921 words)

	APS 15th Annual Convention Program Book :: Submission Detail
		The effects of attractiveness and trait valence on impression formation were examined through the physical attractiveness stereotype bias and the negativity effect.
		The present study examined the effects of attractiveness and trait information valence on impression formation through competing explanations: the physical-attractiveness bias and the negativity effect.
		Ratings for both the primary impression formation question and a âchangeâ variable were computed to indicate the change in their responses to the primary impression formation question from the first to the second questionnaire.
	www.psychologicalscience.org /cfs/program/view_submission.cfm?Abstract_ID=3584 (501 words)

	page18.htm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		For yes indeed, Seth Spoke and many more followed suit to the effect that "negativity" is a subjective misperception, brought about by the masking opacities of our 3rd density camouflage world and therefore—like a deepsea fish—unable to survive the transition to the "upper atmospheres".
		effect nucleates the subtle, radiant-psychic ethers reflecting the given (operative) Typologies so that mind and idea seem to occupy a position of faint interiority with respect to the fixed "physical" envelope of structural consistency and inertial repetition, into which those psychic coordinates are aligned.
		Beyond even the valuation of Positive or Negative in relation to these sources, we ought to be asking the more central question as to what order of being, what class of intelligence or spiritual development seeks to respond to the inquiry of 3rd density consciousness through these specific means.
	zelator.topcities.com /text3.htm (6355 words)

	Trait ascription bias - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This may be because our own internal states are much more observable and available to us than those of others.
		This attributional bias has an obvious role in the formation and maintenance of stereotypes and prejudice, combined with the negativity effect.
		A similar bias on the group level is called the outgroup homogeneity bias.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Trait_ascription_bias (138 words)

	Anatomy of the N400: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In contrast with the rich topographic effects seen in Nobre and McCarthy (1994), Curran and associates (1993) observed a relatively featureless topography (i.e., neither negative nor positive fields in the scalp topography) for the incongruous response during the N400 epoch.
		This effect was the polar inverse of the earlier (N400) congruity effect.
		In addition to the enhanced centroparietal negativity that is typically seen to semantic violations, improved sampling of inferior regions of the scalp revealed a frontal positivity that appeared to represent the dipole inversion of the centroparietal effect.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~sasha/NPtopo.html (9609 words)

	Journalism.org - Reports & Surveys - Campaign 2004 - The Debate Effect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Indeed, the percentage of negative Bush coverage is almost identical to the level of negative Gore coverage four years ago.
		In both cases, the penchant of the press to focus on internal campaign matters like tactics, strategy, candidate performance and horse race, seem to be a major factor driving the tone of the coverage.
		Likewise, when the ratio between positive:negative equals or exceeds 1:2 the story is coded as negative tone for the Dominant Figure.
	www.journalism.org /resources/research/reports/debateeffect (592 words)

	Guido Peeters: Abstracts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		However, those negative context effects seemed restricted to one specific evaluative dimension (good/bad for the self or 'self-profitability') that was to be distinguished from another, more genuinely evaluative, dimension (good/bad for others or 'other-profitability').
		However, consistent with positive-negative asymmetry theory, faces with negative expressions were more accurately identified on the basis of descriptions made when the expressions were positive, than faces with positive expressions were on the basis of descriptions made when the expressions were negative (Study 3).
		Aggressive acts loaded less negatively than avoidance on the approach-avoidance factor, which may be a statistical artifact, but is also consistent with the idea that aggression has affinities with both approach and avoidance.
	ppw.kuleuven.be /lesp/abguido.htm (2312 words)

	Research Projects
		A third experiment is being planned to determine whether the effects of professional relatedness are a special case of "status relatedness," which refers to whether a defendant uses his or her basis of status to commit a crime.
		Participants were shown a powerpoint presentation consisting of a positive or negative outcome that occurred in one of three domains (achievement, accident, interpersonal) and the proximal cause of that outcome.
		Negative outcomes led to more and longer chains than positive outcomes for the achievement and interpersonal domains (consistent with the findings in studies of simplex causal attribution that negative outcomes require more explanation than positive outcomes), but this was reversed for accidents where positive outcomes led to more and longer chains than negative outcomes.
	www.csun.edu /~vcpsy00f/research.htm (1798 words)

	Diet Ads Promote Stereotypes
		A major contributor to the stigma is the impression that individual can easily control their weight and that there is a lack of self-discipline and personal failure that are responsible for excess weight.
		Having a close friend or relative who was obese appeared to have a lessening effect on general antifat attitudes but it did not influence the belief that weight is controllable.
		Studies of racial stereotyping have found a similar effect -- that negativity is greatest among those who are less satisfied with their own lives, writes Geier.
	www.webmd.com /content/article/83/97886.htm?src=rss_cbsnews (506 words)

	Engage Selling Solutions : Innovative Selling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		However, if we stamp out all of the negativity or give the impression that the only opinion that is correct is our opinion and not allow people to express themselves, we may miss some valuable information or feedback.
		Let them know that the big problem is not so much a criticism but the degree of their negativity (you never hear any positive things from them) and when they are negative you never hear them suggest a possible solution.
		After they say something negative, just move on by saying something like, "OK, our next point is" Caution in using this tip: if other people share this negative point of view, do not move on.
	www.engageselling.com /beingnegative (679 words)

	Ahluwalia, Rohini
		Negative information in the marketplace: its processing, impact and company strategies related to it.
		One area of research attempts to understand how people process, resist and are influenced by counter attitudinal and negative information.
		She was the recipient of an Excellence in Teaching Award from the University of Kansas and has been named in the "Top Ten in Teaching" at the Business School.
	www.business.ku.edu /gen/bschool_generated_pages/Ahluwalia_Rohini_p1574.html (357 words)

	Birth of Thetan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The otherworldly effects of this union are obvious: the bond they share with each other helps to keep the forces of the cosmos in balance with one another.
		Their lives are a constant struggle for good vs. evil — any victor by the other would result in significant effects to the arcane and planar powers that sustain themselves with this force.
		Although too numerous to mention it is important to not that while such beings may appear to be disheveled, frail, fetid, or gangrenous in nature, this is the power of the Pool at work- and such appearances could cunningly disguise beasts of horrendous power.
	www.knology.net /~guntheory/planes_pools.html (2565 words)

	Untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Negativity Effect: The first set of papers deals with the limitations to acquisition and processing of information faced by the different agents involved in an election.
		Negativity Effect and the Emergence of Ideologies deals with the information processing tasks of the voters.
		We characterize the effects of increased uncertainty about the median voter, the effect of candidate policy preferences, and the effects of changes in the distribution of private information.
	www.iae.csic.es /aragones/research.htm (2153 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Differentiate between the false-consensus effect and the false-uniqueness effect.
		Describe the effects of deciding to behave morally or immorally on the experience of dissonance and the reduction of dissonance.
		Describe the effects of inducing counter-attitudinal advocacy with minimal external justification.
	www.unc.edu /~stwolf/courses/33spring05/study/2.doc (1461 words)

	The Psycholinguistics Research Group
		The absence of an antecedent priming effect in the low-span participants is in line with previous findings indicating that working memory capacity affects the on-line processing of filler-gap dependencies in native speakers (see e.g.
		In this study I used this effect as a diagnostic of incremental interpretation and of interactions between syntactic and semantic processing.
		The plausibility effect in the critical region persisted in the natives, but disappeared in the non-natives, even though other aspects of the non-natives’ reading pattern suggested that they had been processing meaning on-line.
	www.essex.ac.uk /psyling/abstracts.html (5375 words)

	Achieving Our Potential (And Beyond) - A weblog about Personal Development, Self Help, Success, Happiness, Health, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		After the interaction I started thinking about what his life might be like and how he might create a ripple effect of negativity around him.
		The road outside my home had recently been resurfaced and the 'no parking' lines were not painted far enough down the street to allow sufficient space for the roundabout on the corner.
		They will probably part with a negative comment to let you know that they are not running away.
	www.petrarankin.briefbooks.com.au /weblog/archives/2005/04/today_i_met_som.html (535 words)

	Encyclopedia: Stereotyping (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The term is often used in a negative sense, and stereotypes are seen by many as undesirable beliefs which can be altered through education and/or familiarisation.
		Stereotypes are common in the world of drama, where they are often used as a form of dramatic shorthand.
		The physical attractiveness stereotype is a term that psychologists use to refer to the tendency to assume that people who are physically attractive also possess other socially desirable personality traits.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Stereotyping (1085 words)

	easy MindStuff- Wizard's way: Ordinary thinking gets you ordinary outcomes. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The count is not that important it's the hidden effect that negativity has on all listeners.
		Do you remember them routinely using "No?" If the answer is negative, perhaps they don't have NO. Perhaps that's also why you perceive them as loveable--they tend to avoid using "no." Imagine asking questions of people you know.
		After years of use the effect of "no" is almost impossible to change.
	easymindstuff.com /no.html (2167 words)

	NBL Conference: An ERP Study to the Role of Working Memory in Syntactic and Semantic Sentence Processing in a Reading ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Syntactic violations were predicted to elicit an early negativity and/or a P600 effect.
		An increase in early negativity only appeared in OR sentences, whereas the P600 effect was only present in SR sentences.
		The semantic anomalies did not lead to an N400 effect but did show a P600 effect that was again only present in SR sentences.
	odur.let.rug.nl /nbl/program/5.html (531 words)

	Attention to Features Precedes Attention to Locations in Visual Search: Evidence from Electromagnetic Brain Responses ...
		The N2pc effect is highlighted by the gray areas between waveforms.
		The arrows indicate that the ROD-related negativity is visible in the N2pc difference waves of the target-side ROD and nontarget-side ROD condition.
		The ROD-related negativity is analogous to single-unit effects
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/24/8/1822 (7461 words)

	EconPapers: Negativity Effect and the Emergence of Ideologies
		Abstract: "Negativity effect" refers to the psychological phenomenon that people tend to attach greater weight to negative information than to equally extreme and equally likely positive information in a variety of information processing tasks.
		There is empirical evidence in political science that shows the importance of the negativity effects in the information processing of the voters.
		We construct a dynamic model of political competition, incorporating the negativity effect in the decision rule of the voters and allowing their preferences to change over time, according to the past performance of the candidates while in office.
	econpapers.repec.org /paper/nwucmsems/1125.htm (406 words)

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