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Topic: Negro American League

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	American Negro League - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The American Negro League (ANL) was a professional baseball league that operated on the east coast of the United States in 1929.
		The league did not organize for the 1930 season, and it would not be until 1933 that an eastern Negro League would last for a full season.
		This league is not to be confused with the later Negro American League, which was based in midwestern and southern cities.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/American_Negro_League (261 words)

	Negro American League - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Negro American League was one of the several Negro Leagues which were created during the time organized baseball was segregated.
		The league was established in 1937, and continued to exist into the 1950s.
		Baltimore Elite Giants (1949-1950) from the Negro National League
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Negro_American_League (140 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Negro American League (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Negro League owners who complained about this practice were in a no-win situation: they could not protect their own interests without seeming to interfere with the advancement of players to the majors.
		So the Negro Leagues, at one time one of the largest and most prosperous fl-owned business ventures, were allowed to fade into oblivion.
		Minoso was a star in the Cuban League, Negro National League (with the New York Cubans in the 1940s) and in major league baseball (mostly with the Chicago White Sox).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Negro-American-League (321 words)

	Negro League History 101 - An Introduction To The Negro Leagues
		The Negro Southern League was in continuous operation from 1920 through the 1940s and held the position as fl baseball's only operating major circuit for the 1931 season.
		In 1937 the Negro American League was launched, bringing into its fold the best clubs in the South and Midwest, and stood as the opposing circuit to Greenlee's Negro National League until the latter league disbanded after the 1949 season.
		Though the Negro American League continued on throughout the 1950s, it had lost the bulk of its talent and virtually all of its fan appeal.
	www.negroleaguebaseball.com /history101.html (1808 words)

	negro football league (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Americans began playing football on informal teams, using local rules, in the early 1800s.
		For example, many owners of major league teams rented their stadiums to Negro League teams when their own teams were on the road.
		Team owners knew that if football were integrated, the Negro Leagues would probably not survive losing their best players to the majors, major league owners would lose significant rental revenue, and many Negro League players would lose their livelihoods.
	www.beteagle.com /bet/mlb/negrobaseballleague.html (1576 words)

	Negro League baseball
		After the integration of the major leagues in 1947, as marked by the appearance of Jackie Robinson with the Brooklyn Dodgers that April, interest in Negro League baseball waned.
		Some proposals were floated to bring the Negro Leagues into "organized baseball" as developmental leagues for fl players, but this was seen as contrary to the goal of full integration of the sport.
		One of the last of the Negro League teams was the Indianapolis Clowns, which continued to play exhibition games well into the 1970s.
	www.gamesinathens.com /olympics/n/ne/negro_league_baseball.shtml (1085 words)

	Negro Leagues Baseball Museum
		In a way the Negro Leagues were a cracked mirror of the white major leagues – cracked in the sense that they lacked the financial base and resources of their white counterparts.
		But with respect to the level of play in the Negro Leagues, those white fans who were not blinded by racial animosity knew that dozens of its players could have easily been starters on any major league baseball team.
		Perhaps the best known of the Negro Leagues players who were denied their shot at a place in the major league record books was Leroy Robert “Satchel” Paige (he picked up the “Satchel” moniker during a stint as a railroad baggage handler).
	www.theculturedtraveler.com /Museums/Archives/Negro_Leagues.htm (958 words)

	Negro Leagues Baseball History
		Negro Americans played baseball throughout the 1800’s, and by the 1860’s notable fl amateur teams such as the Colored Union Club, in Brooklyn and the Pythian Club, in Philadelphia had formed.
		The first successful organized Negro League was established on February 13, 1920, at a YMCA in Kansas City, Missouri.
		As a result of his leadership role in the early years of the leagues, Foster is known as "the father of fl baseball." This first league was known as the Negro National League with member teams in the South and Midwest.
	www.nlbpa.com /history.html (808 words)

	A A World . Reference Room . Articles . Negro League \| PBS
		The principal Negro leagues were the Negro National League (1920–1931, 1933–48), the Eastern Colored League (1923–28), and the Negro American League (1937–1960).
		Initially the leagues were centred in cities such as Chicago, New York City, Detroit, St. Louis, and Kansas City, which had large and growing fl populations as a result of the 20th-century northward fl migration.
		The beginning of the decline of the Negro leagues was in 1945, when the Monarchs' rookie shortstop Jackie Robinson was signed by the Brooklyn Dodgers organization.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/aaworld/reference/articles/negro_league.html (740 words)

	Homerunweb -- The Negro Leagues
		Negro leagues were born out of the desire for players of races other than white -- mainly African-Americans and dark-skinned Latins -- to play baseball in organized leagues.
		Negro league players, on the other hand, danced off bases, stole home, used the bunt-and-run.
		Alas, the sad consequences of breaking major league baseball's color line in 1947 were the death of the Negro leagues and the creation of another color line: the one keeping nonwhites from the ranks of major league team owners.
	www.homerunweb.com /negroleagues.html (608 words)

	Negro Leagues (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The National Colored Base Ball League, the first attempt at a professional Negro League, is formed.
		The result of the meeting is the formation of the Negro National League.
		The American Negro League is formed in the East and begins its inaugural (and only) season with the Baltimore Black Sox, Lincoln Giants, Homestead Grays, Hill dale Cub, Bacharach Giants, and Cuban Stars (East).
	www.afrikation.com /Content/African_Facts/NegroLeagues.htm (916 words)

	What are the Negro Leagues
		Josh Gibson was one of the many great fl players who played in the Negro Leagues during the first half of the 20th century.
		For instance, a great Negro League shortstop named John Henry Lloyd was compared to the immortal, Honus Wagner.
		A new Negro National League was formed in 1933 and the Negro American League was born in 1937.
	library.thinkquest.org /3427/data/negroint.htm (453 words)

	Clem's Baseball ~ Negro Leagues
		Seven Negro league teams' names included the word "fl," and one other was named the "Browns." Sparked by the rise of social consciousness during World War I, the Negro leagues emerged during the 1920s and played a vital role in the development of the sport until the middle of the century.
		This hemmorhage of talent left the Negro Leagues without their best players, and as the color barrier gradually crumbled, there was no longer any reason for it to exist.
		The Negro National League folded after the 1948 season, though three of its franchises continued to play for the next two years in the Negro American League, which folded at the end of 1950.
	www.andrewclem.com /Baseball/Negro_Leagues.html (1515 words)

	History of the Black Baseball and the Negro Baseball Leagues by James A
		A new Negro National League was formed in 1933 and the Negro American League was chartered in 1937.
		The demise of the Negro Leagues was inevitable as the younger fl players were signed by the white major league franchises.
		The Negro Leagues showcased some of the greatest baseball talent of all-time and had a special essence that was all its own.
	www.blackbaseball.com /introd.htm (1178 words)

	Negro League Baseball (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		It competed in the Negro Southern League in 1932, and in the Negro American League in 1938 and 1939.
		In the early years of the Negro League he was its biggest star.
		Anticipating the demise of the league, the Clowns withdrew from the circuit and again became a barnstorming team.
	indystar.com /library/factfiles/history/black_history/negroleagues.html (942 words)

	Negro Baseball (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		This was a western-based league consisting of eight teams: the Giants and American Giants of Chicago, the Dayton Marcos, the Detroit Stars, the ABC's, the Kansas City Monarchs, the St. Louis Giants and a traveling Cuban Squad called the Stars.
		The reappearance of leagues in 1932 came with the formation of the Negro Southern League and the East-West League.
		The impact on the Negro leagues could not be reversed and by 1960 the Negro American League officially ceased operations.
	www.fcps.k12.va.us /westspringfieldhs/projects/im98/im981/spo.htm (963 words)

	Negro League Baseball Blog
		But, as impressive as Brown was at the plate, leading the Negro American League (NAL) in homeruns seven times and winning three NAL batting titles, it is very possible that his statistical record fell considerably short of his potential.
		With fan interest in Negro League baseball history reaching higher and higher levels during the past few years, it is good to see some attention being focused on Cuba--a home away from home for many Negro League stars in the pre-Castro years.
		The 39 candidates were nominated for induction as a result of an intensive study of Negro League baseball commissioned by the Hall of Fame and conducted by a research team of 50 historians and researchers headed by former baseball commissioner Fay Vincent.
	www.negroleagueblog.com (1443 words)

	DISCOVERING THE SPEED: COLLECTING NEGRO LEAGUE MEMORABILIA
		A living Negro League veteran’s signature on a modern baseball can start at $35 on the open market, while the signatures of deceased Negro Leaguers, especially those who areenshrined in the Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, can sell for as much as $300.
		Players on Negro League teams were usually issued two complete uniform sets (for home and away games), one glove, one cap and one pair of shoes.
		The Negro League Baseball Players Association, an organization dedicated to honoring the veterans of fl baseball (http://www.nlbpa.com), is offering a series of replica jerseys and caps at selected JCPenney stores, with a portion of the proceeds earmarked for Negro League alumni.
	www.21stcenturyradio.com /articles/03/0310180.html (2244 words)

	Negro League Baseball Dot Com - The Online Home of Negro League Baseball History
		The exhibit will be focused on the history and achievements of Negro League teams with specific emphasis on the two legendary teams from the Steel City area, the Pittsburgh Crawfords and Homestead Grays.
		The Negro League luminaries will be inducted during ceremonies to be held at the Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, NY on July 30.
		The Negro League-Cuban League baseball connection was a very important factor in the development of the game in both countries, and we can think of no better repository of the history than the recollections of Monte Irvin and Connie Marrero.
	www.negroleaguebaseball.com (1083 words)

	AAA Traveler Magazine - Negro Leages Museum
		O’Neil played in the Negro Leagues during an era when social lines between fls and whites were as prominent as the white chalk lines on a green ball diamond.
		The Negro Leagues, which were organized in 1920 by Andrew "Rube" Foster in Kansas City, existed because fl men weren’t allowed to play major league baseball.
		In addition to the work with the Negro Leagues Baseball Museum, he is a member of the Baseball Hall of Fame Veterans Committee in Cooperstown, NY, and does some public relations work for the Royals.
	www.ouraaa.com /traveler/0103/forloveo.html (1148 words)

	Baseball and Jackie Robinson - Baseball, the Color Line, and Jackie Robinson (American Memory from the Library of ...
		In 1945, Jackie Robinson joined the Kansas City Monarchs (Negro American League) and played with such baseball legends as Satchel Paige and Martin Dihigo.
		Most of the contemporary coverage of the Negro Leagues at the Library of Congress is in newspapers published by the fl press, for example, the Pittsburgh Courier and the Chicago Defender.
		The names of players in the box scores indicate that games between American and Cuban teams were scheduled without regard to the race of the participants.
	memory.loc.gov /ammem/collections/robinson/jr1900s.html (572 words)

	The Negro Leagues \| BaseballLibrary.com
		The East-West League folded in the season it was founded, 1932; that year, the Negro Southern League was the only major circuit to complete its schedule.
		The NAL and the NNL co-existed through 1948; in 1949, the NAL absorbed the NNL, and survived as the last major fl circuit through 1960.
		Negro leagues generally contained six teams, though it was not uncommon for them to have a few more or less.
	www.baseballlibrary.com /baseballlibrary/ballplayers/L/Leagues_The_Negro.stm (1626 words)

	MLB.com - Negro Leagues Team Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Years in the Negro Leagues: Seven, 1923-27, 1929, 1932 The Hilldale Daisies were the powerhouse team of the short-lived Eastern Colored League.
		The 1922 season was the best-ever for the club in the Negro National League, finishing second with a 46-33 record.
		The longest running franchise in Negro League history is the Monarchs from Kansas City, Mo. They were charter members of the Negro National League in 1920.
	www.mlb.com /NASApp/mlb/mlb/history/mlb_negro_leagues_teams.jsp (2001 words)

	Negro Leagues
		The legacy the Negro Leagues is one of courage, perseverance, and strength to overcome the oppressive racial segregation and volitile times of the era.
		Under Foster's leadership, in 1920, the Negro National League was born in Kansas City, with eight teams competing on a regular round-robin schedule.
		In 1937, the Negro American League was begun, which incorporated the strongest clubs in the South and Midwest.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h2079.html (1273 words)

	Willie Sheelor -- Former Negro League player
		Though his playing days came after the heyday of the Negro Leagues, after Jackie Robinson broke in with the Brooklyn Dodgers and broke down organized baseball's color barrier, the memories lack no luster for Sheelor.
		The once-thriving and profitable Negro Leagues, which at their height included American and National leagues with teams all over the country, immediately felt the blow.
		By the early 1950s, most Negro Leagues teams had batted around for the final time, leaving a handful to play in a reorganized American Negro League.
	www.historicbaseball.com /players/s/sheelor_willie.html (1170 words)

	The AfroBabies Collection
		In 1920, an organized league structure was formed under the guidance of Andrew “Rube” Foster—a former player, manager, and owner for the Chicago American Giants.
		The last Negro Leagues teams folded in the early 1960s, but their legacy lives on through the surviving players and the Negro Leagues Baseball Museum.
		This cap was worn by the 1938 team which captured the second half championship of the Negro American League.
	www.afrobabies.com /history.htm (2905 words)

	CNN.com - US - Museum keeps alive memories of Negro League Baseball - February 1, 2001
		KANSAS CITY, Missouri (CNN) -- Enter the Negro Leagues Baseball Museum and one thing is apparent: there's a baseball diamond and you can't get on it.
		The Negro Leagues museum was created to remember the often-forgotten stories of legendary athletes who built a baseball league in the midst of segregation.
		As a result, the last Negro League teams folded in the early 1960s.
	archives.cnn.com /2001/US/02/01/negro.league/index.html (516 words)

	Pitch Black Negro League site FAQs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Negro League history has gained more and more recognition lately, but is still not a subject many know much about.
		When Negro League teams put their best players on the field, they not only were Major League calibre, but in exhibitions against Major League teams they dominated, winning more than 60% of the time.
		Negro League teams played a more daring type of game, stealing bases, hit-and-running and bunting, while Major League teams tended to play for home runs and big innings, which can be traced to the popularity of Babe Ruth.
	www.pitchblackbaseball.com /faq.html (1052 words)

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