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Topic: Negro League teams

	Negro League Baseball Dot Com - The Online Home of Negro League Baseball History
		The Negro League luminaries will be inducted during ceremonies to be held at the Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, NY on July 30.
		The Negro League-Cuban League baseball connection was a very important factor in the development of the game in both countries, and we can think of no better repository of the history than the recollections of Monte Irvin and Connie Marrero.
		With fan interest in Negro League baseball history reaching higher and higher levels during the past few years, it is good to see some attention being focused on Cuba--a home away from home for many Negro League stars in the pre-Castro years.
	www.negroleaguebaseball.com (1083 words)

	Negro league baseball - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Southern League was comprised of 10 teams: the Memphis Eclipse, the Georgia Champions of Atlanta, the Savannah Broads, the Memphis Eurekas, the Savannah Lafayettes, the Charleston Fultons, the Jacksonville Athletics, the New Orleans Unions, the Florida Clippers of Jacksonville and the Jacksonville Macedonias.
		The teams in the new American Negro League were the same ones from the Eastern League, with the exception of the Brooklyn Royal Giants which had folded and the addition of the Homestead Grays.
		Negro Southern League was a minor league that played from 1920 into the 1940s; in 1932 it incorporated some teams from the first Negro National League and functioned for one year as a major league.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Negro_League (5241 words)

	Negro League Baseball
		The Indianapolis Clowns were the dominant team in the 1950s, claiming the pennant in 1950, 1951, 1952 and 1954.
		It competed in the Negro Southern League in 1932, and in the Negro American League in 1938 and 1939.
		Anticipating the demise of the league, the Clowns withdrew from the circuit and again became a barnstorming team.
	www2.indystar.com /library/factfiles/history/black_history/negroleagues.html (942 words)

	Negro League baseball
		The "Cuban" teams, with the exception of the Cuban Stars and the Havana Giants, were all composed of African-Americans rather than Cubans, but the name was thought to increase their acceptance with white patrons.
		The period 1890-1914 saw a state of perpetual turmoil, with many leagues and teams coming and going within a space of a few years, mirroring the problems with "upstart leagues" in white baseball.
		One of the last of the Negro League teams was the Indianapolis Clowns, which continued to play exhibition games well into the 1970s.
	usapedia.com /n/negro-league-baseball.html (1086 words)

	No More Racism!! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		However, the Negro Leagues played an important role in the life of the Black community from 1920 until the end of their existence in the 1950's.
		Contrary to the image that is potrayed, most of the teams were owned by individuals with a sense of community that was reflected in their generous contributions to the fl community.
		It was the sanctioning of disrespect of the Negro League teams by all parts of white society that spelled the end of the Negro Leagues.
	www.tcnj.edu /~simzak3/racism_site/page_3.html (727 words)

	Negro League Baseball (Reference)
		The first all-fl team was put together in 1885 and was for a short time known as the "Argyle Athletics." They toured the Northeast, often playing the best white teams in the area, but were usually met with resistance from white fans.
		Negro League legends David Barnhill and Buck O'Neil were members of the Clowns, and the team's legitimacy was proven in 1941 when it joined the established Negro American League.
		Currently 16 Negro League players are members of the National Baseball Hall of Fame, and the Negro Leagues now have their own museum in Kansas City.
	www.teachervision.fen.com /lesson-plan/african-americans/4619.html (1557 words)

	DISCOVERING THE SPEED: COLLECTING NEGRO LEAGUE MEMORABILIA
		Some all-fl teams survived until the late 1950’s, mostly by employing publicity stunts or gimmicks (some teams actually signed female ballplayers) or by adding comedy routines to the game (the Indianapolis Clowns were the most successful “comedy” squad; and its roster included a young Hank Aaron).
		The Negro League Baseball Players Association, an organization dedicated to honoring the veterans of fl baseball (http://www.nlbpa.com), is offering a series of replica jerseys and caps at selected JCPenney stores, with a portion of the proceeds earmarked for Negro League alumni.
		And although the House of David team is an all-white barnstorming squad, whose members came from a Benton Harbor, Michigan religious order, some people classify their team as being part of the Negro Leagues because the House of David barnstormed with several Negro League squads, including the Kansas City Monarchs.
	www.21stcenturyradio.com /articles/03/0310180.html (2244 words)

	The Last Negro League Baseball Game
		While the major and minor leagues had opened up to African-Americans beginning with Jackie Robinson, there is no doubt that the major league teams were slow in adding fl players (with Boston being the last to integrate in 1959).
		Many major league quality players were never promoted from the minors, due to their color, and most of the major league teams were resistant to having more than just a few fls on the roster.
		In light of this, the owners of the Negro Baseball League teams saw the continuation of their league as vital to the continued development of fl players players and the provision of a broader opportunity for them to play professionally.
	www.geocities.com /Colosseum/Field/1538/lastgame.html (2561 words)

	Negro League Baseball artwork by John D. Wolfe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Their Americana-style folk art evokes the rich history of the Negro Leagues, which were professional baseball leagues formed in the early 1900s by fl players not allowed to play in the major leagues because of racial segregation.
		For over fifty years teams such as the Chicago American Giants, the New York Black Yankees, the Kansas City Monarchs and the Homestead Grays barnstormed across the country to play each other "behind the color line." White baseball fans of the time were often not even aware of the existence of the teams.
		Since Negro League teams played in Cuba, Mexico and the Dominican Republic during the winter months, it was only natural for chef Rhamell Moore to incorporate Caribbean cuisine with the classic soul food on his mouthwatering menu.
	www.wolfestudio.com /highres/chicagopressrelease.html (460 words)

	A A World . Reference Room . Articles . Negro League \| PBS
		The principal Negro leagues were the Negro National League (1920–1931, 1933–48), the Eastern Colored League (1923–28), and the Negro American League (1937–1960).
		Initially the leagues were centred in cities such as Chicago, New York City, Detroit, St. Louis, and Kansas City, which had large and growing fl populations as a result of the 20th-century northward fl migration.
		The beginning of the decline of the Negro leagues was in 1945, when the Monarchs' rookie shortstop Jackie Robinson was signed by the Brooklyn Dodgers organization.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/aaworld/reference/articles/negro_league.html (740 words)

	[No title]
		The Negro National League was formed in 1920 and reformed in 1933, and the Negro American League was formed in 1937, while other short-lived leagues made their own efforts as loose forms of organization for fl baseball (“Timeline”).
		The Pittsburgh Courier, with two Negro league teams in the city and prolific writers like W. Rollo Wilson, Chester L. Washington, and Wendell Smith on its staff, was one of the leading publications in covering the Negro leagues.
		The happenings of the league were no longer important, for by this point, all that mattered was the future major leaguers that Negro teams might hold.
	www.unc.edu /~jahanian/CourierConference.doc (3312 words)

	Clem's Baseball ~ Negro Leagues
		Seven Negro league teams' names included the word "fl," and one other was named the "Browns." Sparked by the rise of social consciousness during World War I, the Negro leagues emerged during the 1920s and played a vital role in the development of the sport until the middle of the century.
		That game was the climax of the year for the Negro leagues, since the "world series" championships they held did not generate as much fan interest.
		This hemmorhage of talent left the Negro Leagues without their best players, and as the color barrier gradually crumbled, there was no longer any reason for it to exist.
	www.andrewclem.com /Baseball/Negro_Leagues.html (1515 words)

	Negro League Baseball Teams Index
		For those who are just discovering the story of the Negro League baseball we have prepared a primer on this fascinating part of American sports and cultural history.
		In the common parlance all are referred to as "Negro League" teams.
		The list below is by no means a complete list of all the teams that competed in the 70-year history of Negro League baseball, and the compilation of the list is an ongoing project.
	www.negroleaguebaseball.com /teams/teams_index.html (180 words)

	Negro League Teams
		Although Paige jumped to a white semi-pro team in Bismarck, North Dakota during the season, lefty Leroy Matlock assumed the role as ace of the staff and fashioned an outstanding record.
		Clearly the best fl team of the war era, it may be that the talent pool in the Negro Leagues was as depleted as the talent pool in MLB.
		When Foster formed the first fl league, the Negro National League, in 1920, his team extended their dominance from the deadball era's independent years on into the era of the "lively" ball and league play by copping the first three league pennants.
	www.baseball-statistics.com /Negro-Lg/teams.htm (2102 words)

	The Negro League Teams
		After the collapse of the ECL in the spring of 1928, the member teams reemerged in 1929 as the American Negro League.
		The league is recognized as an official minor league and protected under baseball's National Agreement, but it folded 13 games into its only season.
		Unfortunately the Eastern Interstate League died mid-season with the Cuban Giants resurfacing in the Connecticut State League.
	www.nlbpa.com /the_teams.html (611 words)

	Pitch Black Negro League site FAQs
		Teams folded and were replaced by new teams, and during the depression both leagues folded.
		When Negro League teams put their best players on the field, they not only were Major League calibre, but in exhibitions against Major League teams they dominated, winning more than 60% of the time.
		Negro League teams played a more daring type of game, stealing bases, hit-and-running and bunting, while Major League teams tended to play for home runs and big innings, which can be traced to the popularity of Babe Ruth.
	www.pitchblackbaseball.com /faq.html (1052 words)

	The AfroBabies Collection
		The last Negro Leagues teams folded in the early 1960s, but their legacy lives on through the surviving players and the Negro Leagues Baseball Museum.
		Originally, the team was composed of amateurs from the sandlots of the city’s Hill district.
		In 1937, the team was dismantled by the raids of Dominican Republic dictator General Rafael Trujillo.
	www.afrobabies.com /history.htm (2905 words)

	Crosley & The Negro Leagues
		The first Negro League team to come to Cincinnati, the Cuban Stars, formed in Havana, Cuba in 1920 and moved to Cincinnati in 1921.
		The Negro League teams played generally on weekends when the Reds were out of town.
		Larry was the first Negro League player to capture a home run crown in the Major Leagues hitting 32 homers for Cleveland in 1952, leading the American League.
	www.crosley-field.com /NL.html (487 words)

	Baseball and Jackie Robinson - Baseball, the Color Line, and Jackie Robinson (American Memory from the Library of ...
		Negro League competition featured speed, surprise, and more showmanship than in organized baseball.
		After 1947, when major league teams began integrating, the Negro League teams lost many of their best players, and the League folded entirely in 1960.
		Most of the contemporary coverage of the Negro Leagues at the Library of Congress is in newspapers published by the fl press, for example, the Pittsburgh Courier and the Chicago Defender.
	memory.loc.gov /ammem/collections/robinson/jr1900s.html (572 words)

	Cafe lauds players
		The restaurant's tag line is "Digest The History," and the legacy of the Negro Leagues is celebrated through entrees such as farm-raised catfish fillet with lime rice ($12); rosemary flened salmon with cumin glazed carrots ($14) and jerk rib eye with sauteed yellow plantains and parmesan cheese ($21).
		Negro League players not only barnstormed through the South from the 1920s through the 1950s, but the league incorporated majestic players from Cuba, the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico.
		The White Sox donated a Negro League Wall of Fame that hangs in the bar area.
	www.suntimes.com /output/food/foo-news-cafe08.html (1349 words)

	Life in the Negro Leagues
		During the early twentieth century the Negro Leagues were home to the best fl baseball players in the country at a time of widespread racial segregation.
		The Negro League season often lasted 200 games, compared to the present Major League schedule of 162 and the older schedule of 154.
		Negro League Baseball.Com provides comprehensive background and many stories about this era in baseball history.
	www.riverdeep.net /current/2002/02/022502_negroleagues.jhtml (1221 words)

	Negro League Baseball woman player and manager Effa Manley
		The NEWARKK EAGLES, one of the National Negro League's premier teams, reached a zenith in 1946 by beating the the KANSAS CITY MONARCHS for the pennant.
		It was common for Negro League teams to use major league ballparks.
		When she died at 81 she was believed to be the last surviving owner of a franchise of a fl baseball team.
	www.negroleaguestore.com /Effa_Manley.htm (710 words)

	Negro Leagues Baseball Museum
		However, the term "Negro Leagues," as it is used by the museum, refers to the highest level of play for fl baseball during segregation.
		Over the years, many of these teams reorganized or moved to different communities, changing names, personnel-, and ownership.
		The following list is organized to include teams by region, and does include some "pre-Negro Leagues" teams which existed during the late 1800s-1920.
	www.nlbm.com /s/team.htm (116 words)

	McFarland - Publisher of Reference and Scholarly Books
		The California Winter League was the first to bring together Negro League teams and white professional teams in one league.
		This work is the first complete history of the California Winter League from its murky beginnings around 1912 to its golden years from 1924 to 1935 to its final demise in the mid 1940s.
		It provides an overview of the league and the early years of local amateur ball clubs evolving into the semi-professional league on through 1919.
	www.mcfarlandpub.com /book-2.php?isbn=0-7864-1301-8 (237 words)

	Negro League Baseball Blog: Negro League Teams
		Teams that played a "fast" brand of ball were more likely to find success, and those that combined fast baseball with high quality entertainment quickly developed a following that guaranteed them return engagements in the ballparks of the region.
		The team began the season with a slick fielding infield, a full slate of faster-than-most baserunners, but found their pitching staff thin and lineup lacking in power at the plate.
		Most of the team's seasons after 1920 were spent in the Negro Southern League, but the 1938 season found the Black Crackers representing the "Phoenix of the South" in the Negro American League.
	blog.negroleaguebaseball.com /negro_league_blog/negro_league_teams (845 words)

	Negro National League (the second) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The second Negro National League was established in 1933, two years after the first Negro National League had disbanded.
		The second NNL lasted until 1948, the year after Major League Baseball integrated.
		This Negro league baseball-related article is a stub.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Negro_National_League_(the_second) (117 words)

	Negro League Baseball Shop
		Negro League baseball in the Big Apple was a "first class only" affair.
		During the 1940s the Homestead Grays reigned supreme in the Negro National League winning nine consecutive pennants during the late 1930s and 1940s.
		The Homestead Grays "G202" cap sets the standard for Negro League fashion.
	www.negroleagueshop.com (193 words)

	Historic Baseball : Negro League Baseball Teams & Players
		Bullet Joe Rogan spent the first 10 years of his career pitching and playing for teams in the Philippines, Hawaii and Arizona while he was in the Army.
		It wasn't until he was 30 that, the player who had been discovered by Casey Stengel, made his debut with the Kansas City Monarchs of the Negro Leagues in 1920.
		Josh Gibson Jr., a former Negro League player and the son of Hall of Famer Josh Gibson, died on Sept. 10, 2003 in Pittsburgh, Penn. He was 73.
	www.historicbaseball.com /negroleague.html (300 words)

	Eastern League Baseball
		In addition to wearing replica uniforms, the Curve will honor the Negro Leagues by presenting fans with interesting facts about the teams and players throughout the course of the game.
		"The Negro Leagues are an important part of baseball's past and we're pleased to help carry on their memory."
		Negro League Honorary Night will highlight the opener of the Curve's three-game weekend series against the Senators (Montreal Expos' affiliate).
	www.easternleague.com /release.taf?release=227 (326 words)

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