Negro National League (the first)

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Topic: Negro National League (the first)

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	get that 'negro' off the field!
		The growth of Negro League baseball between the years 1900 and 1920 is analogous to the demographic changes of the Great Migration: black Americans moved in large numbers to the Northern cities and their urbanization yielded new and varied cultural expressions.
		Negro League baseball of this time is characterized as much by the greatness of its stars as by the instability of the individual Leagues.
		The period of 1880-1900 was marked by their development into sound leagues, and although 90% of the black population still lived in the rural South, in 1910 the best teams were found in the North.
	www.webcom.com /~blessed/html/negro1.html (2563 words)

	Negro National League - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Negro National League can refer to either one or both of these two leagues
		This is a disambiguation page, a list of pages that otherwise might share the same title.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/National_Negro_Baseball_League (87 words)

	Negro Leagues Baseball Museum
		However, the term "Negro Leagues," as it is used by the museum, refers to the highest level of play for black baseball during segregation.
		For more information- consult The Biographical Encyclopedia of the Negro Baseball Leagues by James Riley or The Negro Leagues Book, edited by Clark and Lester.
		The following list is organized to include teams by region, and does include some "pre-Negro Leagues" teams which existed during the late 1800s-1920.
	www.nlbm.com /s/team.htm (116 words)

	Negro Leagues' story unfolds from reams of research
		While the Negro Leagues trace their roots to the 19th century, their modern history began in 1933 with the founding of the Negro National League (NNL); the Negro American League (NAL) followed in 1936.
		The Negro Leagues were rich with courageous, colorful, controversial leaders including Gus Greenlee, the numbers baron who owned the Pittsburgh Crawfords and built his own stadium in the Hill District, and Cum Posey, a driving force of the NNL as co-owner of the Homestead Grays.
		However, Lanctot argues persuasively that the Negro Leagues, always an artistic success, were an important commercial and community force as well, providing unique opportunities for black entrepreneurs and spin-off revenue for black hotels, restaurants and other businesses.
	www.post-gazette.com /pg/04123/309214.stm (447 words)

	Negro National League (the second) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The second Negro National League was established in 1933, two years after the first Negro National League had disbanded.
		The second NLL lasted until 1948, the year after Major League Baseball integrated.
		This Negro league baseball-related article is a stub.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Negro_National_League_(the_second) (111 words)

	Negro Leagues
		In 1932 black baseball thrived mainly in the Southern Negro League (which had been a lesser league prior to that year), and in Latin America, where great ballplayers were welcome, regardless of race.
		The legacy of vision and excellence proffered by the Negro leagues has been recognized recently by many Americans and has emerged as a source of great pride, as well as a necessary embarrassment to those who permitted the system of exclusion.
		During this period, Latin America was an important arena for baseball, because in the winter the best Negro leaguers played in such nations as Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Mexico with stars of the major league.
	archive.blackvoices.com /research/encarta/tt_464.asp (998 words)

	The Negro Leagues BaseballLibrary.com
		The first successful attempt to establish a major Negro baseball league came in 1920, with the founding of the Negro National League.
		Negro leagues generally contained six teams, though it was not uncommon for them to have a few more or less.
		He sets a oft-tied National League record for most wins without a loss in a career, a mark that will be eclipsed by Ben Shields (4—0 in two leagues).
	www.baseballlibrary.com /baseballlibrary/ballplayers/L/Leagues_The_Negro.stm (1648 words)

	Roy Campanella Quotes by Baseball Almanac
		He caught in five World Series, won the National League Most Valuable Player award in 1951, 1953, and 1955, and was the first black catcher in Major League Baseball history.
		The Brooklyn Dodger catcher was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, New York in 1969.
		He was named National League MVP three times, including a 1953 selection when he set single-season records for catchers with 41 homers and a National League best 142 RBI.
	baseball-almanac.com /quotes/roy_campanella_quotes.shtml (840 words)

	Negro League baseball - TheBestLinks.com - Negro Leagues, American Civil War, African-American, Baseball Hall of Fame, ...
		Negro League owners who complained about this practice were in a no-win situation: they could not protect their own interests without seeming to interfere with the advancement of players to the majors.
		After the integration of the major leagues in 1947, as marked by the appearance of Jackie Robinson with the Brooklyn Dodgers that April, interest in Negro League baseball waned.
		The Negro Leagues Baseball Museum is located in the 18th and Vine District in Kansas City, Missouri.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Negro_Leagues.html (1210 words)

	Past Exhibits
		The National Pastime in Black and White: The Negro Baseball Leagues, 1867-1955 tells the story of the Negro leagues during segregation.
		This and other social aspects of the Negro leagues will be examined, such as the roles of teams and players in the communities, the importance of weekly black newspapers, barnstorming, and the impact of traveling black teams on rural, mostly white communities.
		The Negro leagues provided a venue for black ball players and heroes for black fans, prior to the desegregation of major league baseball, which preceded the entire major civil rights landmarks of the 1950s and 1960s.
	www.thelincolnmuseum.org /new/exhibits/national_pastime.html (188 words)

	Homerunweb -- The Negro Leagues
		Negro leagues were born out of the desire for players of races other than white -- mainly African-Americans and dark-skinned Latins -- to play baseball in organized leagues.
		Alas, the sad consequences of breaking major league baseball's color line in 1947 were the death of the Negro leagues and the creation of another color line: the one keeping nonwhites from the ranks of major league team owners.
		Negro league players, on the other hand, danced off bases, stole home, used the bunt-and-run.
	www.homerunweb.com /negroleagues.html (608 words)

	The Negro Leagues Jules Tygiel OAH Magazine of History
		Although the great sluggers of the Negro Leagues rivalled those in the National and American Leagues, they comprised but one element of the speed-dominated universe of "tricky baseball." Black teams emphasized the bunt, the stolen base, and the hit-and-run.
		Negro Leaguers appeared regularly in the Cuban, Puerto Rican, Venezuelan, and Dominican winter leagues where they competed against black and white Latin stars and major leaguers as well.
		The two leagues cooperated in an annual East-West All-Star game which became the centerpiece of black baseball.
	www.oah.org /pubs/magazine/sport/tygiel.html (2170 words)

	The Negro Leagues Baseball Museum
		The Negro National League was founded a block away in the Paseo YMCA building in 1920.
		The Negro Leagues Baseball Museum is located at 1616 18th Street in the historic 18th and Vine area of Kansas City.
		Secondly, the NLBM has wisely decided to not induct players, feeling that if Negro Leaguers have "a hall of their own," Cooperstown will be less inclined to induct worthy players; instead there is a nice section highlighting players who have been honored.
	www.thediamondangle.com /marasco/negleg/nlbm.html (983 words)

	Negro league baseball - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Negro Southern League was a minor league that played from 1920 into the 1940s; in 1932 it incorporated some teams from the first Negro National League and functioned for one year as a major league.
		Negro League owners who complained about this practice were in a no-win situation: they could not protect their own interests without seeming to interfere with the advancement of players to the majors.
		The last of the Negro league teams the Indianapolis Clowns continued to play exhibition games into the 1980s as a curiosity and sideshow rather than a serious baseball team.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Negro_League (983 words)

	Baseball: Chicago Baseball Trivia
		In 1920, Chicagoan Andrew “Rube” Foster (1879-1930) formed the Negro National League, the first professional black league.
		Negro League player Jackie Robinson (1919-1972) joined the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1947, successfully breaking the color barrier in Major League Baseball.
		The last Negro league, the American Negro League, folded in 1960 as more black players moved to the major leagues.
	www.fieldmuseum.org /baseball/trivia4.html (207 words)

	The Daily Beacon
		The Negro Leagues were officially formed in 1920 when Andrew “Rube” Foster, owner of the team formerly known as the American Chicago Giants, officially formed the Negro National League in 1920.
		Although the duration of the Negro Leagues was short-lived, Clowney said he hopes to summarize in the discussion the many contributions of the Negro Leagues to baseball and history.
		The Negro Leagues significantly contributed to America’s favorite pastime by producing a countless number of baseball powerhouses and 18 future Hall of Fame inductees such as Ray Dandridge, Smokey Joe Williams and James “Cool Papa” Bell, according to the NHLM.
	dailybeacon.utk.edu /showarticle.php?articleid=16356 (395 words)

	Negro Baseball
		The reappearance of leagues in 1932 came with the formation of the Negro Southern League and the East-West League.
		The impact on the Negro leagues could not be reversed and by 1960 the Negro American League officially ceased operations.
		Major League Baseball's site on the Negro Leagues.
	www.fcps.edu /westspringfieldhs/projects/im98/im981/spo.htm (963 words)

	Artists keep the Negro Leagues alive
		In 1920, the Negro National League became the first fully organized baseball league for black players, who were shunned by the all-white majors; the Eastern Colored League was established in 1923.
		The portrait of the former Negro Leagues pitcher, who was elected to the Hall of Fame posthumously in 1996, was painted by Kadir Nelson and is part of the "Shades of Greatness" art exhibit now on view at the Louisville Slugger Museum.
		The 35-piece collection chronicles the Negro Leagues, which were created 84 years ago this month and existed into the 1960s, long after Jackie Robinson integrated the major leagues.
	reds.enquirer.com /2004/02/23/red2b.html (776 words)

	MLB.com - Negro Leagues
		That document is now part of the collection at the National Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, N.Y. Until her death in April 1981 at the age of 81, Manley devoted herself to keeping the history of Negro League baseball alive.
		While the very existence of the Negro Leagues was necessary because of the racial divides in the United States, black baseball not only survived -- it excelled.
		By the end of the war, the leagues were a $2 million enterprise and represented one of the largest black-dominated businesses in the U.S. After the war, integration of Major League baseball became a hot-button issue.
	www.mlb.com /NASApp/mlb/mlb/history/mlb_negro_leagues_story.jsp?story=effa_manley (2155 words)

	Autographed Baseballs -- Negro Leagues
		This changed in 1920 with the organization of the first of the "Negro Leagues," Rube Foster's National Association of Professional Base Ball Clubs, better known as the Negro National League.
		The organized Negro Leagues drew unprecedented crowds during World War II, but the signing of Jackie Robinson by the Brooklyn Dodgers ensured that black baseball as an institution would not last.
		But even in the years when a substantial league structure existed, clubs found it financially necessary to play a majority of games on the barnstorming circuit, taking on a broad array of professional and semi-professional competition, white and black, in towns across the nation.
	www.sports.nd.edu /exhibits/bbexhibit/balls/neglg/neglg.html (643 words)

	CourierConference.doc
		The Negro National League was formed in 1920 and reformed in 1933, and the Negro American League was formed in 1937, while other short-lived leagues made their own efforts as loose forms of organization for black baseball (“Timeline”).
		The happenings of the league were no longer important, for by this point, all that mattered was the future major leaguers that Negro teams might hold.
		Nevertheless, Negro baseball received less and less attention, and Branch Rickey was even quoted as saying that black ballplayers did not even have to come up through the Negro leagues en route to the majors anymore (Nunn 15).
	www.unc.edu /~jahanian/CourierConference.doc (3312 words)

	Blackbaseball.com :: Negro Baseball Leagues :: Bill Wright
		In 1939 Wright led the Negro National League with a fabulous.488 batting average and finished his Negro Leagues career with a.361 mark.
		Between that appearance he did not return to the U.S. until 1990 when he attended a reunion of Negro League players.
		A seven-time All-Star, Wright hit a career.318 in the Negro Leagues East-West classic.
	www.bonus.com /contour/negro_baseball/http@@/www.blackbaseball.com/players/billwright.htm (202 words)

	African Americans - Baseball's Negro Leagues, Breaking the Color Line: 1860's - 1947
		Team owners knew that if baseball were integrated, the Negro Leagues would probably not survive losing their best players to the majors, major league owners would lose significant rental revenue, and many Negro League players would lose their livelihoods.
		For example, many owners of major league teams rented their stadiums to Negro League teams when their own teams were on the road.
		After 1947, when major league teams began integrating, the Negro League teams lost many of their best players, and the League folded entirely in 1960.
	www.africanamericans.com /NegroLeagues.htm (3971 words)

	National Baseball Hall of Fame - Primary Sources - Negro Leagues
		The article chronicles the rapidly approaching demise of the Negro American League.
		National Baseball Hall of Fame - Primary Sources - Negro Leagues
		White players had the opportunity to compete in Major League Baseball, but that chance was not offered to thousands of very talented African-American players.
	baseballhalloffame.org /education/primary_sources/negro_leagues (160 words)

	Negro Baseball League
		Before the breakdown of the segregated leagues, the Negro leagues were among the largest black businesses in the U.S. The last of the Negro leagues struggled on until 1960 with only a fraction of their former support and prestige.
		Decades after their demise, the Negro baseball leagues are beginning to be recognized for their contributions to black America's social and economic progress.
		Through the years, Negro leagues overcame hardships, were reformed and replaced, grew and sometimes flourished.
	www.42explore2.com /blkleag.htm (736 words)

	Black Business Students Association
		It was at that time that the Negro National League was formed when star pitcher Andrew "Rube" Foster, co-owner of the Chicago American Giants, convinced the owners of seven other Northeastern and Midwestern teams to join him in establishing an organized and stable league for Black ballplayers and fans.
		Despite those difficulties, the Negro Leagues weathered the storm, as did the nation, and steadily built what was to become one of the largest and most successful Black-owned enterprises in America.
		The Negro Leagues were leagues formed by all-Black teams prior to the integration of professional baseball in 1947.
	www.umich.edu /~bbsa/blackhistorycontest3.htm (710 words)

	John O'neil
		Today, Buck sits on the Negro League Baseball Museum Board of Directors and is on the Veterans Committee of the National Baseball Hall of Fame.
		In 1946 he also led the Negro National Leagues with a batting average of.353 for the season (Mills, 1996).
		As manager of the Monarchs, Buck sent the most Negro League players on to the white Majors than anyone in baseball history.
	www.wvu.edu /~physed/blacksports/joneil.htm (343 words)

	Negro Baseball Leagues Store :: Jackets and Jerseys
		Arguably the Negro Leagues' all time greatest team, the Monarchs won five consecutive Negro National League championships during the 1920s.
		The Black Yankees were members of the Negro National League, often playing home games at Yankee Stadium.
		Although not a member of the Negro Leagues, we've included the House of David here because of their long association with Negro league baseball.
	www.blackbaseball.com /ads/negro_leagues_jackets_and_jerseys.htm (4778 words)

	BASN Negro Leagues Spotlight: The Brief, But Stellar Career of Charles "Chino" Smith
		Playing against the Brooklyn Black Sox, Smith became the first Negro Leaguer to hit a home run in the "House That Ruth Built." He also added a triple and another home run in that game while driving in six runs in a 13-4 win.
		For some, Smith's brief career was a microcosm of what the Negro Leagues and their players were all about.
		He led the American Negro League in homers (23), doubles (27), and average (.464).
	www.blackathlete.net /artman/publish/article_0678.shtml (841 words)

	Negro League Baseball Dot Com - The Online Home of Negro League Baseball History
		The Hilldale Giants, a Negro league baseball team from Delaware County that won the league's world series championship in 1925, may be honored with a historical marker.
		For those who are just discovering the story of the Negro League baseball we have prepared a primer on this fascinating part of American sports and cultural history.
		Some writers have speculated that Negro League baseball was the single biggest and most successful black owned enterprise in America during the "golden years" of the late 1930s and 1940s.
	www.negroleaguebaseball.com (630 words)

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Topic: Negro National League (the first)

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